In terms of religion, the Dai people in the frontier generally believe in Southern Buddhism, belonging to Hinayana Buddhism, while retaining the remnants of primitive worship of ghosts and gods.

Dai women traditionally wear short sleeves and skirts. Dai men wear collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve jackets, long-sleeved trousers, blankets when it is cold, and white or green cloth on their heads. The custom of tattooing men is common.

The Dai people's staple food is rice. Dehong area eats japonica rice, Xishuangbanna and other places like to eat glutinous rice, which is usually eaten immediately. The famous fragrant bamboo rice of Dai people is also called bamboo rice. Raw, fresh, sour, spicy and wild are the characteristics of Dai cuisine. Wine is loved by the Dai people, generally brewed by itself, with low degree and sweet taste. Tea is a local specialty, but Dai people only drink big leaf tea without spices.

Gan Lan architecture is the characteristic of Dai folk houses. Dai bamboo houses in Xishuangbanna and Dehong Ruili have unique styles. The building is nearly square, with two floors. People live on the upper floor, about 7 feet from the ground, and there is no wall on the lower floor, which is used for raising livestock and stacking things. The top is double oblique and covered with woven "grass rafts".

Dai nationality has its own national language, which is called Dai language, Thai language, Lao language, etc. Because of its distribution, it belongs to the Taiwanese branch of the Dong-Tai language family of Sino-Tibetan language family (Zhuang-Dong language family).

2. Jingpo people

There are two kinds of beliefs in Jingpo society, one is the traditional supernatural belief, and the other is the foreign Christian and Catholic beliefs.

Most Jingpo people live in the mountainside or small flat land at an altitude of about 1500m, and a few live on the edge of the dam area. The house is rectangular, divided into upper and lower floors, and the lower floor is 1-2 meters above the ground, which is used for stacking firewood, farm tools and raising pigs and chickens. The upstairs is divided into several rooms with bamboo, and each room has a fire pit. In addition to the fire pit for cooking, there is also a place for family to rest around the fire pit.

The staple food of Jingpo nationality is mainly rice, and bamboo rice and chicken porridge are the special staple foods that Jingpo nationality likes. These dishes are famous for their spicy taste. In addition to melons, beans, taro and cabbage grown in the garden, wild vegetables and wild fruits collected on the mountain are also home-cooked dishes on the table. Cooking methods include boiling, roasting, roasting, boiling, steaming, mixing and kneading, among which boiling is the most distinctive dish of Jingpo nationality.

The clothing style of Jingpo nationality is unique. Men's wear is mainly black and white, and women's wear is divided into casual wear and formal wear. If you wear casual clothes, you will wear a black or colorful double-breasted or right-breasted jacket, and a long cotton dress with solid color or Jingpo characteristics.

Jingpo people are hospitable and like to drink shochu and homemade water wine. Jingpo people pay attention to etiquette when drinking, and Jingpo elderly people like to chew cigarettes. When they meet, they will pass cigarette cases to each other to show friendship, respect and courtesy.

3. Achang nationality

Due to the influence of multiculturalism, the religious beliefs of Achang people have formed a state of coexistence of various religions. Among them are nature worship, ghost worship, ancestor worship, Hinayana Buddhism, Han Buddhism, Taoism and so on.

The Achang people's diet is mainly rice, supplemented by pasta, and they like eating sour bamboo shoots, sauerkraut and roast pork. Hulasa's "rice noodles", Lianghe's HuanghuaBaba and ginger are all distinctive ethnic food. Achang people like to drink, and most people brew their own rice wine. Most married women like to chew betel nuts.

Achang nationality's clothing style is unique. Traditionally, Achang men usually wear blue, white or black double-breasted shirts and black trousers. Adult men in Lhasa also wear left-breasted shirts. Husa Achang young men like to wrap white baotou, while Lianghe young men like to wrap black baotou. Women's wear varies from place to place. There is no difference between married and unmarried women's clothing of Husa Achang nationality, which is very similar to the Dai nationality nearby.

Achang people mainly live in dam areas and semi-mountainous areas. Villages generally choose places with plenty of sunshine and water. A typical Achang house is a "quadrangle" with a main room, two vertical wings and one wall facing the other. Generally, it is a tile house with civil structure or brick-wood structure, and some houses with flat roofs with brick-concrete structure are also built. The main house pays attention to the orientation of sitting, and the gate of residential houses maintains the ancient custom of "opening the door with the back of the mountain".

4. Naxi nationality

Naxi people generally exist in Naxi people. A family consists of several or several blood relatives who share a common ancestor. Historically, due to the existence of various marriage systems, Naxi people also have different family forms, that is, Naxi people have three family forms: paternal, matriarchal and paternal.

Naxi is a people who believe in many religions. They believe in Dongba, a local religion, as well as Tibetan Buddhism, Han Buddhism and Taoism. Dongba religion is the most popular.

The clothing of Naxi men in Lijiang area is the same as that of the local Han nationality. Wear sheepskin shawls in winter, robes, knee-high fat leg pants, sheepskin pockets and leggings in Zhongdian area.

The dress of Naxi women varies from region to region. Naxi women in Lijiang wear knee-length, wide waist and big sleeves, plus a vest, a pleated waist, a pair of trousers and a sheepskin shawl. Naxi women in Ninglang wear short shirts, pleated skirts that can reach the ground, sheepskin and blue cloth headscarves, earrings and bracelets made of gold, silver, jade and stone, and like to wear "sheepskin belts" or "belts".

Naxi people eat three meals a day. Generally, we have steamed bread or boiled Baba for breakfast, while Chinese food and dinner are rich, including one or two kinds of stir-fry, pickles and soup. Especially the beef soup pot and dry bar of the Hui nationality that night. ?

Potatoes, cucumbers and melon beans are widely planted in mountainous areas, and various famous dishes with local characteristics are made. Among them, the traditional dish of Naxi nationality "Fermented Tricholoma matsutake" is a special dish made of Tricholoma matsutake cover, filled with minced meat and steamed as a sacrifice, especially for ancestors to eat. Meat is mainly pork, and pork is mostly made into bacon.

5. Bai nationality

Worship of God is a religion that all Bai people believe in. The white name of the Lord is "Wu Zeng", which is the abbreviation of "Bless the Lord in this environment", meaning "my master". They are the protectors of the Bai village community. Some villages worship one master, while others worship the same master.

Bai costumes have formed their own national characteristics in the long historical development process. Bai people advocate white, and their clothing styles are slightly different from place to place, and white clothes are noble.

Men's clothes are basically the same. Dali women's clothes are mostly wrapped in embroidered cloth or colored towels, wearing white coats and red vests, or light blue coats and black velvet collar coats. Silver ornaments of "three beards" and "five beards" are hung on the right, and the waist is embroidered with short waist, wearing blue wide pants and embroidered shoes. Married people tie their hair in a bun, while unmarried people hang it on their backs or braid it on their heads, all of which are wrapped in embroidery, printing or colored towels.

Bai people's hospitality, courtesy before guests is the etiquette of Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous "three teas" are the hospitality of the Bai people. Bai people attach importance to festivals, and almost every festival has one or several kinds of food. Bai people used to use "Xizhou Batu Bowl" at wedding banquets, which consisted of eight hot dishes.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Dai nationality

Baidu encyclopedia-Jingpo nationality

Baidu encyclopedia-Achang nationality

Baidu encyclopedia-Naxi nationality

Baidu encyclopedia-Bai nationality