Background of bamboo slips.
The early characters were carved on Oracle bones and Zhong Ding, which were limited by their materials and were difficult to spread widely. So until the Shang Dynasty, only a few hundred people in the upper class mastered the writing, which greatly restricted the spread of culture and ideas, and all this was not changed until the appearance of bamboo slips.
The making process of bamboo slips
Modern: cutting, boiling, roasting, cutting bamboo, scraping, writing, drilling and weaving.
Ancient times: cutting, cutting, baking, writing, drilling and weaving.
The significance of bamboo slips
Bamboo slips are mostly bamboo pieces, each piece writes a line, and all the bamboo pieces of an article are woven together, which is called "bamboo slips". This is the earliest book form in ancient China, and the wood chips used for writing characters are called wooden slips, which are mostly used for writing short articles.
Bamboo slips are the main materials for ancient China ancestors to write books, documents and other text carriers before the invention of paper, and they are one of the oldest books in China. Bamboo slips, together with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Dunhuang suicide note and Ming and Qing archives, are listed as the four major discoveries of oriental civilization in the 20th century. At present, the study of bamboo slips has also formed a worldwide discipline at an alarming rate. It has opened up a brand-new field for the academic research of China's history and culture from many angles and fields, such as history, archaeology, ancient philology, philology and calligraphy. Bamboo slips appeared almost at the same time as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, and it was the most popular period from the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the invention of paper, bamboo slips and paper went hand in hand for hundreds of years, and it was not until Heng Xuan ordered it at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that the bamboo slip system ended.
The influence of bamboo slips
Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China, the main writing tool before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper, the cultural preservation and communication medium determined by our ancestors after repeated comparisons and difficult choices, and an important revolution in the history of media. For the first time, the characters were liberated from the small circle at the top of society and strode towards a broader society, which was magnificent. Therefore, bamboo slips have played a vital role in the spread of China culture. It is precisely because of its appearance that a hundred schools of thought contend, and the ideology and culture of celebrities such as Confucius and Laozi have been passed down to this day.
affect
Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China, and they were popularized before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper.
The main writing tools of the former are cultural preservation and media determined by our ancestors after repeated comparisons and difficult choices, which is an important revolution in the history of media. For the first time, the characters were liberated from the small circle at the top of society and strode towards a broader society, which was magnificent. Therefore, bamboo slips have played a vital role in the spread of China culture. It is precisely because of its appearance that a hundred schools of thought contend, and the ideology and culture of celebrities such as Confucius and Laozi have been passed down to this day.
Calligraphy value
Bamboo slips are important materials for studying Chu characters in the Warring States and calligraphy in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. In the pre-Qin era, writing was subordinate.
Use sex to be artistic. At this time, calligraphy was closely related to the changes of characters, and gradually improved from the naive stage, thus establishing a special position in the history of calligraphy in China. 1975 12000 bamboo slips with ink on them were unearthed from the Qin tomb in Yunmeng Crouching Tiger Land, Hubei Province. According to the archaeological materials, the characters on some wooden signs and bamboo slips in the Warring States and Qin Dynasties tend to simplify seal script, reduce strokes, change the font into square flat and use wave pen. This is the bud of official script. In the Western Han Dynasty, the elements of Li style in calligraphy were further increased. The silk painting "Lao Zi Jia Ben" unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha has obvious official meaning. The fonts of bamboo slips can be divided into four categories. The first category is common in Chu bamboo slips and silk books. The font structure is the true color of Chu characters, and the calligraphy style has the characteristics of tadpole writing, which can be said to be the standard font of Chu bamboo slips and silk books. The second category originated from the manuscripts of Qilu Confucian Classics, but was domesticated by Chu State, which formed the characteristics of "middle wealth and sharp beginning and end" with the brushwork of "bird and insect book", and was the original body of "ancient prose" contained in the Book of Songs, Han Bamboo Slips and Four Rhymes of Ancient Prose. The third pen is similar to seal script, similar to "ancient seal script"
"Closer, it should be the original appearance of Qilu Jing in the Warring States period; The fourth category most conforms to the characteristics of Qizi, retaining more physical structure and calligraphy style of Qizi. Bamboo method is beautiful in shape and suitable in density, which is of great value to the study of China's calligraphy history.
Simple book, "Only Yin Zu, there are books and classics."
There were ways to take notes on bamboo slips in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and many bamboo slips were found in the Warring States Period. Bamboo slips in the middle and late Warring States period include manuscripts, ancient books and divination records. The official scripts on Qin Muxie and Qin Bamboo Slips are square, rectangular and flat, and the strokes are fat, thin, rigid and soft, which are changeable. There are obvious ups and downs and waves in the point and surface, and there are differences between lightness, heaviness, illness and Xu in the pen, which is an extremely precious material for textual research on the development of official script.
Bamboo slips in the Warring States period were written by hand. The strokes of these characters are elastic, with sharp starting and ending points, middle or front.
Some parts are slightly thicker, which fully embodies the characteristics of writing with a brush. This is different from the stroke form of bronze inscriptions, which changes from late weight to beauty, and the strokes and styles are simpler than those of seal script. It can be seen that the early official script was popular long before Qin Shihuang popularized Xiao Zhuan. ""is a school of calligraphy in China in recent years (also known as "Bamboo Method"). This is a "Guli" style that imitates bamboo slips and silk scripts in Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, it imitates ancient calligraphy on bamboo chips, wood chips and silk fabrics in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, it uses a unique Chinese painting pigment to prepare ancient ochre yellow, and uses a blackboard brush to brush bamboo-like vertical bars on raw rice paper, and the font is written on this ochre "bamboo slip", which is quaint. Accurately grasping the moment of color change makes calligraphy get the beauty of "coloring with the class", which presents a lively image. Calligraphy art is integrated in the abstract commonness of pictures and texts. Let us appreciate the art of calligraphy, but also gallop in the space where colors and patterns bring us unlimited imagination.
1.1953 In July, 42 bamboo slips were unearthed from Yangtianhu Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, with a length of 22 cm and a width of 22 cm.
1.2 cm, seal script, 2- 10 characters per letter, belonging to the Warring States period.
2. 1972 Bamboo slips of Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War were discovered in Yinxingshan, Linyi, Shandong. About five thousand dollars.
3.197565438+February, more than 0 bamboo slips 1 100 were unearthed from the Qin tomb in Shuihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei. It belongs to the first year of King Qin Zhao (306 BC) to the thirtieth year of Qin Shihuang (2 17 BC).
Bamboo slips not only occupy an important position in the history of ancient culture and books, but also have an important influence on printing, especially in the form of scrolls.
The predecessor of the device was widely used in early block printing. Modern bamboo slips are more for collection and home use.
4.200 1 Hubei chutian green is carved on high-quality bamboo by laser carving. The font is meaningful and clear, the pen is vigorous and full of charm. Its bamboo slip pen holder and bamboo slip business card holder make bamboo slip technology very suitable for home decoration.
5.197565438+February, more than 0 bamboo slips 1 100 were unearthed from the Qin tomb in Shuihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei. The first year of King Qin Zhao (
From 306 BC to 30 years of Qin Shihuang (2 17 BC).
Bamboo slips are a form of books, in which characters, images or other specific symbols are written and drawn on pre-processed bamboo pieces. Origin of Bamboo Slips: The early characters were engraved in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhong Ding, and it was difficult to spread widely due to the limitation of their materials. Therefore, until the Shang Dynasty, only a hundred people in the upper class mastered writing, which greatly restricted the spread of culture and ideas, and all this was not changed until the appearance of bamboo slips.
Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China, the main writing tool before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper, the cultural preservation and communication medium determined by our ancestors after repeated comparisons and difficult choices, and an important revolution in the history of media. For the first time, the characters were liberated from the small circle at the top of society and strode towards a broader society, which was magnificent. Therefore, bamboo slips have played a vital role in the spread of China culture. It is precisely because of its appearance that a hundred schools of thought contend, and the ideology and culture of celebrities such as Confucius and Laozi have been passed down to this day. Expand your life and share leisure and excitement!
introduce
When words appeared in human society, books also appeared. The form of books at that time was completely different from that of modern books. If the concept of books is defined in this way, that is, people's experiences and events are recorded on certain objects in the form of words and images to facilitate their preservation and dissemination, then Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty is the earliest book. In addition, you can also carve words on leaves and bark. It is recorded in the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: "Tianzhu credentials were recorded in Bedouin leaves." This is what we call the Bayeux Sutra. In addition, bronze inscriptions cast on bronzes can also be called early books. In addition to Oracle bones, bronzes and stone carvings, there are many materials used to record characters in ancient times, such as pottery, bricks and hides, which have radiated brilliant brilliance in the history of human civilization. But it is closer to today's book form, starting with bamboo slips, and then silk books written on fabrics appear.
book
The real form of ancient books in China began with bamboo slips and wooden slips. The book forms and systems created by bamboo slips and wooden slips had a far-reaching impact on the later book culture. The units and terms of books such as "volume", "volume" and "compilation" have continued to this day. Bamboo slips and wooden slips are not exactly the same in form and use.
Bamboo slips are made of bamboo, with thin skin and long sections. First, the round bamboo is sawed into a certain length, then cut into a certain width, and then cut into a simple piece. Then woven with silk rope, hemp rope and thin leather strip into two simple pieces, which can be used for writing. Some people write first and then compile a book in order.
The skin of bamboo is not easy to ink. In order to write conveniently, the outermost skin of bamboo must be peeled off or written inside. The process of drying bamboo in the sun is called "fixing green"
Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China. As early as Shang Dynasty, there was the word "book" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which symbolized that a bundle of bamboo slips tied two books, while the word "code" in bronze inscriptions indicated that the book was on several books. It shows that the origin of Jane Eyre system can be traced back to Shang Dynasty, but its simple and continuous objects before the Warring States Period can't be found today. There are many records of orders and official documents conveyed by shallow reading in Zhou literature.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was an academic situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended, and bamboo slips became the main form of various books. At this time, there are more records about using bamboo slips. For example, Confucius read the Book of Changes in his later years, which led to "Bian Wei's three wonders", indicating that the rope for weaving bamboo slips was broken three times because of repeated reading.
bamboo slip
Write the words on pieces cut from bamboo and wood. This piece is called "bamboo slips". If the bamboo pieces are wide, they are called "bamboo slips". Bamboo slips are ancient books written with bamboo slips and wooden slips, and they are the earliest books in China. Bamboo and wood are both common and easy to get. In ancient times, people lacked suitable writing materials, so they cut bamboo and wood into long and narrow pieces and wrote books on them. Pieces cut with bamboo are called "bamboo slips" and pieces cut with wood are called "wooden slips". Usually, only one line is written on each letter, and the number varies, up to more than 40 words, at least one or two words, and generally more than 20 words are written.
At present, the format of books is large and small, and ancient bamboo slips are also long and short, the longest is 3 feet, and the shortest is only 5 inches. It takes a lot of Jane to write a book. Connecting these short books makes a book. Hemp rope is mostly used to weave bamboo slips, and some of them are made of silk rope (called "silk weaving") or leather rope (called "Wei weaving"). According to the length of the short books, it is decided to use several channels, generally two or three channels, and many books have four or five channels. Now the word "book" is hieroglyphics, much like a string of bamboo slips.
Shangshu Toz records that "only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty had books and classics", and "books" and "classics" refer to books made of bamboo slips. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Shang Dynasty,
There is also the word "〓〓" in this shape, that is, the word "book". It can be seen that bamboo and wood books appeared in the Shang Dynasty.
Bamboo slips were widely used as books in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. Before and after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there appeared a kind of book written on silk-silk book. Silk books are lighter and easier to write than bamboo slips. But silk is expensive, so silk books are not as common as bamboo books. Books copied with paper appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Paper is light and easy to write, and the price is relatively cheap, so it is gradually popularized. In the Jin Dynasty, paper books completely replaced bamboo books and silk books.
Bamboo slips are written materials from Warring States to Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is a kind of long and narrow bamboo (also called wood chips, called wooden slips), which are wider than Jane's. Bamboo slips are called bamboo slips and wooden slips are called wooden slips. All the books are written with brush and ink. Books for writing imperial edicts and decrees are three feet (about 67.5cm) long, books for copying scriptures are two feet four inches (about 56cm) long, and folk letters are one foot (about 23cm) long, so people also call letters "letters". Important discoveries have been made in Changsha, Hunan, Jingzhou, Hubei, Linyi, Shandong, Dunhuang, Juyan, Wuwei and other northwest regions. Among them, books from the Eastern Han Dynasty were unearthed in Juyan.
Han bamboo slips are the general name of wooden slips and bamboo slips in Han Dynasty. There are many kinds of bamboo slips in the Han Dynasty, and the most common one is the one that is usually used to write records. In addition to what we usually say and copy documents, there is also a very large number of bamboo slips, that is, sending policies. The letters sent to the grave are all in the tomb, which is the "letter of introduction" for the ancients to go to the underworld after their death. Generally, they will record the date of birth and death of the tomb owner, the official title before his death, the number and types of funerary objects in the tomb, the gift giver and the wishes of the family members of the deceased, that is, they hope that the manager of the underworld can give him a job equivalent to the official title while he is alive.