1, strengthen the construction of forest parks and protect forest resources.
The natural environment is composed of large and small ecosystems, which must be kept in relative balance. Forest is the largest ecosystem on land, and it is an important hub of material and energy exchange in nature, which has many effects on the above-ground, above-ground and underground environment. If the forest is cut down as a simple timber production base, it is a predatory management, regardless of the extremely important functions of vegetation to prevent environmental deterioration (water conservation, soil and water conservation, sand fixation and wind prevention, climate regulation, maintaining ecological balance, etc.). ), then the ultimate consequence of destroying forests will be human's own disaster. The disappearance of the kingdom of Babylon and the global warming effect have proved this.
Forest Park is a relatively independent eco-economic system formed during the development of social civilization. It is based on the principle of coordinated development of human, biology and environment, and aims at sustainable utilization of natural resources and improvement of ecological environment. The goal they pursue is to meet the needs of contemporary people, develop themselves and protect the ecological environment. It does not harm the development of future generations and provides an ideal regional environment for developing various eco-tourism activities on this basis. 1982, the first forest park, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, was established in China, which showed the charm of the forest park to the world with magical landforms and beautiful environment, and created a successful example of eco-tourism in China. By the end of 1996, different types have been established in China. Forest parks at all levels are 8 1 1, attracting more than 50 million tourists every year. With the increasing number of tourists in forest parks, there will inevitably be contradictions between tourism activities and ecological environment protection, resulting in environmental problems such as soil, vegetation, water quality and wildlife. In addition, most forest parks in China are established and developed on the basis of state-owned forest farms. Due to the change of management mode, this brings a problem of renewing ideas and improving forest value and ecological environment awareness. Therefore, effectively protecting the ecological environment and strengthening the construction of forest parks are important measures to ensure the sustainable development of ecotourism. China's resource protection should pay attention to the following two aspects:
(1) Strengthen ecological management to make it develop in a sustainable and coordinated way.
The forest is a whole. Besides wood, there are many other species in the forest. This is a complex system composed of many components. If deforestation is regarded as a simple timber production base and a predatory management, then we collect timber, but it worsens or even destroys the living environment of other resources, which is not worth the candle. Of course, we can't give full play to the full benefits of forest resources. But we haven't completely naturalized the forest. Natural forests will wither naturally. If you don't cut it and let it die, it's also a waste of resources. Therefore, under the premise of not excessively changing the forest structure, planned and selective mining should be carried out to realize the sustainable development of ecological, social and economic benefits. (2) Severely crack down on forest crimes.
1998 10 10/2 1 day, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the State Forestry Administration, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Supervision jointly issued the Notice on Launching a Special Struggle to Severely Combat Illegal and Criminal Activities of Destroying Forest Resources. Through the hard work of forest public security organs and departments at all levels throughout the country, a number of criminals have been cracked down. Some damaged and long-occupied woodlands have been restored. By the end of February, the national forest public security organs had investigated and dealt with 26,369 cases of all kinds of forest wildlife, and cracked down on 28 criminals, including 79 criminal detentions and 6,865,438 arrests. Recovered direct economic losses of 29.28 million yuan for the country, confiscated 4,6351m3 of wood, 209,365 wild animals and recovered 58,305 mu of forest land, with remarkable results. However, several outstanding problems of public security in forest areas have not been fundamentally solved, some grass-roots units and cadres have a weak legal concept, and deforestation and indiscriminate occupation of forest land still occur from time to time. After the crackdown, criminals still committed crimes against the wind. For example, about 1 ton of protected animals are still transported from the urban area to other provinces every month in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Illegal logging, looting of state-owned trees, illegal transportation and trading of timber are still very serious in some areas; In some areas, local protectionism is serious and the crackdown on forest crimes is not strong enough. Therefore, in view of the above situation, we must strengthen forest legislation, strengthen legal publicity and education, and protect forests according to law. As long as the law is strictly enforced and the crackdown is intensified, forestry construction will be fundamentally guaranteed.
2. Unified planning and orderly development
Doing a good job in tourism development planning and implementing the idea of resource and environmental protection is not only a guarantee for successful development, but also an important measure to prevent the destruction of resources and environment. Therefore, when making the overall planning of tourist areas, it is necessary to seriously investigate the geological resources, biological resources and various resources related to environmental quality in tourist areas, so as to make full preparations for the environmental damage caused by tourism activities and take active measures. Eliminate or reduce pollution sources and strengthen environmental quality monitoring. In order to ensure the high-grade environmental quality of eco-tourism, the related construction of tourist areas must follow the principle of graded, moderate and orderly development, and no development behavior harmful to nature is allowed. Environmental impact assessment should be carried out for each project, and the scale, quantity, color, material, shape and style of service facilities should be strictly controlled from the ecological point of view, and attention should be paid to natural landscape and local materials should be advocated. Reflect the beauty of nature according to the situation, and resolutely stop those projects that stimulate economic growth with high investment, high pollution and high consumption. Economic development can be carried out on a large area of land outside the scenic spot. Even with the tourism in the scenic spot, its main service facilities can be built on the periphery of the scenic spot. Ancient and modern famous mountains, scenic spots and national parks are places for spiritual activities rather than economic places. In ancient China, there were "towns" under the Five Mountains. "Town" is specialized in providing service facilities. In the Song Dynasty, it was forbidden to chop wood within 7 miles of Mount Tai Fiona Fang. The Yuan Dynasty banned chopping wood in Culai Mountain, 40 miles away, all to protect Mount Tai. The United States stipulates that commercial development should be outside national parks. Since its establishment, Yellowstone National Park has not only banned hunting and logging, but also moved the Indian natives living in it. The area of German Alps National Park has reached more than 300. There is not a ropeway in the park, but there are several ropeways outside the park. We can learn from these fine traditions of functional distinction, local scenery and business outside the region. For example, if the tourist facilities are built at the foot of the mountain and the ropeway is not built on the mountain, tourists will definitely stay in hotels at the foot of the mountain. The local accommodation and catering costs will definitely be higher than that of the ropeway, and tourists will be scattered everywhere. Under the guidance of the theory of sustainable development, under the condition that the existing ecological technology, financial conditions and people's awareness of environmental protection cannot meet the requirements of maintaining ecological balance, precious ecological resources must be left to future generations, not exhausted. The research on environmental capacity of tourist areas should be strengthened. Before the environmental capacity of tourist areas is determined, the development speed of tourism must be controlled. For some key protected scenic spots, we must prevent tourists from entering too much, and even the general tourist areas should strictly control the attraction of tourists. Because the environmental capacity is limited, the damage is easy to repair. Once tourism exceeds the environmental capacity and causes huge environmental damage, it is difficult or even uncontrollable.
3, enhance environmental awareness, strengthen the concept of legal system.
In view of the special impact and cumulative damage of tourism as an industry on the environment, eco-tourism must strengthen environmental legislation and management, strictly enforce the law, abide by China's Environmental Protection Law, Forest Law, Cultural Relics Protection Law, Wildlife Protection Law and other environmental protection laws and regulations closely related to tourism, and add supplementary provisions for the potential, sustained and cumulative impact of tourism on the environment. For example, increase the environmental protection tax of tourism for the management of repairing the damaged environment. Local governments and tourism-related departments should conscientiously study and implement relevant laws and regulations, and enhance their legal concepts, such as the development of ecological protection areas, which parts are strictly prohibited from development according to environmental laws, which parts can be developed, the scale of development, the opening season, and the number of people who can receive them. For example, specify which areas are forbidden to carry kindling. It is forbidden to kill and destroy trees, and it is forbidden to throw away garbage and daily necessities. Sanctions should be strengthened against those who violate natural resources laws, so that they can bear corresponding civil and criminal responsibilities.
Ideology is more important than laws and regulations. China is weak in ecological planning and ecological education of ecotourism. The main purpose of tourism is to make profits and generate income. Many tourist areas have started to operate without environmental impact assessment at all. In tourist attractions, billboards promoting ecological awareness are rarely set up, and the issue of ecological moral education is rarely touched in the speeches of tour guides. Most of the cadres and tour guides in the tourism industry have not received systematic ecological education and ecological moral education. Therefore, when we advocate eco-tourism, we must establish the idea of ecological protection first, strengthen publicity and education, and change the concept of the whole people. The specific measures are: first, through legislation, the environmental impact assessment and countermeasures of tourist areas should be truly implemented in every scenic spot, requiring all tourism managers and tour guides to receive systematic ecological education; Tourism is a smokeless industry, and there is a lack of understanding of the concept of "renewable tourism resources" and the environmental impact assessment of tourism development, and the tourism environment is regarded as the life and image of tourism. From the strategic perspective of sustainable development, the goal and foothold of developing tourism is to ensure the tourism needs of contemporary and several generations, and to do a good job in various specific tasks of environmental protection under the guidance of this idea. Second, ecological education and ecological moral education should be included in the national education plan, and this educational content should be added to the national education of primary schools, middle schools and universities, so that our future generations can pay attention to the sustainable utilization of natural resources, care for nature and human landscapes, protect wild animals and plants, understand and love nature, do ecological good and evil, do ecological conscience and do ecological justice from an early age. Ecological obligation has become the conscious behavior and moral standard of young people. Third, make full use of lively tourist universities to make the whole process of eco-tourism become the whole process of eco-education and eco-moral education, so that tourists can arouse green passion, green pleasure and green thinking and experience the harmony of nature. The traditional culture of "harmony between man and nature" has achieved the purpose of loving nature, learning from nature and enlightening life. Accept ecological education and ecological moral education in nature, so that every tourist can start from himself and protect every little thing of nature.