The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that connects things, is an emerging strategic industry in China, and is the trend of future development. The following is my carefully recommended thesis on the Internet of Things technology, I hope you can feel something!

The paper on the Internet of things technology I: Internet of things technology

Abstract The Internet of things is the network of things connected, people and people, people and things, things and things are interconnected into a network. Internet of things technology is today's cutting-edge technology, is China's emerging strategic industries, is the trend of future development. Internet of things technology is currently in its infancy, but all countries attach great importance to and as a strategic industry to research and development. This paper discusses the Internet of Things technology from four aspects: the origin of the Internet of Things, the characteristics of the Internet of Things, the types of the Internet of Things, and the composition of the Internet of Things.

Keywords: Internet of Things; characteristics; composition; key technologies

First, the origin of the Internet of Things

The concept of Internet of Things first appeared in 1995 in Bill Gates's "The Road to the Future" book, in which Bill Gates has already mentioned the concept of Internet of Things, just at that time did not cause people to pay attention to the concept of Internet of Things. 1998, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) created the concept of the Internet of Things, which is the most important technology for the development of the Internet of Things. , the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) creatively proposed what was then called the EPC system? Internet of Things? The concept of the Internet of Things; in 1999, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first clearly put forward the concept of the Internet of Things. Internet of things? The concept of the Internet of Things is to connect all items through radio frequency identification (RFID) and other information sensing equipment with the Internet, can realize intelligent identification and management of the network. 2005 November, the International Telecommunication Union in Tunisia at the Summit on the Information Society released the "ITU Internet Report 2005: The Internet of Things", formally put forward the concept of the Internet of Things.

In November 2009, Wen Jiabao delivered an important speech, "Let Science and Technology Lead China's Sustainable Development,"? China should focus on breakthroughs in the sensor network, the Internet of Things key technologies, early deployment of post-IP era related technology research and development, so that the information network industry to promote industrial upgrading, towards the information society? engine? , thus the Internet of Things as China's emerging strategic industries.

The Internet of Things is based on the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification, sensing devices and wireless communications and other technologies, to construct a cover everything in the world of the "Internet of Things"; that is, the name of the English name for the "Internet of Things", referred to as the IOT. In this network, the items can be with each other to carry out the "exchange". Communication. without human intervention. In essence, the use of RFID and other technologies, through the computer Internet to realize the automatic identification of items and information interconnection and **** enjoy.

Second, the characteristics of the Internet of Things

(1) Networking: networking is the basis of the Internet of Things. Whether wired, wireless or private network to transmit information, must rely on the network, and must be connected to the Internet, so as to form a fully meaningful Internet of Things. (2) Interconnection: the Internet of things is a large integration containing a variety of network, access, application technology, but also a platform for people and people, people and things, things and things to communicate with each other; compared with the Internet, the Internet of things has a stronger openness, and should be able to accept new equipment at any time to provide new services and applications, i.e., the Internet of things has the ability to self-organization and self-adaptation. (3) IOT: Computers and computers are connected into the Internet to realize the communication between people. And the Internet of Things is to realize the people connected, things connected, by installing sensors or micro-sensor chips on objects, with the help of computer networks, so that people and objects to carry out ? dialog? and? communication? (4) Perception: The Internet of Things cannot be separated from sensing devices. Radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, laser scanners and other information sensing devices, just as the visual, auditory and olfactory organs are important for human beings, they are the key equipment essential to the Internet of Things. (5) Automation: The Internet of Things automatically collects data through sensor devices; automatically processes the collected data using software according to pre-set processing rules; automatically exchanges and communicates data; and automatically monitors and manages objects. Generally no human intervention is required. (6) Intelligent: Internet of Things integrates computer network technology, wireless communication technology, microprocessor technology and sensor technology, etc., from its ? automation? ,? Sensitization? and other characteristics, has been able to show that it can represent people, instead of people? Reasonable analysis of objective things, judgment and purposeful action and effectively deal with the surrounding environment?

Third, the composition of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things mainly consists of the following subsystems, some of which may only include a part of these subsystems.

(1) Telecommunication network: the information transmission in IoT is unique compared to the transmission of text, voice, pictures, and images used in daily life, and most of the information transmission in IoT is the transmission of small and extra-large amounts of data. As small as sending only a few bits per month, such as electric power meter reading; as large as continuously sending large images, such as traffic monitoring, while the medium data volume of information transmission is rare. This puts forward new requirements for the communication network, the need to introduce new communication standards and new access technologies to adapt to the Internet of Things a variety of communication needs, to realize the efficient communication of the Internet of Things. Existing communication networks are mainly cable, optical fiber, radio, microwave, satellite, Bluetooth, infrared, WiFi, mobile communication, etc. (2) Sensors: Sensors can change some changes in physical quantities into changes in electrical signals, collect information, and make responses. For example, microphone and speaker are a pair of voice sensors. Sensors can be sound, light, electricity, weight, density, hardness, humidity, temperature, pressure, vibration, speed, image, voice and so on. (3) Electronic tags: Electronic tags are used to identify each object in the Internet of Things. Existing electronic tags mainly include RFID, barcode, two-dimensional code, IC card, magnetic card and so on. (4) Data processing: The data collected by the Internet of Things through sensing devices must be processed by computer software in order to meet the different needs of users and realize various purposes. These data processing often includes summary summation, statistical analysis, threshold judgment, data mining and various professional calculations. (5) Alarm system: sensing equipment collected data information may need to be directly alarmed or after computer software processing alarm, alarm forms are mainly sound, light, electricity (telephone, SMS) and so on. (6) display system: sensing equipment collected data information may need to be displayed directly or after the computer software to process the display, the common forms of display text, numbers, graphics, tables and so on.

Fourth, the key technologies of the Internet of Things

(1) sensing and identification technology

Sensing and identification technology, responsible for the collection of events and data occurring in reality, the realization of external information sensing and identification, is the basis of the Internet of Things, such as sensors, wireless positioning, radio frequency identification (high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency), two-dimensional code and so on.

(2) network and communication technology

Network is the most important infrastructure for IoT data transmission and service support, through the character interconnection, the interconnection of things, to realize the perception of information transmission with high reliability, high speed and high security. The realization of IoT involves near communication technology and remote communication technology. Near communication technology mainly involves RFID, Bluetooth, etc., and remote communication technology mainly involves Internet networking, gateway and other technologies. Including short-range wireless communication (zigbee, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc.), low-power wireless network technology, remote network, multi-network convergence.

(3) Computing and service technologies

Computing and processing of massive sensory information is the most important support for the Internet of Things, and services and applications are the ultimate value of the Internet of Things.

The computation and processing technology of mass sensory information is one of the major problems faced by IoT after the large-scale development of IoT applications. Need to overcome the massive sensory information data mining,, data fusion, efficient storage, parallel processing, knowledge discovery and other key technologies, research on the Internet of Things? Cloud computing? in virtualization, intelligence, distributed computing and grid computing and other technologies. The core is to use cloud computing technology to realize distributed processing and **** enjoyment of information storage and computing power, and provide technical support and guarantee for the efficient use of massive information.

Service computing. The development of the Internet of Things must be application-oriented in the ? Internet of Things? in which the connotation of service has been revolutionized and expanded, and a large number of new types of applications continue to emerge that will lead to a huge challenge to the service model of IoT and the development of applications, facing many opportunities, if still following the traditional technology route is bound to constrain the innovation of IoT applications. In order to adapt to future changes in the application environment and changes in the service model, it is necessary to study the standardization of different application requirements, open application support environment and service architecture and service-oriented computing technology.

(4) management and support technology

With the expansion of IOT applications and network scale, supporting the multiple and complexity of the business and the high demand for quality of service, affecting the normal stable and efficient operation of the IOT more and more factors, management and support technology is to ensure that the IOT is safe, efficient and controllable? The management and support technology is the key to ensure the safety, efficiency and controllability of IOT. s key, including measurement analysis, network management, IoT standards and security. It is necessary to study the new efficient IoT management model and key technologies, which can be used to ensure the normal, efficient and stable operation of the network system.

References:

[1]Introduction to the Internet of Things (Second Edition), edited by Liu Yunhao, August 2013, Science Press

[2]Internet of Things Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Wang Rulin, October 2011, Tsinghua University Publishing House

[3]Introduction to the Internet of Things Technology, edited by Zhang Feizhu, June 2010, Electronic Industry Publishing House

[4] The Origin and Development Trend of the Internet of Things, Tingjie Lu, April 2010, Information and Communication Technology

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