In an era when the air pressure is low and the soil and water are particularly unsuitable, no one has any illusions and expects exotic flowers and plants to stick their heads out in the garden of literature. However, some of the more important accidents in the world often happen when you are unprepared. Historians or sociologists will use logic to prove that accidental accidents are really the result of long-term brewing. But without this analytical mind, the public always feels that there is something like a wand in the world, and every new accident seems to fall from the sky, which makes people unprepared, regardless of sadness or joy. This is the first impression that Ms. Zhang Ailing's works give readers. "It's too abrupt and amazing", except for this irrelevant remark, readers have never really expressed their views. Maybe it's too unexpected. Maybe people will always be timid animals. It is wise to be vague until a clear public opinion is established. But public opinion must be cultivated by the public; The growth of literature and art urgently needs social criticism, not deliberate or indifferent silence. Right or wrong, you might as well say it directly. If you are wrong, someone will correct you. -There is no question of dignity.

Our writers have always been contemptuous of skills. After the May 4th Movement, it was the argument about doctrine that consumed countless words. It seems that once you have an accurate consciousness, you can become a Buddha, but art is not a problem. In fact, several abstract principles can only be used for college and middle school students to cope with exams. No matter what kind of doctrine, if there is no profound outlook on life, real life experience, agile and keen observation, skillful writing skills and vivid and rich imagination, it will never produce a decent work. And all this has to go through a long and arduous training. The manuscript of War and Peace was revised seven times; Everyone only knows that Tolstoy is a prolific writer (as if prolificacy were made at random). The revised edition of Balzac's novels should be bound into more than ten volumes and arranged like an encyclopedia dictionary. However, everyone thought Balzac was forced by creditors when he was writing, and he must be in a hurry to make progress. Ignoring such a remarkable historical lesson is the main reason for the abortion of many of our works.

For example, struggle is our most interested subject. Yes, everything in life is struggle. But the first is the scope of struggle. The past does not include a lifetime. The goals of most writers are external enemies: patriarchal society, old ethics, capitalism ... but the greatest tragedy of mankind is often internal and external suffering, at least there are objective reasons to curse, resist and attack; And there is still a chance to take advantage of it. As for the harm caused by individuals under the control of lust, they not only lost the goal of venting their anger, but also were condemned by the "self-inflicted" class. The performance of the second struggle. People's activities are inseparable from the factors of emotion and desire; Struggle is the tip of activity and the stage of lust. Without lust, the struggle loses its vitality. Without the profound outline of lust, it loses its vitality, and at the same time, it turns the work into an empty and rigid shell. I have no interest in casting any scale here, nor do I want to liquidate the past literary world; Just look back on past ideas and see how much our new writer has filled for them.

A golden lock

Because of the above point of view, I will discuss the golden lock first. It is the most satisfactory and affirmative answer. The role of passion is rarely as important as in this work. On the surface, Cao is just a victim in the old family and a humble scum in the declining patriarchal society. But fate must teach scum to make soup for life extension, not only to be the mother of children, but also to be the mother-in-law of daughter-in-law. The mismatch of portal buried the first cause of tragedy. It turned out that the role of father's mother's sister, a disabled son, was elevated by the old lady's willful kindness and became her first wife. So the second reason for her tragedy. In the environment of the Jiang family, although being an aunt may not have a happy ending, the desire for gold will not be so high, and the desire for love will not be so miserable. Her psychopathy, even if it exists, will not be a terminal illness, involving so many people to die for her. However, the most basic tragic factor is not here. She is a person who can't bear lust, and lust is arrogant in her heart. I have overwhelmed a kind of lust and am obsessed with serving patients. It happened that my desire was revived and I asked for my share of rights. Love can't be satisfied by one person, so it needs the happiness and life of three or four people to compensate. Terrible revenge! Terrible revenge crushed her. "My son and my daughter hate to poison her", all the closest relatives were "killed by her heavy cangue horn", and even the man she loved was "as enemies" with her; When her tragic history is written into a story, she will also give a few angry curses to irrelevant people. Tragedy turned into ugly history, and blood and tears turned into crimes; What could be more tragic than this?

When recalling her early years as a big girl in Cao, flirting with her in the butcher shop, "a warm wind came on my face, and the smell of dead bodies was greasy ... she frowned." Her husband fell asleep in bed, the lifeless body ... "Although the fishy meat taught her to frown, it was a beautiful vision and full of hope. The fishy smell in front of me is the smell on the executioner's knife. -Who is this executioner? Gold. -The desire for gold. For the sake of gold, she was jealous and quarreled with her brother and sister-in-law in an era of anxious expectation and "unable to move" the edge of gold. For gold, she can only "whisper" to her brother-in-law: "What am I worse than? What happened to me? " For the sake of gold, she is willing to blow out the last hope of satisfying love like a soap bubble in ten years. When Jize stood in front of her, he whispered, "Second sister-in-law! ..... Seven Qiao "and then speak (finally! ) After ten years of hidden love:

Qiao Qi lowered her head, bathed in the brilliance, and admired herself carefully ... Over the years, she has been fascinated by him, but she can't get close to her body. It turned out that there was still today!

"Bathed in Glory" is only once in a lifetime, and the protagonist is blessed by God. Like a portrait of Blanc, the whole place is submerged in the darkness, and only a tiny corner of the face is stained with some light. It is these little lights that directly penetrate our hearts.

Ji Lize stood in front of her eyes, with his hands folded on her fan and his cheeks pressed against her fan. He is also ten years older. However, people are still that person! Is he coaxing her? He misses her money-she sold all the money she earned in her life? Just this thought made her furious ... This second thought, like a muffled thunder and a thick dark cloud, immediately covered up the glory of this moment; "Beautiful music, beautiful joy" was ruthlessly swept away by the storm. After the thunderstorm, everything passed, and it was too late. "A drop, a drop, ... one, two, ... a year, a hundred years ..." It's over, it's over forever. All that remains is endless regret. "She wants to see him again in the upstairs window. Anyway, she loved him before. Her love gave her endless pain. This alone makes her worthy of nostalgia. " The object of nostalgia has disappeared, only the pain of nostalgia for the past. Even in a frivolous woman of humble origin, love will not reduce her holiness.

Qiqiao's eyes seemed to be covered with a layer of cold bead curtain, and a burst of hot air blew and clung to her face tightly. When the wind stopped, she sucked it back. Before the air came through, the wind came again, covering her mindlessly-one cold, one hot, she just shed tears.

Her pain is at its peak (the beauty of her works is at its peak), but it is not over. Just changed direction, from heart to heart, more and more nameless. Resentment turned into bitter resentment, inexplicably just want to vent, rather than choose the object. She squinted at her son. "This is the only man in her life over the years. Only he, she is not afraid of him thinking about her money-it's all his anyway. However, because he is her son, he is not half a man ... "What a big cry! "... now, she can't even keep this half person-he is married. "So the happiness of her son and daughter-in-law turned into vicious ridicule in her eyes, just like the red flag in front of the bull. Hysteria has become more terrible than madness, because "she has the prudence and wit of a madman." With this, she destroyed them together. This is not surprising. One end of purgatory is next to hell, and the martyrs won't forget to bring the closest people in.

At first, she locked her love with gold, but locked herself. Love has worn away her life and family. She was defeated. She is very weak. But because she is weak, doesn't she deserve to be pitied? The weak has become a prisoner and executioner of lust, and we have reason to hate her! I don't think so. In the passage quoted above, it is obvious that the author has deep pity and appeals to the reader's pity. And "how many times, in order to contain herself, her bones and muscles and roots are sour." "When I was a girl of eighteen or nineteen years old ... I liked her ... If she picked one of them for a long time and gave birth to a child, the man was a little sincere to her. Qiao Qi moved the lotus leaf pillow under her head and rubbed her face together. She didn't bother to wipe a tear on that side, let it hang on her cheek and dry it slowly. " These simple sentences may not be noticed by careless readers, just like a warm breeze stroking the weeds on Qiao Qi's tomb.

Compared with the tragedy of the protagonist, the supporting actors are obviously much more relaxed. None of the brothers and sisters in Chang 'an are enthusiastic people. The gain and loss of happiness is far less important to them than to their mother. Changbai into the pit, already lost consciousness. Maybe he never felt it. Chang 'an had two happy days, but both gave up voluntarily with "a beautiful and desolate gesture". It is this gesture that makes her fate not as gloomy and terrible as Qiao Qi's, but makes people feel another kind of melancholy and desolate taste. The nameless sadness caused by the tune of a long time ago will remain in the reader's heart forever.

Needless to say, structure, rhythm and color have the luckiest achievements in this work. Specifically, there are the following points: firstly, the author's psychological analysis does not use lengthy monologues or tedious anatomy. She uses hints to blend action, speech and psychology. Qiao Qi, Jize, Chang 'an, Tong Shifang and Zhifu did not write their inner space. But their every move, every thought and every conversation reflects their psychological progress. The two scenes of uncle and sister-in-law flirting are not only beautiful in appearance, but also a combination of implication, delicacy, simplicity, intensity, restraint and boldness, which seem to be opposite advantages. Every speech is an action and every action is a speech. Even in the absence of action and words, the emotional fluctuation has not weakened. For example, after Tong Shifang and Chang 'an got engaged:

..... Two people walk side by side in the park, rarely talking, and there is a little bit of each other's dress and feet in the corner of their eyes, which smells like women's powder and a touch of masculinity. This simple and lovely impression is their railing, which separates them from the public. On the empty green grass, many people are running, laughing and talking, but walking through the lonely and beautiful cloister, endless. Without talking, Chang 'an doesn't feel any defects. What description can express the reconciliation of this discordant man and woman? Can you write this subtle psychology? Compared with Qiao Qi's love, this is much more dull and quiet, just as prose and pastoral poetry are to drama. Two generations of love, two kinds of emotional appeal. It is also warm.

As for the scene of seven clerks breaking into Chang 'an and finally slandering their daughters and alienating them in front of Tong Shifang, the portrayal of morbid psychology is a "creepy" wonderful article.

The second is the application of the author racconrci:

The wind blew in from the window, and the long mirror with palindrome carved lacquer hanging opposite was blown unsteadily. Knock on the wall. Qiqiao put his hands on the mirror. Bamboo curtains and a golden green landscape screen still rippling back and forth in the wind are reflected in the mirror. After searching for a long time, I feel seasick. When I look at it again, the bamboo curtain has faded, the magnificent landscape has become a portrait of my husband, and the mirror has been ten years.

This is the film's technique: space and time, vaguely faded down, and vaguely floated up. Clever modulation technique!

The third is the author's style. This is the first part, which attracts readers' attention and praise. External beauty is always easier to find than internal beauty. What's more, it is such a colorful, rave reviews and splashing article! The combination of old and new characters and the interweaving of old and new artistic conception are just right in this article. It seems that this neat and happy writing fell from the sky and was already there, ready to describe this tragedy. Clever metaphors and vivid images are the characteristics of the author's style, but they have never played a full role in completing the whole work as in this one. For example, "One moonlit night in Shanghai 30 years ago ... young people thought that the moon 30 years ago should be as red and yellow as a copper coin, like a tear on Yun Xuan stationery, old and confused. The moon recalled by the old man 30 years ago is happier, bigger, rounder and whiter than the moon in front of him. However, after 30 years of hard work, no matter how good the moonlight is, it is inevitable that it will be a little sad. " This introduction, not only the description of the moon is so novel, but also the observation of psychology is so in-depth, which turns into a desolate atmosphere in an understatement, covering the whole story characters from the beginning. If the style does not have this comprehensive effect, it will lose its value. The Golden Lock is undoubtedly Ms. Zhang's most complete work so far, which is quite tasteful of some stories in Diary of a Madman. At least it should be listed as one of the most beautiful achievements in our literary world. Without the golden lock, the author of this article would never criticize the cartoon so severely below, and he would never write this text at all.

Love in Erqingcheng

A divorced daughter, who settled in a shabby house, was driven out of her family by the irony of her poor brother and sister-in-law, and fell in love with a sophisticated and cunning old international student. Just when she was about to sink into the mire, a sudden change that shocked the world saved her and made her have an ordinary home. The whole story can be summarized in one or two lines. Because it is a legend (as the author said), there is no seriousness, sublimity and fatalism of tragedy; The contrast between light and shade is not strong. Because it is a legend, lust has no thrilling performance. Flirting, which accounts for almost half of the space, is full of cynical hedonistic psychological games; Although so smart, elegant and funny, it is the product of a refined society that is almost morbid. Just like the parallel body of the Six Dynasties, although it is bejeweled, it is empty inside, with neither real joy nor deep sadness. Love in the City gives people the impression that it is a finely carved jade pagoda, not a corner of the eternal palace. Beautiful dialogue and true and false hide-and-seek are all floating on the floating surface of the heart; Attractive, provocative and harmless offensive and defensive warfare, covered with hypocrisy. Men are all empty hearts, and they don't really want to find a stable heart, and regard love as an adjustment between golf and whiskey. Women worry all day about the last capital-youth around the age of 30-paying off debts again; The urgent need of material life made her too busy to take care of her own mind. Such a comedy, anemia in the bones, full of dead air, of course, can not have a good result. People who are tired, rough and tired and full of Xiao Zhi Xiaohui can't play the role of tragedy. Paralyzed nerves shake occasionally, and the probe actually catches a glimpse of the future history. The sick man has his particularly keen feeling:

..... From Repulse Bay Hotel, there is a bridge flying in the air. There is a mountain on the other side of the bridge, and there is a wall made of gray bricks on this side of the bridge, which blocks her ... Liu Yuan looked at her and said, "This wall somehow reminds me of things like the end of time ... One day, our civilization was completely destroyed, and everything was over-it was burned out, blown up and over." Tassel, if we meet again under this wall at that time ... tassel, maybe I will be sincere to you. "What a vast sky and powerful thoughts! In this novella, endless quicksand suddenly appeared in an ordinary field. But like quicksand, it's just a moment's surge. When the destruction of the premonition really came and finished, Liu Yuan's nerves just added some fatigue in paralysis. The awakening of the previous moment has long been forgotten. He never thought about it again. Even the "a little sincerity" finally realized is not necessarily reliable. Only tassels, survivors gently breathed a sigh of relief, floating some feelings:

Sitting on the fringe, listening to the sad wind. She did know that a gray brick wall near Repulse Bay must still be there ... She came to the foot of the wall like a dream and came face to face with Liu Yuan ... In this turbulent world, money, real estate and everything eternal are unreliable. Only the tone in her mouth and the people sleeping next to her are reliable. She suddenly moved to LiuYuan side, hugged him across the quilt. He reached out from under the covers and took her hand. They looked at each other transparently, only for a moment of thorough understanding, but this moment was enough for them to live in harmony for ten or eight years.

Two people's psychological changes, only these. A pair of poor people on the ark, the whole disaster (giving them too little pain, the author did not try to use contrast) only has such cold melancholy as "eternal things are unreliable", but they clean up the mess for them; The fruit of sharing weal and woe, "just a moment of thorough understanding", is just a general emotional idea of "living for ten years and eight years", which is not a complete reflection. Sick civilization cultivated their levity, and cruel destruction made them feel nothingness and disillusionment. There is no profound reaction.

And is Fan Liuyuan really such a downplayed person? Why does the author only write a brief introduction about him from beginning to end? He shouldn't occupy the same position as tassel in the novel. Is it the second theme? His intention to go to England has never been clear; When tassel was hugged by him, when he said, "I was busy falling in love at that time, where did I have time to fall in love?" At that time, he did not further reveal his true and down-to-earth heart. "Look at each other transparently" is a bit too rough. But this is a powerful turning point, which should be dealt with by the author with all his spirit! Missed this last peak, only the ordinary, mediocre and vulgar downhill. Liuyuan announced the news of her marriage in the newspaper, which made tassel laugh and cry. Liu Yuan also has the leisure to "shame her face". After arriving in Shanghai, "he saved his one-liners and told them to nearby women"; From this point of view, he is just a temporarily freed Don Juan, or a first-class figure of Lord Ilya Voss.

"He is just a selfish man, and she is just a selfish woman." But they're not even selfish. "In this war-torn era, there is no place for individualists. But for an ordinary couple, there is always room. " There are many ordinary people in the world, and I don't complain that the author wrote a pair of ordinary people. However, the war has restored some humanity to Fan Liuyuan, and made some changes in taking marriage as the tassel of her career (only feeling that only the people in the cavity and around her are reliable is not enough to explain her changes), which is not uncommon. Ordinary is not without depth. And ordinary characters should only make the work extraordinary. Obviously, the author sent her characters away in a hurry.

The outline is not deep enough because it is not deep enough to think about the people and life; And the focus of the work is too biased towards naughty and elegant flirting. If we look at the section again, then the tassel "I haven't read two sentences" is actually a big loophole, which is worth confronting Liu Yuan. There is not a trace of her life experience before the divorce, which makes her thoughts before and after leaving home seem incomprehensible. All these reduce the realism of the characters.

In short, the brilliance of love in the city is better than the backbone; The defects of the two protagonists are also the defects of the work itself.

Three short stories and long stories

Love and marriage are the central themes of the author so far; The short works of June 7th are just variations of a theme. Young and old, the petty bourgeoisie, are suffering from the nightmare of men and women. Nightmare It always rains in autumn. It is damp, greasy, gloomy, dirty and suffocating, and the rotten smell is like the patient's dying room. Worry, anxiety, struggle, no results, nightmares have no boundaries, no escape. Sporadic wear and tear, the suffering of life and death, is just a nameless waste here. Youth, enthusiasm, fantasy and hope have nowhere to live. The bedroom, Mr. Yao's home and the tram car during the blockade period will be extended to the whole society. On top of everything, there is an invisible giant hand, which fell heavily from nowhere and broke everyone's heart. Such a picture is printed on a rotten newspaper, and the contrast between lines and black and white is a bit confusing, which should be similar to Ms. Zhang's short story.

Why use this metaphor? Because her gloomy space is always filled with relaxed style and playful tone, like some flashing phosphorus fires, people can't tell whether this twilight is dusk or dawn. Sometimes there is too much humor, and tragicomedy becomes a funny drama. Interesting plays don't matter, but if they are stained with frivolous flavor (such as glazed tiles), art will be ruined.

Knowing that it's useless to struggle, I won't struggle. It is futile to persist, so I gave up. This is the authentic oriental spirit. Wisdom and liberation; But at the same time, it is cowardly, cowardly, lazy and nihilistic. Reflected in works of art, it is silent and dead, without waves, and it is not necessarily embellished with beautiful and desolate gestures. Chuan Chang didn't fight the disease, and she didn't make any efforts. Except for a regretful glance, she didn't even catch the idea of the world. Surrender without a fight. Her parents and lovers have no deep attachment to her. Readers are more likely to forget her. And she is the deepest character in many short stories!

The delicate and embarrassing situation is always the author's specialty. No one vividly conveys all the ambiguous scenes when people with completely different times, classes, educational background and interests get along with each other. All kinds of psychology grope, rub, attack and avoid each other, which is so natural and interesting, just as light, natural and intimate as changing partners with a posture in classical dance. If this realm goes too far or too far, the delicate atmosphere in Blockade and When I was Young will be destroyed, thus taking away all the charm of the works. However, this ingenious technology itself is just a charming luxury; If you don't use it as a means to complete the theme (such as the role of these technologies in the Golden Lock), then you can only make some small bones at best.

When the author's first novel was only partially published, it was of course abrupt to criticize him. However, the defects exposed in it are too serious for me to keep silent.

The main drawback of this comic book is the lack of content. Four issues have been published without revealing the central idea. The history of Ni Xi and her two husbands seems to be a mixture of short stories. There is no psychological progress, so I can't see the potential logic, and all the episodes are meaningless. Yahya is an Indian and Nishi is an adopted daughter in Guangdong. It seems that these two points should be the theme of the first ring. Half a century ago, Indian businessmen's views on women in China, even if they couldn't escape the word plaything, didn't they have special psychology? He is a colonial race, but his status in Hongkong is different from that in China. Besides, he is the owner of a large silk shop. But there is no mixed effect of these two or three factors in comics. An adopted daughter (and an adopted daughter in Guangdong) should have the psychology of adopting a daughter, which will have an impact on her life. Once transplanted, there must be an evolutionary process; I have never entered a silk shop as the author wrote, as if I had grown up in it since I was a child. We don't think Yahya bought an adopted daughter from Guangdong, and we don't think that an adopted daughter from Guangdong married a wealthy Indian businessman. Two typical characters have been neutralized. I missed the most meaningful theme, abandoned the author's best psychological description, and unconsciously embarked on a pure and interesting road with rich imagination and tap dancing. In addition to the opening paragraph, the more I pay attention to the plot, the more abrupt the tricks (I almost said gimmicks) are, and the excitement is even more exciting, as if the author is competing with himself. He breaks the final record every time, like a well-known script, and like a song and dance troupe's second program, which dazzles readers and keeps them overwhelmed. Where pornography is described, (there are many! ) I can talk about the most unpopular and popular scenes in Beijing opera, especially the Bangzi opera!