Analysis of the Relationship between Song Poetry and Tea Culture 1. There are many contents about tea varieties in the Song Dynasty, mainly in two situations.
One is identified from the processing method. Tea processing in Song Dynasty can be roughly divided into two categories. One is called wax tea, also called group tea; One is called herbal tea, also called loose tea. The most typical is the famous Longfeng tea in Song Dynasty. It turned out to be a group tea produced in Jian 'an, Fujian, also known as Beiyuan tea. In order to show the dignity of the royal family, Song Taizong specially made Longfeng tea, which was different from ordinary tea and became a famous royal tribute in the Song Dynasty. This kind of group tea with dragon and phoenix patterns on its surface is not only drinkable, but also a pleasing work of art with high value. Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once said: Its value is two Liang, gold has it, and tea has it. ? Because it is a royal tribute, it is mostly given by the emperor, which is rare for non-noble ministers, which is reflected in the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang's Dragon and Phoenix Tea says: The title of dragon and phoenix is new, because it was given by the recent minister. ? . If you don't taste it, you will be exhausted, except that you will support your old relatives. ? It is known that only a recent minister can win the honor of Longfeng Group Tea. Su Dongpo's "Happy to see the salary has a new tea cloud, report to the dragon troupe, and still play poetry" said: Wonderful for fragrant products, treasures cook big officials. Pick buds and separate tongues, and give them to the tea dragon group. The weather is warm at dawn, but the temple in the spring breeze is very cold. Try your hand when chatting, don't look at both sides. ? It embodies the grand occasion for the emperor to give tea to the dragon and phoenix. Zou Hao's "Reward Confucianism again" also said:? When the dragon and phoenix opened, several children were dumbfounded. ? Hui Hong, a monk, also mentioned Longfeng tea in Guo Zhi's Poems of Qiu Xinlong Group. Before the rain, the courtiers paid tribute, and the clouds were white and the wall was Pan Xiaofeng. Rui En showed you who built a stream in Beijing in spring. ? You can also see the preciousness of Longfeng group tea. On the other hand, place names are often used as tea names. Such as Dongting tea, "Li Zhongshe House, He County Topic" cloud:? The ground vein is divided into Wuyuan water, and Dongting tea is cooked when smoking. ? There is also Yuelu Tea, and "Send Luo Works to Hunan" says:? Mountain horses caress Xiangchuan stone, and monks in the temple provide Yuelu tea. ?
Another snow pit tea, Su Dongpo's "Dingzhou Eryun Zhang Rijian Mail" said:? My country used to supply rice to Yun Ze, and your family newly made snow pit tea. ? And Baoyun Tea, Wang Ling wrote "Xie Zhang and Zhonghui Baoyun Tea". Also paying attention to tea, Lu You said in Zhong Qinong's Pen Book and Poetry Book: Waiting for the fire to newly cook ancient bamboo tea? . Shuangjing Tea, Chen Shidao's "To Lu Zhi" has a cloud:? You are like a double well tea, everyone wants to taste it. ?
Huang Tingjian also mentioned tea in "Tea from Shuangjing to Zizhan" and "Answering Huang Yi Jian Jian". The Korean drama "Leave the slaughter to leave the old" also said:? Picking tea in Shuangjing and having fun with monks. ? What does Yang Wanli mean by "late prosperity"? Shuangjing tea buds wake up sweet bones? . Another example is Yue Cha, as Wen Tong said in After the Rain in Beizhai? Stay in Lin Xuan and try this tea? . Another tea source, Mi Fei's "Show Tiaoxi Opera to Friends" said: Lazy pour Huiquan wine and order a cup of tea. ? Huang Tingjian also wrote a poem "Thank you for sending me to sharpen and give me a source to pick up buds". Yangxian tea again, Fang Yue's "Zhao Longxue sent Yangxian tea to cook Qionghua for Chuanjing" said: Three printing Huai points Yangxian tea, and self-fried Shu Jingqiong flowers. ? Or some herbs are used to make tea, such as dogwood tea. Lu You's Song of Jingzhou says:? There are many people in the gorge but few people in Chu, and the earth is full of dogwood tea. ? As for whether this tea has medicinal value, that is another matter and needs textual research. There are also some people who live in other places, but they collectively refer to local unknown tea products as local tea. What's in Lu You's Huanxi Girl? Pot beans stir-fried earth tea? Another poem, Winter Weather and Pu Shuo Sichuan Opera? More fried chamomile? . The tea names recorded in the Song Dynasty may explain the popularity of tea making in the Song Dynasty. There are not only special group teas enjoyed by the traditional royal family, but also local famous teas scattered all over the country. It can be seen that the prosperity of tea in Song Dynasty is true.
? Second, tea picking Tea picking is an important basis for tea processing. Due to the different climate and environmental conditions, the quality of tea picked in different seasons also varies greatly throughout the year. Generally, the quality of tea collected around Tomb-Sweeping Day is the best, which is called spring tea. There are many records in Song Dynasty. Yu Wang's Yangzhou Cold Food was presented to Bird Waichengjun and Dr. Wu Diansheng Liucheng in the same year? Who said anything about cold food? I cook tea all day. ? For example, in Ouyang Xiu's "Stop Zen and You Nan Yue in Ren Shang"? It's still early spring, and Chaqingyan hasn't been picked yet. ; Dai Fugu said in "I miss home in spring"? Rent a mountain to pick tea and have morning tea? ; Monk Huihong's "Two Rhymes See and Send Two Songs"? Want to see Tung shake hands, it's raining when picking tea? . It can be seen that it is common for Song people to pick spring tea. Occasionally I see summer tea and autumn tea. What are the happy land tours in early summer? Spring is old in tea-picking songs? , also mentioned in his "Garden"? Wildflowers bloom in the branches, and autumn tea hurts itself. . Of course, tea picking in summer and autumn is not as attractive as spring tea. To pick high-quality tea, we should not only pick it in time, but also choose new tea and fresh buds as the top grade. Yu Wang's Song of the Three Gorges
Once said? Picking new tea at the foot of Musk Mountain? In Twelve Rhymes of Tea Garden? The soft soil has sprouted new roots. The yellowbird with small tongue and the green ape with ugly hair. The steamed fragrance is even more unusual, and the baked fire is slightly warm. Near Tonghua Festival, there is no Grain Rain mark. ? There is also a sentence in Lu You's "The East Pavilion in Ciyun Courtyard":? The fragrance is strong and straight, the tea is tender and the flowers are round. ? Ye Mengde, a poet in the Song Dynasty, recorded the summer vacation. Although tea is occasional, its essence lies in bud. ? It reflects that Song people had certain technical requirements for tea picking, which laid a good foundation for producing high-quality tea. After tea leaves are picked, they generally need to be processed to become finished tea. But there are also ways to make new tea. Han Qi's Answer to Li Yuan Festival, Pushing Jun into the Temple of Zen Wisdom says:? Take advantage of the tea garden and climb the mountain in a hundred steps. Picking, baking, cooking, sipping, sweet dew. ? Or a way to taste the quality of tea first. Third, the water of tea tasting The prosperity of tea drinking in the Song Dynasty contributed to the formation of tea tasting.
Tea tasting requires not only high-quality tea leaves, but also water for making tea. Wang Anshi's seeing Zhang Xuanyi off the curtain says? Water, sweet tea, string incense? . There are many different kinds of water sources in nature. Natural water, such as spring water, river water, well water and lake water. All kinds of natural water have different effects on the quality of boiled tea due to different dissolved substances, and spring water is generally the best. Lin Bu's "Two Poems of Small Hidden Lakes and Mountains" are? The medicine spring comes from the stone sinus, and the tea comes from the loose tip. ? Yang Wanli has the saying that "Shuangjing tea is boiled with Liu Yiquan". What does Xu Qian mean by "sitting alone"? A bottle of spring tea to be boiled? .
The Bigger Master Book by the poet Wang Gui? Ye Si Shiquan Autumn brew tea, Songchuang Snowhouse Night Talk Poetry. ? Autumn in Used as Two Rhymes? I hate no fragrance, but I like cold springs and flowers. ? Hui Hong's "Qing Chang You Caotang"? You can swim in a one-person spring and boil spring tea at the peak. ? Spring water belongs to groundwater. After repeated filtration in the stratum, its impurities are less, and it flows between streams after gushing out of the ground, which can absorb enough air and increase dissolved oxygen. At the same time, under the action of carbon dioxide, a variety of nutrients are dissolved, so spring tea is particularly fragrant and sweet. At that time, Huishan Spring was famous. Is it in Yu Wang's "Send Dr. Liu to Wholesale and Retail"? Why not ask Huishan Spring first? , "Zhao Cheng five states GuanShi war" also said to send ChaoJian? Frost, sunny, vibrant, first taste of orange, spring over Huishan, try tea? In Huishan Temple, he said:? Yin enters Huishan Temple and enjoys Hejia leisurely. Good throw this day Tao Qianmi, learn to make Lu Yu tea that year. ? Huang Tingjian's "Xie Huang sends Hui Shan Chun Zi Shan Ye Si"? Urgent call for cooking ding for tea, Qingjiang urgent rain to see jumping beads? . Yang Wanli's "Going to Jingyuan Pavilion after Meal" says: Call back the landscape and brew Jian Xi tea. ? Besides spring water, there are rivers where tea can be cooked. Fan Chengda's "nine slopes divide water" also said:? It has been difficult for people to come here since ancient times. ? Yang Wanli's Crossing the Yangtze River says: Take a bottle to fetch water in the middle of the river, and try to make tea first. ? Or tea boiled in a well. Lu You's poem "Cooking tea in a well at night" says: Pumping tea, the pulley clatters. A hundred feet of ancient wells sound, and the heart is cold. ? Zhao Shixiu has a dream:? Self-fried manhole water, but also boiled Yue monk tea? , in "thank you friends for seeing"? If there is a well, you can try it. . What does Zhao Xu mean by "Xie Jixu knows how to drink tea"? Incense becomes a fine spring? . There are also teas made in Tianshui, such as snow water. Kong wrote in "Heavy Snow on December 25th":? Tell the children to store in the ladder, and you have to make tea for the guests. ? What does Tachileik mean by "Sticking Zheng Jizhi's Drunk Dream Zhai"? But ask snow fried tea? . Lu You is writing in the rain.
Mention? A teapot fried in the snow? . Deer tripod snowy night state:? Shi Ding should melt ice water, and black hat halters should make their own tea. ? The quality of snow water itself is excellent, but due to the pollution of atmospheric dust particles during snowfall, the quality of tea making should not be as good as that of spring water. However, the ancient environment was well maintained, and tea making in snowy areas was highly respected by Song people, so it was probably sweet and clean. For example, in Ding Wei's poem "Fried Tea" in the Song Dynasty, it was recorded that he was given Jian 'an famous tea, but he could not bear to drink it, and insisted on waiting until it snowed, making tea and giving it snow water. It says:? Regret collecting books, persist in snowy days. ? It may show that it is very good to cook tea with snow in Song Dynasty.
Definition of tea culture. The definition of tea culture Tea is a product of labor and a drink. Tea culture takes tea as the carrier, through which various cultures are spread. It is an organic combination of tea and culture, which contains and embodies the material civilization and spiritual civilization in a certain period.
Second, the connotation of tea culture Tea culture is an integral part of China's traditional excellent culture, which is very rich in content, involving science and technology education, culture and art, medical care, historical archaeology, economy and trade, catering and tourism, press and publication and other disciplines and industries, including tea monographs, tea periodicals, tea and poetry, tea and song and dance, tea and novel, tea and art, tea and wedding, tea and sacrifice, tea and Zen, tea and catalpa.
Third, the history of tea culture system: the origin, discovery and utilization of tea, the formation, development, evolution, characteristics and manifestations of tea culture;
Sociology of tea culture: the influence of tea culture on all aspects of society, the role of social development and progress on tea culture and the relationship between social class and tea culture;
Tea-drinking folklore: the tea-drinking customs of history and modernity, regions and nationalities, cities and rural areas;
Tea aesthetics: the shape design of finished tea, the naming of famous tea, the design of tea packaging and advertising, etc.
Tea culture communication: international and domestic seminars, tea culture exhibitions, tea performances, children's tea art, tea historical and cultural fairs, tea tourism; Functionalism of tea culture: tea culture resources, characteristics, historical tea culture, tea culture function in the new period, and the role of tea culture in modern society and spiritual civilization construction.