A. Bankruptcy due to the introduction of national macro-control policies, such as reducing or canceling export tax rebates, tightening bank loans, rising interest rates, rising wages, appreciation of RMB and other policy reasons. Enterprises facing policy regulation fail to adjust or cannot adjust in time and go bankrupt; Enterprises with high energy consumption, high pollution and low technology that invest in violation of national policies shall be ordered to stop production; In the process of industrial transformation, enterprises can't keep up with the pace of policy and are eliminated and bankrupt, especially in the process of traditional industries transforming into modern high technology, it is easier to eliminate backward industries.

B. quality accidents lead to bankruptcy. Quality is the life of an enterprise. This is not a slogan, it must be implemented in the specific production process. Quality is not a personal matter of enterprise leaders, but must be implemented in all employees of the enterprise. Quality monitoring in the production process and comprehensive inspection of products should be done at the same time, and both hands should be hard. It is necessary to raise quality awareness to a high level, set goals, implement responsibilities, clearly define rewards and punishments, improve monitoring, testing and inspection, establish an enterprise quality management system, and always grasp quality problems. The problem now is that the quality is relatively good when the enterprise is small in scale and weak in influence, but once it has passed 3C, ISO9000, HACCP and other certifications, once it has won the honors of China famous trademark, China famous trademark and national inspection exemption, it is not as good as before. To put it bluntly, it is arrogance, relaxation of vigilance and dereliction of duty. The melamine incident of Sanlu Group is a typical example. If there are product quality problems, it will bring losses and harm, and even lead to the closure of enterprises. So the quality problem is no small matter. In reality, many enterprises have closed down because of quality problems.

C. the capital chain leads to bankruptcy. Capital is the source of life and the blood of enterprise circulation. Without capital, enterprises cannot operate. Maybe it's because loans can't be put in place on time, maybe it's because blind diversification and blind expansion take up a lot of money, maybe it's because a lot of accounts receivable can't be recovered, maybe it's because a lot of accounts receivable and loans can't be repaid, maybe it's because the costs of raw materials, advertising, wages and so on have risen sharply, and so on. The break of the capital chain brought by all this is a fatal blow to enterprises, so some enterprises go out of business immediately after the problems in the capital chain appear.

D. corporate politics leads to bankruptcy. Some enterprises, especially partnership enterprises, joint-stock enterprises and private enterprises, have brought down a good enterprise because of imperfect internal mechanisms and systems, low quality of managers, power struggle, intrigue and factionalism. This is the so-called starting a business is easier than staying in business. Before the enterprise becomes famous, company leaders and enterprise teams can still work hard for the enterprise. When the enterprise achieves a little, it will not work. Strike and crowd out all the development and market expansion of the company, pay too much attention to personal gains and losses, pursue fame and fortune too much, and pursue power too much. In the end, the company will either fall apart or directly lead to its bankruptcy.

E. lack of talents leads to closure. Some enterprises lack real talents because their leaders have limited ability, no foresight and courage, no broad mind to introduce high-quality, high-level and even far beyond their own senior professional managers to take care of enterprises, and no professional technical, business and management talents. These enterprises neither cultivate nor introduce talents, which makes the whole enterprise wander at a low level, and enterprises can drag out an ignoble existence on the calm water. For the leaders of these enterprises, it was not that they seized the opportunity, but that they met him by chance, or that blind cats met dead mice, thus becoming big enterprises. For the leaders of these enterprises, they only rely on luck, experience and courage to run their enterprises, but when the market changes, they are helpless. In fact, they don't know much about the market, management or innovation, and there are no real talents to assist enterprises, so they are defeated in the fierce market competition and lead to bankruptcy.

F. Products, prices, channels and promotions closed down due to single channel are called the 4Ps of marketing, which shows the importance of channels in the marketing system. Now some people say that channels are king. As the saying goes, when you are ready, the channels are ready. Unless there is only one product (there may be few such products), enterprises should expand a variety of business channels, such as domestic market channels and international market channels, large modern KA, traditional circulation channels, catering channels, professional channels and special channels, self-operated markets and agency markets. At present, some enterprises can operate in a single channel without establishing more sales channels, especially those foreign trade export enterprises, which are used to OEM or all-round export and have not developed the domestic market. If we encounter international trade disputes and trade barriers and lose foreign orders, then enterprises will have to wait for death. Many such foreign trade enterprises in Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places have closed down, which has to arouse the vigilance of bosses.

G. mergers and acquisitions lead to bankruptcy. With the acceleration of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises, the pace of mergers and acquisitions will also accelerate. International consortia, large enterprises and large groups engaged in capital operation are always looking for delicious prey with their mouths open. Once they find some suitable enterprises, they will immediately swallow them up and become their own subordinate enterprises, especially those listed enterprises and joint ventures. Big bosses have to marvel at the power of capital. Perhaps your enterprise was once brilliant yesterday, but today it has become someone else's "wedding dress", which also forces the enterprise to have a sense of urgency, pressure and mission, to make the enterprise stronger and bigger, to strengthen its own strength and to resist foreign mergers and acquisitions. On the surface, the merger did not go bankrupt. In fact, a new boss is equivalent to going bankrupt.

H. the economic crisis led to the closure of enterprises, and enterprises could not be prevented. Some very powerful enterprises have also become at a loss in the face of the financial crisis, such as the collapse of Lehman in the United States. Broadly speaking, the financial crisis should also include industry crises, such as the dairy crisis some time ago, and Sanlu may not be the only one that eventually fell. This means that enterprises should always have a sense of crisis, think of cold winter in warm and suitable spring, don't be in danger everywhere, don't "take risks" when there is danger, calmly deal with it, and survive the crisis without going bankrupt.

First, natural and man-made disasters lead to bankruptcy, such as earthquakes, floods, fires and other natural and man-made disasters. For this irresistible factor, no one or any enterprise can do anything, and those enterprises that have closed down because of it can only do nothing.

J. Poor public relations led to closure. Public relations is an important part of modern enterprise management. Facing the market, consumers, society, government and media, how to say, how to do, how to answer questions, how to interact and how to establish an image. Can reflect the public relations level of the enterprise. Poor public relations can also lead to the closure of enterprises. There are too many examples here.