The morphology of the form (such as glaciers, river valleys, karst, loess gullies and valleys, coasts, etc.), but also for travelers to provide a more comprehensive and intuitive overview of the tourist region. Audible maps Paper is a common carrier of geographic information, although through the rational design of the map type and the scientific use of color, the load capacity of the map surface has been considerable, but the need to express the greater amount of geographic information on the map, often subject to the limitations of the format and scale, can only selectively express part of the information, and to the static geographic landscape and its temporal and spatial distribution of the characteristics of the main. Over-emphasis on increasing the map capacity is sometimes counterproductive. One of the effective ways to increase the information capacity of the map and improve the application effect is to change the paper as a single carrier form. Therefore, the high-density recording of information on magnetic tapes with additional devices and conventional maps combined to form a "sound map". Audiomaps are based on the principle that human sight and hearing, when harmonized, can help to improve the ability to memorize. According to psychophysical research, among the human sensory organs, visual transmission of information is the fastest, followed by auditory, if a certain proportion of mixed use of visual and auditory, the temporary neural links established in the cerebral cortex will continue to be supplemented, corrected, improved, and finally formed a complete concept of the object. An audiogram consists of an ordinary map, an accuser, a retrieval pad, and a recorder add-on. The accuser is an indicator stick composed of electronic circuit, which can be used to point out the feature symbols on the map and retrieve the descriptions of the feature symbols from the magnetic tape; the retrieval pad is made of nylon, with many squares printed on the surface which can be used as the map locator, and the conductive resin mixed with adhesive printing into the retrieval grids and lead electrodes in the sandwich; the recorder add-on has the functions of memorizing, addressing, and controlling, and it is controlled by the signal output from the retrieval pad. Signal control. When using the audible map, as long as the map is placed on the retrieval pad and positioned according to the original positioning requirements, when the accuser points to a feature symbol on the map, the retrieval signal output by the accuser will be retrieved from the retrieval grid in the interlayer of the retrieval pad through the lead electrodes into the VCR add-on, and retrieve the corresponding explanatory content from the magnetic tape. In this way, while observing the symbols of a feature on the map, one can also hear the explanation of the feature. With the continuation of time, the visual attention to a feature symbols, but the auditory sense is constantly subjected to new content information, at this time, so that people are in a highly concentrated state of mind, which is conducive to improving the reading and application of the map. Digital map Ordinary maps are printed on paper or other materials, can be read directly, measurement. The digital map is a need to represent all the information on the map after digital storage in the computer does not display graphics, the use of purposeful processing, analysis, and then graphics and other forms (sections, process lines, etc.) or directly provide answers to the data expressed in the way of special "maps". Its data come from a variety of remote sensing images, as well as general maps, thematic maps, the use of specialized procedures to convert all of this information into various types of data, can be classified according to user requirements, combinations, calculations, processing, and then the formation of a series of different scales of a variety of new map types. Because digital map is fast, precise, rich in information, novel and diversified, its use is becoming more and more widespread. For example, traffic maps expressed in the form of digital maps can display the graphics of the required areas in a timely manner according to the needs and adjust the scale to the extent sufficient to distinguish, and provide detailed road information that is constantly changing. Another example is the Swiss National Atlas, which can also store all its information on a specific 46 diskette for readers to call up and read on a microcomputer. Braille maps are intended for use by the blind, and show feature elements as raised dots of the same size and in different combinations. This has been produced in many countries, small-scale maps such as Poland, large-scale such as the United States compiled the White House tour map. Luminescent maps, also known as glow-in-the-dark maps, fluorescent maps, is the use of special color ink and ordinary printing methods, the map content printed on special fluorescent paper, in the dark environment, with the help of invisible ultraviolet light continuous irradiation of the map surface, so as to read the content clearly. There are many types of fluorescent maps, including fluorescent topographic maps, fluorescent nautical and aeronautical maps, and other maps, which are widely used in nighttime military operations or underground construction. Non-paper maps According to the material that carries the elements of the map, there are a variety of non-paper maps such as plastic (plastic sheets, plastic sheeting, pearlescent plastic film, etc.), silk, polyester and cotton. These maps generally have folding, wear-resistant, lightweight, not afraid of water and other characteristics, of which polyester-cotton map is a good material as a teaching wall map, more and more by the teacher's favorite and the use of plastic maps in the transparent polyester plastic sheet maps, often as a collection of atlas of the second base map (such as the production of administrative districts of the bottom of the plastic sheet map can be covered in a variety of thematic maps for professional analysis) or as a thematic map of the Combination (such as the production of point method of population maps with plastic sheet, as an overlay on other population maps for analysis). Maps are a "family". If we introduce them according to their functions, then with the development of national economy and scientific and technological progress, there are many new varieties. All these special maps and our common general maps, thematic maps, image maps, in all walks of life, especially in the scientific, cultural and educational undertakings to play a huge potential for application and play an increasingly important role. China's ancient cartographers - Pei Xiu Pei Xiu is China's ancient an excellent cartographer and geographer, is a cartographic system of the innovator, his own research creatively put forward the "cartography of the six bodies", which has an epoch-making significance in China's map history, and in the world's map history. This has an epoch-making significance in the map history of China and also occupies an important position in the map history of the world. Some people compare Pei Xiu of China and Ptolemy (about 99-168 AD), a European map scholar, as two giant stars in the history of ancient maps that reflect the East and the West. Pei Xiu, with the character of Ji Yan, a native of Wenxi in Hedong (now Wenxi County in Shanxi Province), was born in 223 A.D. (the fourth year of Huangchu of the Emperor Wen of Wei) and died in 271 A.D. (the seventh year of Qin Shi of the Emperor Wu of Jin), at the age of 48. His grandfather, Pei Mao, was a minister of the Han Dynasty, and his father, Pei Qian, was a minister of the state of Wei. When Pei Xiu was young, he was smart and studious, and in the "Book of Jin - Biography of Pei Xiu", it was said that he was "knowledgeable and strong in memorizing, and could not stop reading everything". Because of his family of eunuchs and his talent, Pei Xiu was appointed as "Sikong" by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, managing the household registration, land, field, tax and map of the country, etc. At the age of 34, Pei Xiu accompanied Sima Zhao of Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty to conquer Zhuge Dang in Huainan, and gave advice to the Emperor Wen of Jin Dynasty. After Zhuge Tian pacified Pei.
2. How to correctly understand the satellite map
In the satellite map will sometimes be affected by the shooting angle you will see three sides or two sides if the vertical 90 degrees is a face, less experienced people are not easy to understand, in the junior high school geography book about the mountain range hills and cliffs and so on the identification of the signs, in view of your situation or should be familiar with the terrain and develop their own three-dimensional sense of space. Your own three-dimensional sense of space is the main, familiar with the terrain and good three-dimensional sense of space will be formed in your brain clothes similar to the satellite map of the virtual picture. Then according to the solid basic knowledge can help you in different satellite maps to find the place you want to know this also requires a good sense of orientation, for three, three-dimensional spatial sense of training is very simple you just need to be in your brain to a three-dimensional box of six-sided disassembly and reorganization, the use of different ways of conceptualization and to see each face, and that is to draw more easily to deepen this feeling.
3. How to correctly understand the satellite map
Satellite maps, referred to as satellite map, the exact method of satellite remote sensing images, also known as satellite imagery.
The so-called remote sensing, that is, remote perception. Satellite remote sensing, that is, through the satellite in space to detect the Earth's surface objects on the electromagnetic wave reflection and its emission of electromagnetic waves, so as to extract the information of these objects, complete the long-distance identification of objects.
The image obtained by converting and recognizing these electric wave information is the satellite map. Satellite map is a satellite shot of the real geographic appearance, so satellite maps can be used to detect the information on the ground, you can learn about the geographic location, topography and so on.
This information can be applied to urban and rural planning, through the satellite map of the gps navigation system, can tell you where you are now, how to go to the place you will go and so on information. If it is a real-time monitoring satellite map, it can be used in military command deployment, disaster relief deployment, monitoring of natural disasters such as fires, and can also be applied to the police to track down wanted criminals and so on.
References:
4. Physics of Satellite Motion We know that satellites are kept in the sky without relying on any power plant, why? You know, the gravitational pull of the earth is quite considerable, even to the distance of the moon, the gravitational pull of the earth is still huge, so what does the satellite rely on to counteract the effects of gravity? The answer is circular motion. Whether it is a natural satellite or artificial satellites, are in a huge speed around the Earth for uniform circular motion, in a few kilometers per second under the speed of circular motion, its centrifugal effect is huge, which is just and gravity to cancel out. So, as long as it is a satellite, it has to move at high speeds. All geosynchronous satellites move above the equator about six times the radius of the Earth from the center of the Earth - a pretty scary distance.
5. What to know about maps
Edit this paragraph Definition A map is a graphic representation or image of a number of phenomena of the Earth (or other planets) on a flat or spherical surface in accordance with certain laws, selectively in two-dimensional or multidimensional form and means, with a strict mathematical basis, a system of symbols, textual notation, and the ability to use the principles of map generalization, scientifically reflecting the distribution characteristics of natural and socio-economic phenomena and their interrelationships. The distribution characteristics of natural and socio-economic phenomena and their interrelationships.
At this stage, the definition of the map is: a certain mathematical law (that is, pattern), symbolization, abstraction to reflect the objective reality of the image of the symbolic model or known as graphical mathematical model. Edit a brief history In prehistoric times, the ancients knew to use symbols to record or illustrate the environment in which they lived, the route they traveled, and so on.
The earliest maps that can be found are the maps of ancient Babylon engraved on clay tablets (Figure 01-01). It is believed that this is a map of the city of ancient Babylon and its surroundings more than 4,500 years ago. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers originate in the northern mountains and flow into the southern marshes, and the city of ancient Babylon is located in the middle of the two mountain ranges. Ancient maps that have survived to the present day include the Map of the City of Nippur, drawn in 1500 BCE, which survives in clay tablets excavated by the University of Pennsylvania in the late 19th century at the site of Nippur (present-day Nifar, Iraq) (see Figure 01-02).
In the center of the figure is the name of the city of Nippur in Sumerian, with the Euphrates River in the southwest, the Numbirdu canal in the northwest, and the city canal dividing Nippur into east and west halves, with walls on three sides, and the east side unknown due to the lack of clay tablets. The city walls are painted with gates and names noted, outside the city walls on the north and south have moats and names labeled, the west has the Euphrates River as a barrier.
There are temples and parks in the city, but there is no indication of residential areas. The map is at a scale of about 1:120,000 meters.
Also preserved in kind is a map of the gold mines drawn on reeds by the ancient Egyptians from 1330 to 1317 BC. ? China's records and legends about maps can be traced back to 4000 years ago, "Zuozhuan" on the record of the Xia Dynasty, "Nine Tripods Map ".
The ancient scripture "Zhouyi" has the record of "Hetu", and "Luoshu", indicating the origin of books in China. Heirloom literature "Zhou Rites" has 17 records on the map, the map and the Zhou officials in 14 kinds of official positions associated with, such as "heavenly official Tsukazai - Sishu" "in charge of the state in the plate, the map of the land"; "earth official Sistu - Dastu" "in charge of the establishment of a new building. The "Shi Shu" (司書), a heavenly official, was in charge of the map of the land in the state, and the number of its people, so as to help the king to caress the state.
The map of the land of the world, known as the territory of the nine states, the number of broad rounds, to identify its mountains, forests, rivers and lakes, hills, graveyards, the name of the marshy land, and to identify the number of the state of the state, the number of the state of the capital, the system of the border and ditch sealing, and set up its social and grain? The "Minister of Lands - Small Minister" was responsible for "correcting all civil lawsuits by land ratio, and all land lawsuits by map"; "Minister of Lands - Earth Training" was responsible for "passing maps and making them available to the public"; and "Minister of Lands - Land Training" was responsible for "making maps and making maps available to the public". "He was in charge of the map, and made an imperial decree on land matters"; "The Spring Officials, Zongbo - Mound Man", "was in charge of the cemetery land, and made a map to identify its significance"; "The Summer Officials, Sima - Siskin", "was in charge of the map of the nine states". " "The map of the nine states, in order to know its mountains, forests, rivers and swamps of the obstacles to the road"; "Xiaguan Sima - Job Fang's" "the map of the world, in order to palm the world's land, to identify the state of the state of the city of the mean, the four barbarians and eight barbarians, the seven mins, the four barbarians and eight barbarians. Four barbarians, seven Min eight raccoon, five Rong six Di people, and their property, nine grain six animals of the number of the to". 1954 June, China's archaeologists in Jiangsu Dantu County Yandun Mountain unearthed in the Western Zhou Dynasty early bronze "yihou yi?" The 120-character inscription engraved and cast inside the bottom of the two talk about the map, namely, "King Wu, King Cheng to conquer the Shang map" and "East country map".
The text records that according to these two maps, King Kang of Zhou went to Yidi and held a ceremony to recognize the marquis. He said, "Only in the fourth month of the eon in Ding Wei , the king of the King Wu Wang attempted to save, King Cheng invaded the Shang map, attempted to save the east or (country) map.
The king stood (position) in the Yi, within (Na) soil, South Township (to). The king ordered Yu Hou to say: 'Careful, Hou Yu Yi.
'" According to the evidence, the map was completed in 1027 BC or a little later. These records are enough to show that China's Western Zhou period has a land map, military map, political map and a variety of maps, and in the war, line management, transportation, taxes, fugitives, engineering and other aspects of the application.
These maps have obviously been removed from the stage of the original map, with a precise scientific concept. Unfortunately, our country has not seen these maps in kind, pending the discovery of underground archaeology.
Edit this section of the type (1) according to its regional scope is divided into: the world map, hemisphere map, continents, oceans, sea map, country (region) map, provincial map, city and county map. (2) According to its thematic subjects are divided into: natural map, population map, economic map, political map, cultural map, historical map.
(3) According to its specific applications are divided into: reference maps, teaching maps, topographic maps, aerial maps, sea maps, coastal maps, astronomical maps, transportation maps, tourist maps and so on. (4) According to its form of use is divided into: wall map, desktop map, atlas (book) and so on.
(5) According to its form of expression is divided into: micrographic maps, digital maps, electronic maps, image maps and so on. (6) According to its printing format: 16, 8, 4, folio, full sheet, two full sheet, three full sheet, four full sheet, nine full sheet.
(7) According to the map classification: atlas, electronic maps, three-dimensional maps, satellite maps, image maps and so on. According to the content of the map, the map can be divided into ordinary maps, topographic maps and thematic maps.
General geographic map (General Map) is to the same level of detail to represent the main natural and socio-economic phenomena on the ground map, can be more comprehensively reflect the geographical characteristics of the mapping area, including water systems, terrain, soil, vegetation, settlements, transportation networks, boundary lines and the main socio-economic elements. The difference between it and the topographic map is mainly manifested in: map projection, amplitude, scale and representation of a certain degree of flexibility, the content of the representation than the same scale topographic map generalization, geometric accuracy is lower than the topographic map.
Topographic map (Topographic Map) refers to the national several basic scales (1:5000, 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, 1:1,000,000) of the full elements of the map. It is in accordance with the unified norms and symbols system measured (or compiled) system, comprehensive and exhaustive representation of a variety of geographic things, has a high geometric accuracy, to meet the needs of a variety of maps, is the basis for the construction of the country's information, but also the preparation of other maps of the original information.
Thematic Map is a map that focuses on the geographical distribution of one or several natural or socio-economic phenomena, or emphasizes the characteristics of one aspect of these phenomena. Thematic maps have a variety of themes and serve a wide range of audiences.
They can be further categorized as nature maps and.
6. Basics of Maps
I. What is a map A map is a spatial model that expresses the geographic distribution, combination and interconnection of cartographic objects (phenomena) and their changes in time by image-signs according to certain mathematical and synthesized laws, and it is a carrier of geographic information and a channel for information transfer.
II. Map cartography and its theoretical basis Map cartography is a discipline in the earth sciences. It is mainly a science that studies the essence of the map (nature, content and representation) development, cartographic theory and technical methods.
Its task is to obtain various types of high-speed and high-quality maps. It is the science of making maps.
The map is a special form of human understanding of the objective world, reflecting nature. The production of maps is not a mere technical problem, but a reflection of the ability and level of human awareness of the objective.
III. Map cartography and its components Introduction to maps: the study of the development of the law of maps, characteristics, and the nature of maps, classification, use, content and representation. Map projection: the study of map points on the plane of right-angle coordinates (or polar coordinates) and the earth's ellipsoid surface of the corresponding point of the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude coordinates) of the functional relationship between the study of the theory of projection, the nature of deformation, the law, the method of calculation of the projection of the discrimination and selection, and in the preparation of maps of different projections of the conversion problem.
Map Preparation: study the theory, technical methods and procedures of preparing maps with cartographic data. Cartography: the study of the theory and technology of drawing the original map suitable for the production and printing requirements of the publication.
Map finishing: study of the map content of the form of expression, such as color, lines, symbols, the design of the name of the map, geomorphological three-dimensional representation of the map production and printing: the study of reproduction of the map production process and related theories, technical methods, equipment, the nature of the material and the use of it. Map measurement: the study of map measurement direction, distance, area, volume and other methods and techniques.
Map Design: study of the editorial design of maps, the theoretical basis of map design and the theoretical basis for improving the expressiveness of maps. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Basic Concepts of Maps - Characteristics, Classification, Uses, Processes: [Back to Contents] [Previous] [Next] [Back to Main Page] I. Characteristics of maps Characteristics of maps include: measurability due to special mathematical laws; intuition due to the use of symbols to represent things; and overview due to cartographic synthesis.
II. Classification of maps i. According to the regional scope of classification: divided into the world map, national maps, sub-district maps, provincial maps, city and county maps, township maps, etc.; II. Classification by map content: divided into two main categories, ordinary maps and thematic maps. Ordinary maps are maps that represent the natural geography and socio-economic elements on the earth's surface in a relatively balanced level of detail (the basic elements include inhabited areas, transportation networks, water systems, landforms, realms, soil vegetation, etc.).
Which detailed representation of the basic elements of the ground is called topographic map; content is more general, but the main objective is very prominent to reflect the basic distribution of the elements of the map is called geographic map; between the two is called topographic geographic map. Thematic maps are ordinary maps as the base map basis, focusing on reflecting one or more specialized elements, according to the content elements can be divided into: natural geography, socio-economic maps and engineering and technology maps.
III. Classification by scale large-scale topographic maps: 1:5,000-1:25,000 scale topographic maps medium-scale topographic maps: 1:50,000-1:250,000 scale topographic maps small-scale topographic maps: 1:500,000-1:1,000,000 scale topographic maps Our country said that the 1:10,000, 1:2.5 million, 1:50,000, 1:100,000 We call 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000, 1:100,000, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, and 1:1,000,000 scale topographic maps. Related Content Conversion under the Functional Demonstration section and standard map frames in projection III. Uses of maps IV. Basic process of map production --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Mathematical basis of maps: [Back to contents] [Previous] [Next] [Back to home page] I. Earth ellipsoid The Earth is a very complex surface of the sphere, people hypothetical average stationary sea water surface formation of the "earth body" as a reference, deduced the approximate ellipsoid, theory and practice have proved that the ellipsoid is similar to an ellipsoid to the Earth's short axis as the axis of the ellipsoid and the rotating ellipsoid surface, this ellipsoid can be expressed by the mathematical formulas, will be the natural surface of the point normalized to the surface of the point of the surface of this ellipsoid. This ellipsoid can be expressed mathematically by normalizing the points on the natural surface to this ellipsoid, and then it can be calculated.
Some commonly used ellipsoids and parameters Hayford ellipsoid (1910) 52 years before the benchmark ellipsoid a = 6378388m b = 6356911.9461279m α = 0.33670033670 Krassovsky ellipsoid (1940 Krassovsky) 54 coordinate system benchmark ellipsoid in Beijing a = 6356863.01820m b = 6356245m b = 6356863.01820m b = 6356863.01820m a = 6356863.01820m 6356863.018773m α=0.33523298692 1975 I.U.G.G Recommended Ellipsoid (International Association of Geodesy 1975) Xi'an 80 coordinate system datum ellipsoid a=6378140m b=6356755.2881575m α=0.0033528131778 WGS-84 Ellipsoid (GPS) Global Positioning System ellipsoid, 17th IAG) WGS-84 GPS datum ellipsoid a=6378137m b=6356752.3142451m α=0.00335281006247 The position of any point on the ellipsoidal surface of the Earth can be determined by the latitude (B) and precision (L) of the point, i.e., the geographic coordinate value of the point on the ground is determined by the lines of longitude and latitude that The two sets of mutually orthogonal curvilinear coordinate nets are called geographic coordinate nets. The geographical coordinate system composed of latitude and longitude is also called the geographical coordinate system.
Geographic coordinates are divided into astronomical geographic coordinates and geodetic geographic coordinates Astronomical geographic coordinates are determined by astronomical measurements, geodetic geographic coordinates are determined by geodetic measurements. We use in the earth ellipsoidal surface of the geographical coordinate system belongs to the geodetic geographic coordinate system, referred to as the geodetic coordinate system Determine the size of the ellipsoid, but also for the ellipsoid orientation, that is, the rotating ellipsoid surface set in the earth in an appropriate position, this position is the geographic coordinate system of the "coordinates of the origin" is the entire geodetic coordinates calculation of the starting point, commonly known as the "geodetic origin", is the "geodetic coordinates". Commonly known as the "geodetic origin" II. Map projection is to solve the contradiction from the non-expandable ellipsoidal surface depicted on the plane, using geometric perspective or mathematical analysis, the points and lines on the Earth projected to the expandable surface (plane, garden column or cone), the expandable surface into a plane, the establishment of the plane of the points, lines and the Earth's ellipsoidal surface of the point, line of the corresponding relationship.
Related Content Conversions under the Functions Demonstration section.
7. Google satellite maps related to the use of knowledge, who has ah
Google satellite maps by the development of the positioning system
In the completion of the wireless search of the basic services and terminal market occupation, Google will be the center of the circle, began to develop to the depth. Such as Google satellite maps and the resulting development of the positioning system Google Latitude, this application, whether for individual users or business users, there will be unlimited space for imagination; in addition, life service search is also a major highlight of Google, from the weather to the housing, from the catering to the map, everything can be found through Google, no doubt to enhance the viscosity of individual users. Finally, the Google AdSense moved to the wireless Internet, it shows that Google's focus on wireless Internet advertising, with the development of 3G, the rapid increase in wireless Internet sites, Google AdSense in the wireless network advertising market is bound to
(03/20/2009 15:29:17) [View Details]
India Google satellite map version of the key buildings will be covered and other processing
According to foreign media reports, India is planning its own version of the "Google Earth", the Indian version of Google satellite maps products to provide a richer variety of information than Google Earth, at the same time, some security sources are concerned about the free provision of satellite maps may be ****************************************************************************************************. The Indian version of Google's satellite map product provides a wider variety of information than Google Earth, while some security sources are concerned that the free satellite maps may be utilized by ***.
The Indian version of Google Earth, called Bhuvan, is a web-based service provided by India's National Remote Sensing Center. The center's officials said
(03/20/2009 15:23:55) [View Details]
Google Satellite Maps Chinese version of the rich user experience
Google search engine has always been the first to put the user experience, and Google high-definition satellite maps are also the same to put the user experience in the first place. I remember the first time I used Google Satellite Maps, when I saw my familiar cities and buildings displayed in front of my eyes through the satellite map, it was really a great shock.
For the first time, I felt that maps can be played in this way; for the first time, I felt that my hometown is so close to me; and for the first time, I understood that satellite maps bring convenience to people's lives
(03/20/2009 15:19:24) [View Details]
Google Satellite Maps Rich Map
Rich Maps What does it mean? It's simple. Google's high-resolution satellite maps will give you a complete picture of the physical information in the area you're looking for. If you need to go somewhere, even if you've never been there before, the chances of getting lost are minimized when you use a map like this. Especially with Google Satellite Maps Chinese, you will easily find your destination.
(03/20/2009 15:15:54) [View Details]
Google Satellite Maps A living map
As anyone who has used Google Satellite Maps Chinese will know, one of the features of Google's high-resolution satellite maps is that they are continually updated with maps of the city or region you need to know. This is one of the most important features compared to traditional maps, as it makes you feel that the map will not fail and will not be unavailable for use.
(03/20/2009 15:13:18) [View Details]
Unique Google Satellite Maps
Those who are familiar with Google are no strangers to Google's high-resolution satellite maps. Usually, the maps we come across are flat, fixed, and rigid, with little rich content and functionality. Although online maps have sprung up in the past few years, with more features than ordinary maps, the lack of three-dimensionality and instant functionality still leaves something to be desired for the user.
8. Knowledge of artificial satellites
These strange stars are not planets in the universe, but rather artificial Earth satellites, which are the beacon of light that humans put up in the sky.
They roam the sky, shuttle back and forth, and faithfully serve mankind, adding life and vitality to the cold and silent universe. Artificial satellites are a thriving family, according to the use of points, it can be divided into three categories: scientific satellites, technical test satellites and application satellites.
Scientific satellites are used for scientific exploration and research satellites, including space physics exploration satellites and astronomical satellites, used to study the upper atmosphere, the Earth's radiation belts, the Earth's magnetosphere, cosmic rays, solar radiation, etc., and can observe other stars. Technical test satellites are satellites that carry out new technology tests or tests for application satellites.
There are many new principles of space technology, new materials, new instruments, whether they can be used, must be tested in the sky; a new satellite performance, only to launch it to the sky to the actual "exercise", the test can only be applied after the success of the application; people in the sky before the first animal testing! ...... These are the missions of technical test satellites. Application satellites are satellites that directly serve mankind, it is the most varied, the largest number, including: communication satellites, meteorological satellites, reconnaissance satellites, navigation satellites, geodesic satellites, Earth resources satellites, interception satellites and so on.
Man-made satellite orbit (in addition to near-Earth orbit) is usually three kinds of orbit: geosynchronous orbit, sun-synchronous orbit, polar orbit. The geosynchronous orbit is a prograde orbit with the same period as the Earth's rotation.
But there is a very special type of orbit called geostationary orbit. This orbit has a zero inclination and is 35,786 kilometers above the Earth's equator.
It appears to people on the ground that satellites operating in this orbit are stationary. Generally communication satellites, broadcasting satellites, meteorological satellites choose this orbit is more favorable.
There are countless geosynchronous orbits, but only one geostationary orbit. Sun-synchronous orbit is the orbit plane rotating around the Earth's rotation axis, the same direction as the direction of the Earth's rotation, the rotational angular velocity is equal to the average angular velocity of the Earth's rotation (360 degrees / year) of the orbit, which is not more than 6000 kilometers from the Earth's altitude.
Satellites orbiting in this orbit pass through the same latitude in the same direction at the same local time. Meteorological satellites, Earth resource satellites generally use this orbit.
Polar orbit is an orbit with an inclination of 90 degrees Celsius, in which satellites pass over the Earth's poles every time they orbit, allowing them to look down on the entire surface of the Earth. Meteorological satellites, Earth resources satellites, reconnaissance satellites often use this orbit.
Don't look at the artificial satellite is not big, five organs can be complete it! Its general system has a structure, temperature control, attitude control, energy, tracking, telemetry, remote control, communications, orbit control, antenna and other systems, return satellite and recovery system, in addition to a variety of specialized systems set up according to the needs of the task.
9. What are the main features of satellite maps
Satellite maps, referred to as satellite map, the exact method of satellite remote sensing images, also known as satellite imagery. The so-called remote sensing, that is, remote perception. Satellite remote sensing that is, through the satellite in space to detect the Earth's surface objects on the electromagnetic wave reflection and its emission of electromagnetic waves, so as to extract the information of these objects, complete the long-distance identification of objects. The image obtained by converting and recognizing the information of these waves is the satellite map.
Compared with ordinary line drawing maps, satellite maps have distinctive features: First, the image is rich in details to show the geographical appearance of the region, than the simple use of line drawing maps are rich in information, real and intuitive, vivid image, rich in expressive power. The second is to use simple line symbols and notes to indicate that the image can not be displayed or need to calculate the features, to make up for the lack of purely image representation of features, thus reducing the workload of mapping, shortening the cycle of map formation.
I usually use 1010earth to view satellite maps, which are updated on a daily basis and are very high resolution.
I usually use 1010earth to view satellite maps.