SBR is the abbreviation of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process, which is an intermittent aeration activated sludge wastewater treatment technology, also known as sequencing batch activated sludge process. Different from the traditional sewage treatment process, SBR technology replaces air separation with time-sharing operation, unstable biochemical reaction instead of stable biochemical reaction, and static ideal precipitation instead of traditional dynamic precipitation. Its main feature is orderly intermittent operation. The core of SBR technology is SBR reaction tank, which integrates the functions of homogenization, primary precipitation, biodegradation and secondary precipitation in one tank, and there is no sludge reflux system. It is these particularities of SBR process that make it have the following advantages:
1. The ideal plug-flow process increases the driving force and efficiency of biochemical reaction, and the anaerobic and aerobic conditions in the tank alternate, and the purification effect is good.
2, the operation effect is stable, the sewage is precipitated in an ideal static state, the required time is short, the efficiency is high, and the effluent quality is good.
3. Impact load resistance. There is stagnant treated water in the pool, which can dilute the buffered sewage and effectively resist the impact of water quantity and organic pollutants.
4. Each process in the process can be adjusted according to the water quality and quantity, and the operation is flexible.
5. Less processing equipment, simple structure and convenient operation, maintenance and management.
6. The concentration gradient of DO and BOD5 exists in the reaction tank, which effectively controls the expansion of activated sludge.
7.SBR system itself is also suitable for combined construction, which is beneficial to the expansion and transformation of sewage treatment plant.
8. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal, properly control the operation mode, realize the alternation of aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic states, and have good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect.
9. Simple process and low cost. There is only one sequencing batch batch reactor as the main equipment, and there is no secondary sedimentation tank and sludge reflux system, and the regulating tank and primary sedimentation tank can also be omitted, so the layout is compact and the occupied area is saved.
Scope of application of SBR system
Due to the above technical characteristics, SBR system further broadens the application scope of activated sludge process. As far as the current technical conditions are concerned, SBR system is more suitable for the following situations:
1) Domestic sewage from small and medium-sized towns and industrial wastewater from factories and mines, especially in places with intermittent discharge and large flow changes.
2) Places with better water quality than Gao Quan, such as scenic spots, lakes and harbors, should not only remove organic matter, but also remove phosphorus and nitrogen from water to prevent eutrophication of rivers and lakes.
3) Where water resources are scarce. SBR system can be physically treated after biological treatment without increasing facilities, which is convenient for water recycling.
4) Where land is scarce.
5) Transform the existing continuous flow sewage treatment plant, etc.
6) It is very suitable for the treatment of industrial wastewater with small water volume and intermittent discharge and the treatment of scattered point source pollution.
Design and operation of SBR process
Problems needing special attention in SBR design
(1) Main facilities and equipment
1, composition of facilities
In principle, this method does not have a primary sedimentation tank. The main reasons why small sewage treatment plants adopt this method are simple facilities and centralized maintenance and management. In order to adapt to the change of flow rate, the volume of the reaction tank should be left with margin or the operation period should be set. However, for places with large flow changes, such as tourist attractions, the setting of flow regulating pools should be studied according to maintenance management and economic conditions.
2. Reaction tank
The reaction tank is completely mixed, very compact and occupies less space. The shape is rectangular, the ratio of pool width to pool length is about 1: 1 ~ 1: 2, and the water depth is 4 ~ 6 meters.
The water depth of the reaction tank is too deep, which is uneconomical. The reasons are as follows: ① The water depth of the reaction tank is too deep, and the outlet water depth increases correspondingly, which increases the precipitation time required for solid-liquid separation. (2) The special supernatant discharge device is limited by the structure, and the depth of the supernatant discharge water cannot be too deep.
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