Fuzhou dialect (Pinghua word: Hók-ci? 1? 9-u? ) belongs to the branch of Min dialect in Chinese, is the representative of the sub-dialects in eastern Fujian, and is also the mother tongue used by Fuzhou people. It is the lingua franca of "Shiyi" in the old Fuzhou prefecture in the lower reaches of Minjiang River, and is a representative dialect in the whole eastern Fujian region. Fujian dialect is one of the eight major dialects in Chinese, which was finalized in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and Fuzhou dialect plays an important role in Fujian dialect. Fuzhou locals usually refer to this language as Pinghua (Pinghua word: Bàng-u? ), which means "the language used in daily life", is usually called "Pinghua" by the locals and locals in Fuzhou discourse area. That is, Jin 'an dialect, which was brought by the Central Plains people in the Western Jin Dynasty to take refuge in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River, can also be called "Jin 'an dialect", because it was called "Jin 'an County" in Fuzhou at that time, and many U-intermediate sounds in Fuzhou dialect were brought by immigrants from the earlier Han Dynasty, for example, Xiang: suo~ng. Although Fuzhou dialect is officially defined as a dialect, from the perspective of linguistic definition, Fuzhou dialect is so different from standard Chinese that it cannot even be understood by people who speak other branches of Min dialect. In this sense, Fuzhou dialect is a language rather than a dialect. Fuzhou dialect is mainly used in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River basin (including its tributaries Dazhangxi and Gutianxi) in the southeast of China and the estuary, covering 11 counties and cities, namely Fuzhou, Minhou, Changle, Lianjiang, Yongtai, Minqing, Luoyuan, Fuqing, Pingtan, Pingnan and Gutian. Overseas Chinese organizations in Fuzhou are called Fuzhou Shiyi Association. Coverage accounts for one-fifth of the area of Fujian Province. Lianjiang County (Mazu) in Taiwan Province Province, China also uses Fuzhou dialect. Today, two cities and five counties (Fuan, Ningde, Zhouning, Shouning, Zherong, Xiapu and Fuding) under the jurisdiction of Ningde area can also understand. As for northern Fujian, such as Youxi, Jian 'ou, Shaxian, Shunchang, Jiangle, etc., Fuzhou dialect is the second dialect, and overseas Chinese who go out from the eastern Fujian dialect area spread Fuzhou dialect all over the world. With Fuzhou emigrating overseas, Fuzhou dialect has also spread to the Chinese communities in Southeast Asia and the United States, becoming one of the most influential Chinese languages overseas. Fuzhou dialect has many sources. Ancient Chinese and Middle Chinese obviously remain in Fuzhou dialect, which is mainly due to the large-scale immigration in the history of Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, as well as the remnants of the ancient Qi language and the ancient Jin language. Fuzhou dialect and today's Jin language also have the characteristics of * * * *-cutting foot words. * * * together form this dialect. In the past 311 years, great changes have taken place in Fuzhou dialect in terms of vowels, rules of phonetic changes, pronunciation changes and vocabulary. But this change is extremely slow. Because of this, Fuzhou dialect has its own characteristics. In terms of phonology, there are often many pronunciations of words of the same phonology in Fuzhou dialect in ancient times, and these different pronunciations often reflect the phonetic characteristics of different times. In terms of pronunciation, it is common for a word to have several pronunciations in Fuzhou dialect, some of which belong to literary pronunciation, some are pronounced as different levels of pronunciation because of word formation in different times, and some are changed to distinguish the meaning of words. From the perspective of language structure, due to the constraints of the phonetic system itself and vocabulary grammar, the pronunciation of Fuzhou dialect contains a series of voice changes, including voice change, rhyme change, tone change and light tone.