Is there any food here? Rotten? Nitrogen blowing air conditioner

Autumn in October is the harvest season of autumn grain. On the eve of World Food Day, the reporter walked into Guangzhou Zhicang Co., Ltd. and Guangzhou Grain Reserve Processing Center to visit how the grain was stored in the warehouse and how the processed rice entered the public table.

Warehousing: after careful selection? Testing?

? Big country granary? What does it look like? Recently, the reporter walked into the warehouse directly under Guangzhou Central Grain Reserve, and rows of tall bungalows came into view. There are three kinds of grain stored in the warehouse: rice, wheat and corn, of which rice reserves account for about 70%. What is stored here is raw grain, which is mainly used to adjust the total grain supply and demand in the country, stabilize the grain market, and deal with major natural disasters or other emergencies.

As soon as I stepped into the No.2 warehouse, I was greeted by the crisp fragrant rice. The grain in the warehouse is 6 meters high, about two stories high. ? This is the newly purchased rice this year, which was just put into storage in August. It's Jiangxi early indica rice. Rice is mainly divided into five varieties: early indica rice, late indica rice, indica glutinous rice, japonica glutinous rice and japonica rice. Our reserve is indica rice, which can be processed into rice suitable for daily consumption by southerners. ? Chunhua Lin, deputy section chief of the warehousing department of China Grain Storage Guangzhou Direct Warehouse Co., Ltd. introduced.

Most of the rice stored in the grain depot comes from Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces, and a small part comes from Leizhou Peninsula in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. Japonica rice is a favorite food of northeast residents, and it was not purchased by the warehouse directly under Guangzhou. Indica rice glutinous rice and japonica rice glutinous rice eat less every day and generally do not enter the reserve inventory.

Summer harvest and autumn harvest are the peak periods of new grain purchase and storage. In order to ensure food security, there are many procedures for returning food to the warehouse. The reporter learned that after the vehicles transporting grain arrive at the gate of the grain depot, they must register first, then arrange sampling and then conduct inspection. ? Sampling and inspection? It is a very important link and an important link related to food security. After car-by-car sampling, quality indicators, quality indicators, food safety indicators, etc. Should be tested, after the indicators are qualified, the grain can be put into storage. In order to prevent unqualified grain from being mixed into the car, in the process of unloading, the on-site warehouse keeper always checks the grain quality, and at the same time uses the moisture rapid detector to carry out process detection to ensure the good grain quality of the warehouse.

Preservation: food? Rotten? Nitrogen can prevent insects and mold.

? Big country granary? The full coverage of the warehousing Internet of Things has long been realized, and warehouse staff can see the temperature and humidity of grain in the background. Relying on more than 6,000 sensors and monitoring probes, the reporter can clearly see the rice grains and corn grains stored in the warehouse on the big screen in the background.

Originally, the grain pile was 6 meters in grid, and there were more than 300 temperature measuring points on the fourth floor. There were humidity sensors inside and outside, which could send the data back to the company in real time. If the grain index changes slightly, the backstage can monitor it at the first time and take ventilation and cooling measures in time.

The hot and humid weather in Guangzhou is not conducive to grain storage, but grain storage technology has further improved the ability to ensure food security. Grain likes low temperature, low humidity and low oxygen, so Guangzhou direct warehouse adopts the grain storage technology combining nitrogen filling with comprehensive temperature control, forming? Ventilation in winter, nitrogen filling in spring, temperature control in summer and prevention in autumn? Science and technology grain storage mode based on information technology. Specifically, in winter, taking advantage of the opportunity of cold air going south, the average temperature of grain can be reduced to below 15℃ through mechanical ventilation. Before the temperature rises in spring, the grain pile is sealed, filled with high-concentration nitrogen, and the nitrogen concentration is kept above 95% for heat insulation; In hot summer, turn on the air conditioner to control the temperature of the space in the warehouse, do a good job in heat insulation of doors and windows, and slow down the temperature rise of grain; Pest control will be carried out in autumn. If there are insects, they will be killed. If there are no insects, they will be protected to prevent and control infected pests.

Granary creation? Low temperature, low oxygen and low humidity? Has the green grain storage environment been realized? Safety, quality, harmlessness and damage? Green grain storage goal. Even in hot summer, the average grain temperature is kept below 23℃. ? Generally, rice rotates once every three years and wheat rotates once every five years. By the time of leaving the warehouse, the quality of wheat has basically not changed, and the indexes of rice are not much different from those of new rice. ? Chunhua Lin explained that, for example, the fatty acid value of rice quality index increases less than 3mgKOH/ 100g every year, and the quality indexes such as fatty acid value, taste score value and color of rice stored for two or three years are still within the appropriate storage range.

Where did the grain go after leaving the warehouse? It turns out that the rice out of the warehouse is generally sold to rice processing plants, which are mainly used to process rice and river flour. You may have questions, why are the processing plants still using old rice? According to Chunhua Lin, when producing rice, the processing plant will use old and new rice according to the formula. Because the newly harvested rice tastes sticky, it needs to be neutralized with new and old collocation, in order to match the rice with good taste and moderate viscosity. Some rice is also used to make rice noodles. According to the feedback from the processing factory, it is more suitable to store rice for two to three years to make river noodles.

Distribution: After processing, you can reach Shang Supermarket on the same day.

There is a grain depot directly under Guangzhou in the north and Guangzhou Lingnan Sui Grain Company (Guangzhou Grain Reserve Processing Center) in the south. It is a subsidiary of Guangzhou Grain Group under Lingnan Business Travel Group, which undertakes the storage and rotation of Guangzhou's two-level local grain reserves and shoulders the heavy responsibility of Guangzhou's staple food supply and emergency support. The finished rice noodles processed here can be purchased by the public in 8-character convenience stores, Pupu supermarkets, Shengjia supermarkets, Xing 'an supermarkets and other supermarkets.

Walking into Guangzhou Grain Reserve Processing Center, the reporter saw rows of giant vertical silos, shallow silos and busy transport vehicles. ? At present, the acquisition of autumn grain has reached its peak, and the acquisition of high-quality grain is being actively carried out. The daily storage of rice is about 200 tons. ? Liu Zili, general manager of Lingnan Suiliang Company, told the reporter.

Up to now, Guangliang Group has purchased more than 400,000 tons of all kinds of grain and oil, including wheat, rice and other varieties. The varieties purchased are selected according to the actual needs and preferences of Greater Bay Area residents. Wheat varieties are mainly domestic mainstream high-gluten and low-gluten high-quality wheat and imported Canadian wheat and Australian wheat. Rice varieties mainly include high-quality indica rice for cooking and early indica rice for making rice noodles; Rice varieties are mainly indica rice, such as Simiao, Xiangmei Sticky and Ivory Sticky. Subsequently, according to the time when autumn grain comes to market, Grain Group will continue to purchase rice that meets the preferences of Greater Bay Area residents in Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangxi to ensure a stable market supply.

Guangzhou Grain Reserve Processing Center has several 30-meter-high vertical silos, and a single silo can store thousands of tons of rice. The stored rice is stored in a quasi-low temperature warehouse, and the grain temperature is controlled at 2 1℃-23℃. However, the storage requirements of rice are more stringent, and the grain temperature in the low-temperature warehouse of rice should be strictly controlled at 17℃- 19℃.

Into the low-temperature storage of rice, bags of rice piled up into mountains, and waves of coolness and thick rice fragrance came to my face, including the government's strategic grain reserves. ? Rice stored at low temperature can keep fresh, nutritious and healthy quality, and the reserved rice should be rotated dynamically four times a year. ? Liu Zili said. In addition, the center is equipped with strong wheat and rice processing capacity, which can meet the living needs of citizens at any time and ensure the stable supply of grain market. The rice workshop is equipped with a production line with a daily processing capacity of 300 tons of rice and two polished rice production lines with a daily processing capacity of 200 tons, with an annual output of 6.5438+200,000 tons of rice.

So how long will it take for the processed rice to reach the end market? Guangliang Group has two quasi-low temperature grain distribution warehouses in the urban area, which can store about 7,500 tons of finished grain and oil. In the case of stable grain and oil market, about 200 tons of rice are transported from the processing center to the distribution warehouse every day. When the grain and oil market fluctuates, the emergency supply mechanism of grain and oil can be started immediately, and more than 500 tons of rice can be transported from the processing center to the distribution warehouse every day. The distribution warehouse is equipped with a corresponding logistics fleet, with a daily processing capacity of over 2,000 tons, and the response time of logistics distribution is within 12 hours.

? It takes only 12 hours for the rice flour, grain and oil products to be delivered from the distribution warehouse to the supermarket customers, that is, the fresh rice processed and packaged in the morning, and the citizens can buy it in the supermarket at night. ? Wang Xiaojian, general manager of Guangliang Group Reserve Branch, introduced. Take Haizhu warehouse in Haizhu District as an example. There are three quasi-low temperature granaries for storing different specifications of rice, flour, edible oil, etc. Fresh rice from the processing center will be transferred here. ? Every day, according to the variety and quantity of customer demand, each order is generated through the system and delivered to the warehouse keeper, who picks up the goods, loads them and delivers them to the end customers. The grain and oil products shipped from the processing center every day are only stored for a short time, usually once every seven days to ensure the fresh quality of grain and oil products supplied to citizens' homes. ? Wang Xiaojian said.

Preservation skills

Grain likes low temperature, low humidity and low oxygen, so Guangzhou direct warehouse adopts the grain storage technology combining nitrogen filling with comprehensive temperature control, forming? Ventilation in winter, nitrogen filling in spring, temperature control in summer and prevention in autumn? Science and technology grain storage mode based on information technology.

Scientific rotation

Generally, rice rotates once every three years and wheat rotates once every five years. When the rice leaves the warehouse, the quality of wheat has basically not changed, and the indexes of rice are not much different from those of new rice.

interconnection

There is a knack for buying rice.

? According to market research and feedback sales data, Guangzhou residents prefer southern indica rice, accounting for more than 80% of consumption, and japonica rice purchases account for about 10%. In household consumption, we prefer small-sized silk seedlings and oily substances, while japonica rice is mostly used for porridge. ? He Dongsheng, technical research and development department of Guangliang Group, introduced. In fact, different kinds of rice have little difference in nutrition and cooking methods, but the taste is very different. Indica rice, especially high-quality southern indica rice, is slender and transparent, and the cooked rice tastes sweet, soft and elastic, with clear and chewy particles; The amylopectin content of japonica rice is high, and the viscosity of rice is high, which makes some southerners feel difficult to digest after eating it.

How to buy rice? He Dongsheng suggested looking at the production date first, and the closer to the production date, the fresher the product; Try not to buy bulk rice. If exposed to the air for a long time, it will definitely fall into the dust. At the same time, it is inevitable that someone will grab it and smell it, leaving bacteria carelessly. When bought in moderation, rice is a living organism, and the rice after opening the package is easily affected by the storage environment. In order to ensure the best tasting period, it is recommended to buy in moderation. Good rice has high hardness, transparent surface, few cracked grains, uniform color and natural beige color, and few yellow grains and belly white grains.

Rice likes low temperature and low oxygen environment. In terms of keeping rice at home, Chunhua Lin suggested that rice should be unpacked, sealed in a sealed bag, placed in a cool place and stored in the refrigerator. Generally, rice should not be stored for more than half a year, otherwise it is easy to get insects.

Guangzhou Daily A6 Edition June 65438+1October 65438+May 2022