As far as the west is concerned, it is said that when Alexander the Great made an expedition to Egypt around the 4th century BC, he preserved the winter snow in the Alps and used it to freeze and eat fruit or juice, thus enhancing the morale of soldiers. It is also recorded that Palestinians use ice and snow in caves or canyons to drive away the heat. Among all kinds of statements, the most convincing one started with China. 1292, after traveling in China, Kyle Poirot wrote "Oriental Notes", which recorded that he brought his favorite formula of frozen milk back to Venice and spread it in northern Italy. The traditional frozen food from the East was introduced to the West by Kyle Poirot, and further developed and industrialized, thus giving birth to today's ice cream.
The frozen milk that China began to eat a long time ago was introduced to the west by Kyle Poirot, but it is as popular all over the world as it is today. At about 1660, it was the first coffee shop to open in Paris. After Italian Cotelli mixed orange juice and lemon juice to make juice, he frozen the juice and sold it.
But at this time, the product has large ice crystals, which are closer to frozen juice than ice cream. The first product with small and soft ice crystals like today was made by 1774, the chef of King Louis of France.
It's called cream ice at this time. Later, with the widespread use of concentrated milk, condensed milk, milk powder and other raw materials, it began to be called ice cream. Then, ice cream was introduced to Britain and America through France, and was gradually recognized by people.
★ 185 1 year, in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Jacob forssell industrialized ice cream.
He set up a factory in Baltimore, USA, and started mass production of ice cream. With the help of 1899 homogenizer, 1902 circulating refrigerator and 19 13 continuous refrigerator, the industrialization of ice cream has developed rapidly all over the world.
On the other hand, ice cream cones made their debut at the 1904 World Expo in St. Louis.
In the first century BC, the Greek king Alexander led an army into Persia (now Iran). In Iran, due to the intense heat, some soldiers suffered from heatstroke, which greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of the troops.
"What can I do? Yes, go to the mountain and get some snow! "
The soldiers mixed fruit juice and grape juice into the snow, stirred them and drank them all at once.
"It's so comfortable!"
Later, when the Roman emperor Nero was in the heat, he also learned the method invented by Alexander, and asked his servants to retrieve ice and snow from the nearby mountains and add honey and juice to quench their thirst. This is a precedent for ice cream making.
The real making of ice cream with cream began in China. 1295, Kyle, an official in China Yuan Dynasty? Polo brought back an iced food formula of fruit, snow and milk from China to Italy, which made a new breakthrough in cold drinks in Europe.
1550 or so, Italians put ice and snow in a basin, and then put wine or juice in the ice and snow to cool it to clear away heat and relieve summer heat.
There is a Nancy in 1846? Johnson's people invented the crank ice cream machine. When making, add some salt or potassium nitrate to the ice and snow to lower the temperature of the ice and snow, and then add milk, eggs, sugar and so on. Put it in a small bucket and keep stirring. After a while, the ice cream will be ready. From then on, people can make ice cream at home. 1904 in San Diego, USA? During the World Expo in Lewis, some people folded pancakes baked with eggs, milk and flour into cones and put ice cream in them for participants to taste. Soon, this kind of ice cream cone became popular all over the world.
Looking back at history, 2000 BC ... history.
The history of ice cream
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to make ice in summer.
In the Song Dynasty, merchants began to add fruit or juice to cold food.
In the Yuan Dynasty, some people even added fruit pulp and milk to ice.
4. 13 century, Kyle? Poirot brought the method of making ice cream to Italy, and the Italians spread it to France. The French invented a semi-solid ice cream-mixing cream, milk and spices, and carving patterns to make the ice cream more colorful and delicious.
At this point, there are more and more kinds of ice cream and it has become a kind of food that everyone likes.
In the overwhelming cold advertisements in hot summer, there is always an ice cream that makes your heart beat. It is there, always full of temptation and irreplaceable.
The method of making ice cream was not brought to Italy by Italian traveler Kyle Polo until the 3rd century. Later, an Italian named Xia Erxin added orange juice and lemon juice to the recipe brought back by Kyle Polo, which was called "Xia Erxin" drink.
1553, when the late king Henry II of France got married, he invited an Italian chef who could make ice cream. His innovative ice milk opened the eyes of the French. Later, a brave Italian introduced ice cream to France. 1560, the personal chef of Queen Catherine of France invented a semi-solid ice cream to change the queen's taste. He mixed cream, milk and spices and carved patterns to make the ice cream more colorful and delicious.
Ice cream may have developed from flavored water ice. In the 4th century BC, Alexander I frozen his wine with ice and snow. In 62 AD, the Roman emperor Nero sent his slaves to the mountains to collect ice and snow, and frozen them with pulp and honey. Among the many discoveries of Kyle's trip to the Far East, there is a recipe for frozen dessert including milk.
Although these early mixtures are very similar to ice, frost and dew, they have a far-reaching impact on the production of ice cream. The fact that ice cream first appeared in Europe in the16th century has been accepted by the public. However, no one has been confirmed to have found this delicious food.
The first record of ice cream appeared in Britain in 1769. /kloc-In the mid-9th century, edin dzeko Fussell, a milk distributor in Bartimo, decided to treat his surplus cream by making ice cream. Soon he found that his ice cream business was far more profitable than the milk business, so he made ice cream with all his equipment and opened several other ice cream factories. Today, he is regarded as an American wholesaler.
1, foreign situation
The development of cold drinks must start with the development of refrigeration technology. The Englishman Ferchen first invented refrigeration technology. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, he made the world's first compressor with ether as refrigerant. With the early British colonists entering the United States, he also brought the technology of making ice cream into the United States. 185 1 year, an ice cream factory was built in America. During the period of 1860- 1872, French cabbage, Bora of the United States and Linde of Germany successively invented compressors with ammonia as refrigerant, and the production technology of frozen storage and frozen drinks changed fundamentally for a long time. Swede Laval invented the thin cream separator, which played a decisive role in the production of high-fat ice cream. 1890, American babcock invented the pasteur fat bottle. It promotes the detection of fat content in milk, thin cream and ice cream. 1909- 19 12, the Frenchman Goering made the first high-pressure homogenization pump, which played a key role in improving the texture and expansion rate of ice cream. 19 17, Jonnier Brothers Company of England invented the technology of measuring the expansion rate of ice cream, which played a guiding role in improving the expansion rate. At 1920, the taste and nutritional value of ice cream were generally recognized, and since then, ice cream has become very popular with the public. 192 1 year, Japan began to produce American ice cream; From 65438 to 0926, the American Food Research Institute made further research on the sterilization method of the mixture, and because of the improvement of cold storage, the development of transportation, the popularization of household refrigerators, the improvement of packaging, the establishment of chain sales network and the improvement of the ingredient standard of ice cream, consumers can buy ice cream everywhere, and cold drinks bloom everywhere in the world.
At present, the means of production have been controlled by computer and realized automation. Famous manufacturers specializing in the production of cold drink equipment in the world include GLACER and CREPAC0, members of APV Company in the United States, HOYER of Alfa Laval Group in Sweden, and MAKE Company in Italy. At present, the largest ice cream producer in the world is the United States, with an annual output of more than 8 million tons and a per capita income of more than 40 kilograms. In recent two years, the output of cold drinks in China has hovered around 6.5438+0.2 million tons, with a per capita of about 0.9 kg, which is far from developed countries and has a bright future.
2. Domestic situation
The development of cold drink industry in China can be roughly divided into four stages.
The first stage (1927- 1950)
From 65438 to 0927, Haining Sheng, an American businessman, set up Haining Foreign Firm in Shanghai to produce popsicles by mechanical means, which was the driest cold drink manufacturer in China. At that time, the product was cylindrical, and the daily output was only 2000-3000. 1932, the factory changed the popsicle mold into a flat shape. In addition to fruit flavor, popsicle varieties also produce red beans, mung bean popsicles, 2000g canned ice cream, 320g tricolor and vanilla ice cream, bicolor paper cups and purple ice cream.
/kloc-sold the factory to the pseudo-logistics department (now Yimin Food Factory No.1) in 0/948, and then made a joint venture with Jardine Egg Factory in Britain to continue to produce the above products with the registered trademark of "Meipai". This class produces popsicles and ice cream 12 tons, and more than 2 tons of ice cream. This is the largest cold drink factory in China before liberation, and its output accounts for more than 70% of the whole country.
The second stage (195 1- 1980)
The cold drink food industry has expanded to all parts of the country, and technical exchanges have been carried out throughout the country. The annual output of cold drinks has reached about 80 thousand tons, which can be called the stage of production development and technical exchange.
The third stage (198 1- 1990)
Many manufacturers introduced foreign advanced equipment and increased varieties, with an annual output of 544,000 tons. At this stage, technology introduction and technical consultation are quite active, which can be called extensive exchange and innovation.
The fourth stage (199 1- now)
Foreign investors invest in China, set up joint ventures, set up joint ventures and set foot in private enterprises, with an annual output of 6,543,800 tons and more than 3,000 varieties. This stage can be called the rapid development stage.
At present, the domestic cold drink market is divided into three parts: foreign-funded enterprises occupy most of the high-end market, inherent enterprises occupy the middle end, and most township enterprises and private enterprises occupy the low-end market. Guangdong, Beijing and Shanghai are the three regions with the most concentrated production and sales, accounting for 25% of the national sales.