1. Dialects related to Northeastern dialects are as follows.

2. The living fossils of the history, culture, and customs of the Northeastern ethnic minorities are witnesses of the integration of various ethnic groups in the Northeast.

The formation and characteristics of Northeastern dialects:

1. Transliterated words in spoken language: Northeastern region is inhabited by Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Hezhe, Ewenki, Oroqen, Daur, Xibe, Korean and other ethnic groups. After hundreds of years of mutual integration, these ethnic groups have gradually formed the unique customs and customs of the Northeast, and have retained countless words that reflect the customs and culture of ethnic minorities. When Chinese absorbs the languages ??of these ethnic groups, they have similar pronunciation and meaning. principles, transform them, and then put them in the coat of Chinese characters, so that they can legitimately settle down in the Chinese language. For example: "Hala" in Manchu means that meat and oil have gone bad; "Lahu" in Manchu means neglect in case of trouble. Jilin is the abbreviation of "Jilin Ula" in Manchu, "Jilin" means "along" and "Ula" means It is "Jiang", named after it is on the bank of Songhua River; Karen - border guard post, Xibe language.

2. Misunderstanding of orthographic characters: Due to differences caused by asynchronous development and backward transmission methods, many orthographic characters have been misunderstood during communication and have become dialects by convention. For example, "mother" is a misreading of "we"; "ganha" is a misreading of "gansha"; "jinmen" is a misreading of "aunt"; and so on.

3. Polysemy: Polysemy is also a way of forming Northeastern dialects. For example, "thief" means a thief in Mandarin, but in Northeastern dialect it means "very, special"; "thief is good" does not mean that the thief is good, but means "very good"; "thief is beautiful" does not mean that the thief is good The thief is beautiful, which means "extremely beautiful".

"Duzi" is a derogatory word in Northeastern dialect, close to the meaning of "bastard", but in different language environments, the meaning is also different. For example, "duzi" is not a bastard, but a bastard.