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In fact, the steps are similar.

It's just that you don't have some props

Teach you how to develop black and white photos.

For most photographers, taking pictures is only the first step in many aspects of photography. They don't send black and white films to photo studios or photo studios to develop their own photos. It is meaningful to do darkroom work by yourself; Photographers can learn more about photography; You can directly control every step of the whole process of image making by yourself; You can adjust the standard development process and print photos according to your own hobbies. In addition, what's more exciting is that you can watch the photos take shape gradually under the red light of the darkroom safety light. Photographers working in darkrooms have at least these advantages, maybe more.

◆ Read the data sheet and instructions.

First of all, you should read the data sheets and instructions attached to products and equipment. Film processing is like cooking. If you are familiar with the recipes before you start, you will have a greater chance of success. The less things outside, the better the effect.

◆ Necessary items

1 plastic or metal developing tank

More than 2 reels of suitable size

3 Lid opener (used to open 35mm film cassette)

4 pairs of canned scissors

5 developers

6 Stop shadow liquid (optional)

7 fixed solution

Two or three containers are used to hold developer, fixing solution (if used) and fixing solution, and are usually used to measure the volume of solution.

Two sealable liquid storage tanks for storing developer and fixing agent.

10 A stirring rod or stirrer used to prepare a solution.

1 1 darkroom thermometer

12 plastic bucket

13 wetting agent

14 haibo cleaning agent or water washing accelerator

15 heavy and light movie clips

16 darkroom timer

17 medium-sized plastic funnel

18 envelopes or film bags for film archiving

19 darkroom (if there is no ready-made darkroom)

Developing tanks made of stainless steel or synthetic materials have various sizes. Steel tank is easy to conduct heat, while synthetic tank can better insulate heat and resist the temperature change of solution caused by external temperature change. Several film axes should be suitable for all general film addition sizes. In order to clean multiple rolls at the same time, several film shafts can be driven simultaneously in a larger developing tank.

An effective darkroom timer should be accurate and easy to read quickly. Both analog and digital timers can be used. Select the time display mode you like.

Make obvious marks on the container to prevent the wrong order of use.

In order to obtain the best quality, the developer recommended by the film manufacturer should be selected. Manufacturers often recommend several developers at the same time, so it is advisable to choose a developer whose packaging capacity is just enough to meet the needs, so as to avoid wasting and trying to develop the developer with a time shorter than 4 minutes, because it is inconvenient to pour the developer into the developing tank in such a short time and the development uniformity is not good.

The development time recommended by the manufacturer is suitable for most people in most cases. However, if you find that the film is always thicker (deeper) or thinner (shallower) than required, you should first check your exposure meter and camera to make sure the exposure is correct. If the exposure is really normal, then the negative is always too thick or too thin, which is caused by the developing equipment or method. You can shorten or extend the development time of the negative according to your own wishes, so that the photos can get satisfactory results. When you do experiments to determine the deployment time, change the deployment time within the range of 10%, and don't deviate too far.

Furthermore, if the development time is too long, the printed photos will easily cause coarse particles and excessive contrast, so the development time should be reduced until the normal contrast is obtained.

For negatives with too dull picture and too little contrast, it is necessary to increase the development time to make the picture more glorious.

It is subjective to identify the quality of negative film with naked eyes, even by experts. Therefore, we should not only visually inspect the negative film, but also jump to conclusions to change the development conditions. The first thing to consider is the quality of photos made from negatives. To some extent, it is more important to observe photos with eyes than to look at negatives. If you can easily take high-quality photos with negative film, it means there is no need to change the development conditions of negative film.

At the end of the development time, open the liquid injection port on the tank (do not remove the cover) and start pouring out the developer. Start pouring developer in advance. So that when the timer indicates the end of development, the developing tank is just emptied, and the reflow time is about 5-20 seconds, which varies according to the developing tank used by everyone. Remember how long it takes to fill the developing tank you use each time.

◆ Stop displaying or clean with water.

According to the manufacturer's instructions, inject the diluted solution into the developing tank and shake it vigorously for 30 seconds or a special time. Its function is to stop developing, wash off the residual developer on the film and the developing tank, and pour out the developer for recycling. Because the developer is acidic, it can neutralize the developer faster than washing, and it also helps to prevent the developer from being brought into the fixing solution. If you plan to develop a large number of films and reuse the fixing solution, it is worth considering to use the stopping solution. The capacity of most fixing solutions depends on the use of stopping solution.

◆ Fixed

Pour the fixing solution, adjust the timer to the required time, and fully stir until the fixing time is over, then pour out the fixing solution. If necessary, recycle it. Fixing solution should be at the same temperature as developer.

◆ Cleaning of film

In order to prevent the degradation of film image quality in the future, before drying, a small amount of fixing solution must be washed with clear water to wash off the residual fixing solution on the film. It is necessary to continuously let water flow down from the center of the film axis in the open developing tank, and then flow out from the spiral film tank to wash away the fixing solution. Normally, 20 minutes of fixing solution washing is enough. It is best to check the washing time recommended by the film manufacturer.