The population of Buyi nationality in Guizhou province accounts for more than 97% of the total population of Buyi nationality in China, and it is the main settlement of Buyi nationality. They mainly live in two Buyi and Miao autonomous prefectures in Qiannan and Southwest Guizhou, as well as Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County, Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County and Ziyun Miao and Buyi Autonomous County where Anshun Huangguoshu Waterfall is located. There are more than 65,438 Buyi people in Guiyang, Panxian, Liuzhi and zhijin county in Liupanshui, and Buyi people outside the province are scattered in Yunnan, Sichuan and northern Vietnam. Buyi language belongs to the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family and has its own ancient script. The Latin Buyi language came into being in 1950s. Buyi people mainly rely on agriculture, and Baiyue people, the ancestors of Buyi people, first invented rice cultivation and made important contributions to the world rice civilization. Enjoy the title of "America". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the social productive forces in Buyi areas were quite developed.
Buyi people evolved from the ancient Liao people, and were called "Southwestern People" in the Tang Dynasty, "Fanman" and "Zhongman" in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "Zhongman" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and "Zhongjia", "Shuihu", "Yi", "Tubian", "Local" and "Around Home" in the Republic of China.
The gods
The primitive religious beliefs of Buyi people mainly include nature worship, totem worship, ancestor worship and witchcraft. Buyi people believe in ancestors and various gods, which may be the remnants of animistic primitive religious beliefs and also reflect some consciousness characteristics of ancient farming people.
On February 2nd, Buyi people will offer sacrifices to the "land gods" to keep the whole village safe, kill chickens to worship their ancestors, eat two-color (white and black) glutinous rice, and offer sacrifices to the land gods, land gods and mountain gods on June 6th. After the sacrifice, they will dip chicken blood in various paper flags, or make big birds and insert them in various fields.
thick black ink
Mohism is still the traditional religion believed by most Buyi people, and it is a quasi-artificial religion between primitive religion and theological religion. Muslim religion has a special religious occupation-Bumo, which is divided into Bumo and Moya [8]. Buyi people call them Lao Mo or Mo Gong.
Mohist school not only has a relatively complete sacrifice classic-The Book of Mohism (known as one of the "Five Treasures of Cloth"), but also has a relatively fixed and standardized religious etiquette. In addition to performing certain religious rituals, sacrificial activities should be supplemented by reading Mohist Scriptures. Mo Jing's books and records are vast, which can be roughly divided into many volumes, such as "Buried Classics" and "Ancient Xie Classics". And all kinds of miscellaneous classics to ward off evil spirits and pray for blessings.
One legend is that ...
The myths and legends of Buyi nationality are rich and colorful. Oral literature, such as myths, stories, fairy tales, fables, proverbs and poems, which are widely circulated among the people, narrates the ancient national history, praises the people's diligence and courage, exposes the darkness and cruelty of the old society, and looks forward to the happiness and light of the new society. It has a wide range of themes, beautiful artistic conception, healthy content, vivid language and imagination. Myths and legends such as High Tide Day, Twelve Suns, Hussey Macy Made a Man's Smoke, Shooting the Sun Indefinite, Ye Man Searching for Grain Seeds, and The Legend of Huangguoshu Waterfall are all well-known works.
Buyi language used by Buyi people belongs to the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is actually the same language as the northern dialect of Zhuang language.
Due to the long-term cultural contact and exchange between Buyi and Han, there are a large number of Chinese loanwords in Buyi vocabulary system. Buyi language has a complete phonetic system, rich vocabulary and expressive grammatical structure. Although the Buyi nationality has a large population and a wide living area, its language is only divided into dialects, regardless of dialects. Buyi language is relatively consistent internally, with little difference, and can be roughly divided into three dialect areas according to phonetic characteristics.
First mother tongue area
The population is the largest, mainly distributed in southwestern Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and southern Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and it can directly talk with Guibian dialect and Guibei dialect of Zhuang language in northern Guangxi. The standard phonetic point of Buyi language is Wangmo Buyi language in the first mother tongue area.
Second mother tongue area
Secondly, users are mainly distributed in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Guiyang suburbs. They can talk directly with the first dialect area, which is very close to the Zhuang language in northern Guangxi.
Third mother tongue area
The population is the least, mainly distributed in Zhenning, Guanling, Ziyun, Qinglong, Pu 'an, Liuzhi, Panxian, Shuicheng, Bijie and Weining in Guizhou Province. The pronunciation of this dialect area has its own unique characteristics, but it can also communicate with the first dialect and the second dialect.
On March 3, 20 12, experts and scholars of Buyi and Zhuang culture reached a "Wangmo Consensus" and decided to make joint efforts to open a "Buyi-Zhuang satellite channel" to protect and inherit the precious mother tongue culture shared by the two ethnic groups.
Ancient writing
The ancient Chinese characters of Buyi people are divided into three types: square type, pinyin type and symbol type.
music
The culture and art of Buyi nationality are colorful. Traditional dances include bronze drum dance, weaving dance, lion dance and sugar bag dance. Traditional musical instruments include suona, Qin Yue, flute, konoha and flute. Di Opera and Lantern Opera are the favorite operas of Buyi people. Daqu and Xiaoqu are two kinds of singing forms with multi-voice structure that spread in southern Guizhou. Dish songs ask each other questions and ask questions randomly by singing. Astronomy, geography, mountains and rivers, flowers and plants can all enter the song. Folk oral literature includes myths, legends, stories, fables, proverbs and poems. Cloth woven by farmers themselves has long enjoyed a good reputation. Enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and national craft clothing have been established one after another, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and America. The music of Buyi people in southwest Guizhou "eight-tone sitting singing" is known as "the living fossil of sound" and "the sound of nature".
prescribe a diet
Buyi people take rice and corn as the staple food, supplemented by wheat, sorghum, potatoes and beans. There are wooden pots, cauldrons for cooking, braised rice in oil, two-in-one rice (rice mixed with crushed corn, also called corn rice), corn rice cakes, rice noodles, two rice cakes, pea powder, rice tofu and other varieties. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice dumplings and sesame oil dumplings are the most famous, which are mostly used for ancestor worship or banquets.
Their meat mainly comes from livestock and poultry, and they also like to prey on squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo worms. Cooking methods are mostly burning, boiling, frying, frying, salting and freezing, and generally do not eat raw food.
Wine plays an important role in the daily life of Buyi people. After the autumn harvest every year, every household will brew a lot of rice wine and store it for drinking all year round. Buyi people like to entertain guests with wine. No matter how much you drink, as long as you arrive, you always take the wine first. This is called "welcome wine". When drinking, use bowls instead of cups, guess fists and sing.
Buyi people have many traditional snacks, good at making rice noodles, two pieces of rice cakes, pea powder, rice tofu and so on. Buyi people are generous and hospitable, which is characterized by grand festivals such as February 2nd, March 3rd, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6th, July 30th and Mid-Autumn Festival. On April 8, many Buyi people dyed glutinous rice into colorful flowers with various plant branches and leaves such as Liquidambar formosana leaves, yellow rice flowers and dyed flowers.
well-behaved
Buyi people are hospitable, generous and sincere. Anyone who comes to the cottage, relatives and friends of old friends and strangers, will treat each other with wine. Buyi people are very polite and don't welcome abusive and rude guests.
Buyi families live separately. However, despite the separation of brothers, when distributing property, parents should be left to support the old-age fields, and brothers should take turns farming. After the death of parents, the old-age field became a graveyard for tomb sweeping. So that future generations will always remember the trust and kindness of their elders.
marriage customs
Buyi marriage is independent. When picking up relatives, you should sing the right songs, commonly known as sister songs. On the night of the bride's arrival at the man's house, there will be an activity of singing and asking for her purse, and there is a saying that "one night's purse and one night's song" [1]. Traditional festivals include March 3rd, April 8th, June 6th, Eating New Year's Day, July 30th and so on. March 3rd is a traditional grand festival of Buyi people. Rice cultivation began on the third day of the third lunar month, offering sacrifices to mountain gods, land gods, ancestor gods and rice spirits, and making five-color glutinous rice for sacrifice. In the southwest of Guizhou, young men and women will gather in the "Tea Pigeon Farm" to play folk songs, with thousands to tens of thousands of participants. Many unmarried young men and women get to know each other, fall in love and make a lifelong commitment by blowing leaves and singing.