Three ministers in Qing Dynasty: Liu Yong, Xiao Shenyang and Ji Xiaolan.
Liu Yong is five years older than Ji Xiaolan.
Ji Xiaolan /view/ 1074 1.htm
Ji Yun (1724- 1805), whose real name is Xiaolan, whose real name is Chunfan, whose real name is Shi Yun, a Taoist in Guan Yi. Because there is a huge Taihu stone in Hufangqiao apartment in Beijing, it is also called the old man with solitary stone. Xian county (now Cui Erzhuang, Cang County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province) was the Hejian House in Zhili in Qing Dynasty. His great-grandfather, Ji Kun, was born in the late Ming Dynasty. Wen Neng is the author of "The Legacy of Examination Hall". His father Ji, whose word is late, was a Cisco scholar in the fifty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. He once worked in the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of Housing, and was the magistrate of Yao 'an in Yunnan, so he was called Yao 'an Gong. Zhong has Tang Yunkao, Du Lvshu, and Yu Tai Xin Yong Kao. Rong was married for three times. She was originally married to Mrs. Antai Shengzhuo (the word is sunny lake), followed by Mrs. Zhang Taifu's death, and followed by Mrs. Zhang Taifu's sister who had never seen the ancients before her death. She died on February 14, the tenth year of Renzong Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, at the age of 82. After his death, he was buried in South Village and North Village of Cuierzhuang. His wife, Mrs Ma, has four sons and three daughters: your eldest son. Gan Long, a friend of mine, died young, leaving a "half-boat poem banknote" in the world; The second son, Ruchuan, was a judge of Jiujiang Prefecture, and jiangning house was a tongzhi; The third son, like you, was once a county magistrate in Guangdong; Four sons, you billion. The eldest daughter married Lu (Juren), the grandson of Lu Jianzeng (), the ambassador of salt transportation in Huaibei; The second daughter married into the cabinet book and promised with the military aircraft; Three daughters, Ge Yuan's son, died unmarried at the age of ten. There is also a grandson of eleven people. His grandson is Shu Xin, Yin Sheng, the official department of Yunnan Silangzhong, and the magistrate of Yichang.
At the age of twenty-four, Ji Yun won the first place in Shuntian after having obtained the provincial examination, and was a scholar at the age of thirty-one. He is brilliant, quick-thinking and studious. Today, as he claimed, Bogutong "painted a yellow dialogue, kept thinking all night, and galloped with the article." He is broad-minded, witty and humorous, and he is often amazing and interesting, making him famous all over the world. Emperor gaozong of Qianlong appreciated it very much. His lifelong career is full of difficulties and twists and turns. He has been an official for more than 50 years, and has successively served as the examiner of Shanxi rural examination, the examiner of public examination, and presided over the college entrance examination in Fujian Province. He moved to be a bachelor, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Zuodu suggestion, Ministry of War history, and Ministry of War history, until he co-sponsored the university students, became a prince, and was in charge of imperial academy affairs.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, Siku Quanshu Museum was opened, with Ji Yun as the editor. This work lasted 19 years, and finally compiled the masterpiece Sikuquanshu. The book is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, with a total of 79,937 volumes. Seven manuscripts were kept in Wen Yuan, Wensu, Wen Yuan, Jinwen, Wen Hui, Wenzong and Wen Lan. This book is called the treasure of the Chinese nation. In the process of compiling the book, he also spent eight years carefully writing a 200-volume Summary of Sikuquanshu for more than 10,000 books included in the book, which was praised by Sun Li, a famous literary critic in China, as "a very great academic work."
In addition, he also wrote Notes of Wei Caotang, Concise Catalogue of Wei Caotang's Collection, 32 volumes of Ji Wenda's Legacy Collection (the last 16 volumes of articles and 16 volumes of poems), 10 volumes of Wen Xin Diao Long Lun, 63 volumes of Table of Officials in Past Dynasties, 4 volumes of Shi Tong Jian Za, 36 volumes of Heyuan Biography and 10 kinds of Jing Yan Tang. (2) Lai Yan? What's the matter with you? What's the matter with you?
In a word, Ji Yun's talents and academic achievements in his life are outstanding and colorful. He once wrote a sentence to himself, two of which: "The sea is like a gull, and the book of life and death is like a mullet", which is a true portrayal of his life. Ji Yun is not only a recognized literary master, academic leader and literary master in Qing Dynasty, but also a rare cultural giant in the cultural history of China and even the world.
● Ji Yun
Ji Yun (1724 ~ 1805) was a scholar and writer in Qing dynasty. The word Xiaolan means spring sail. Zhili? a target = _ blank href =/view/ 18876 . htm & gt。 Url] Hebei) people. Qianlong Jinshi, official to the history of the Ministry of rites, co-organizer of the university. After he died, he died.
Ji Yun is knowledgeable and good at textual research and exegesis. Gan compiled Sikuquanshu, with him as the editor-in-chief, and presided over the compilation of 200 volumes of Sikuquanshu General Catalogue, which discussed the theme of each book and the origin of the works, identified the gains and losses, and discriminated the characters. It was a masterpiece representing the achievements of bibliography in Qing Dynasty.
In Ji Yun's poems, most of them should be works that value harmony and praise virtue, which belong to the typical "Langmiao literature". Several poems expressing feelings and traveling are still fresh in my memory. Urumqi Miscellaneous Poems 160 was composed by Ji Yun when he was recalled to Urumqi two years later. They describe the local people, widely reflect the social situation in Xinjiang, have beautiful tones and rich ballads, and have certain characteristics in content and art.
Ji Yun's literary criticism is mainly found in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu and several book prefaces (such as the Preface of Ai Dingtang's Legacy Collection, the Preface of Xiangting Manuscript, the Preface of Yunlin Poetry, the Preface of Tianhou Yan Song Poetry, the Preface of YiLuXuan Poetry and the Preface of 432 Peak Poetry). ), and Wen Xin Diao Long. Although his literary criticism standard is still not divorced from the traditional view of Confucianism, it is not rigid and easier to approach.
He admits that "the rules and regulations of articles change with the times" and "poetry changes with the times", and thinks that the evolution of literature depends on "fate" and "fashion", emphasizing that future generations of literature should not only "propose" but also "change" the previous generation of literature. In terms of artistic style, they should affirm "genre", oppose "portal" and oppose the habit of "not distinguishing right from wrong, but only fighting for victory or defeat". When Ji Yun presided over the imperial examination in his later years, it was indeed a breakthrough to use the contents of literary history and literary criticism as topic counselors.
Ji Yun's main creative achievements are embodied in his collection of notes and novels, Notes of Yuewei Caotang. This book consists of six volumes of Records of Summer in Luanyang, four volumes of So I Smell, four volumes of Huaixi Magazine, four volumes of Listening to Gu Juming and six volumes of Continued Records of Luanyang, with a total of 24 volumes (note 1000), which is the fifty-fourth year of his old age (1789).
Yuewei Caotang Notes evolved from the notes novels of the Six Dynasties: the content is complex, involving heaven and earth, not limited to strangeness, and the narrative story is simple, simple and interesting. As far as ideological content is concerned, although there are many advantages in admonishing and punishing, talking about karma and propagating feudal ethics, there are also some merits. The author opposes Song Confucianism's empty talk about sex, harsh comments on feelings, and many cynicism about Taoism, such as Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4, Wuyi Yishang, Volume 21, and About Erzeng Bozu. Deception and deception of the world and human feelings are also exposed from time to time. There are many fables about ghost foxes, such as the first volume of Cao Sinong's Bamboo Talk in vain, the sixth volume of Xu Nanjin's Story, and the twenty-third volume of Dai Dong's Words, which are quite authentic. The author is against being rich and cruel, against abusing slaves, and shows some tolerance and sympathy for the resistance and revenge of the lower classes, such as the escape of the child bride, the elder words of Zhou Jingyuan, and the prostitute playing the rich room and valley. Stories such as Old River Soldiers in Cangzhou (Volume 16) and Hunting in Tang Dynasty in Huizhou (Volume 11) reflect the integrity, simplicity and wisdom of the working people, which are particularly good.
In art, the style of writing is concise, not redundant or stagnant, with clear narrative twists and turns, and some stories can be called meaningful sketches; The disadvantage is that there are many discussions and sometimes it is not appropriate. In addition, there are many insights and materials for reference when commenting on poems, discussing textual research, narrating anecdotes and narrating customs.
Yuewei Caotang Notes is a unique work in China's ancient note novels. Lu Xun commented: "Ji Yun is a long writer and a common secretary, but he is also broad-minded. Therefore, people who measure the situation of ghosts and gods, send people to express their opinions, and if they want to be witty, it is enough to solve the problem; There are textual researches and sentiments. " The narrative is elegant and full of natural interest, so no one can take its place behind it, and it is not just a matter of borrowing and expecting. "("A Brief History of China's Novels ")
Ji Yun's poems were collected by later generations into Ji Wenda's Public Legacy Collection, each volume 16.
Liu Yong
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Liu Yong (17 19 ~ 1804), a painter and politician in Qing Dynasty, was born in Gezhuang, Zhucheng County (present-day gaomi city), with another name Qingyuan, Wu Dong, Mu An, and Daoist Ri Guanfeng.
Liu Yong was a scholar in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, worked as a minister in the official department, and was a university student in Tijen Pavilion. Most of Liu Yong's calligraphy works handed down from ancient times are running scripts, which are generally characterized by thick ink, thick brushwork and arbitrary changes in line thickness. His calligraphy has gone through three stages: first, he studied under Dong Qichang in his early years, and his calligraphy is beautiful and elegant; Middle-aged, learning from Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, the pen is vigorous and the Okanagan valley is thick; In his later years, he was introverted and reached the peak of his attainments.
Liu Yong was a scholar in the 16th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (175 1). A year later, he left the museum, was allowed to edit, entered the official career, and then switched to teaching. In October of the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), his father Liu Tongxun (then governor of Shaanxi but Gansu) was imprisoned for failing to handle military affairs, and Liu Yong was arrested, punished by collective punishment, released leniently and reduced to editor. In June of the following year, he took the provincial examination in Guangxi and served as an examiner. 10, he was promoted to Anhui to study politics. During his tenure, in view of the chaotic management of students in Gong Jian at that time, he neglected to ask all counties to restrain Gong Jian, ordered him to inspect his merits and demerits, and put forward practical remedial measures, which were approved by the Ministry.
After twenty-four years of Qianlong (1759), he was transferred to Jiangsu to study politics. During his term of office, he went up again: "People who make trouble in Jiankang prison are more valued by government and county officials and do not create feelings." (Administrative officials) are afraid of unruly people, prison and professional services, so that they are hesitant and don't distinguish between the innocent and the innocent. After committing a crime, the person who should be responsible for reform is not responsible for reform. It's really a slap in the face. Lawyers are guilty of betraying each other. This view was profound and timely, so it won the appreciation of Emperor Qianlong and praised him for "knowing the political power". In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), he was appointed as the magistrate of Taiyuan Prefecture in Shanxi Province.
After thirty years of Qianlong (1765), it was promoted to Jining Daotai. In the second year, during his tenure as the magistrate of Taiyuan, he neglected the command section of Yangqu County and successfully occupied the state treasury and silver. He was removed from his post and sentenced to death. Because emperor Qianlong loved talents, he was exempted from service and sent a military station (the post office, the institution that delivered military newspapers and official documents in the northwest of the Qing Dynasty) to atone. The next year, he was pardoned and ordered to walk in the book repair office. Qianlong thirty-four years (1769), awarded the magistrate of jiangning house. In the second year, I moved to Yanyou Road, Jiangxi. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), he served as Shaanxi provincial judge. The following year, my father Liu Tongxun died and went home to pay his respects.
In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Liu Yong returned to Beijing after the mourning period expired. The Qing court looked through Liu Tongxun's achievements for many years and found that Liu Yong was knowledgeable, so he was awarded a bachelor's degree in cabinet and went straight to South School. 10, served as deputy director of the library of Sikuquanshu, and appointed Sun's Records of the Western Regions and Textual Research on Old News as presidents. In July of the following year, he took the post of examiner after obtaining the provincial examination in Jiangnan Zhongda, and soon resumed his post as a Jiangsu political college student. During his tenure, he illegally quoted Qin Zhou's works by Xu Shukui and demanded that he be punished according to law. By the end of the year (forty-three years of Qianlong), Liu Yong illegally quoted Xu Shuling's works for disobedience and achieved remarkable achievements. He moved the right assistant minister of the household department and later transferred to the right assistant minister of the official department.
Qianlong forty-five years (1780), awarded to the governor of Hunan. At this time, many places in Hunan were affected by disasters, and many theft cases occurred in disaster-free counties. Corrupt officials are rampant, and the people complain. After Liu Yong took office, he found out the reasons, impeached corrupt officials according to the facts, and suggested dealing with them strictly; On the one hand, inventory checking, battlements building, grain storage building, relief for victims, allowing private mining of saltpeter in wells. Just one year later, the state treasury was full and the people had plenty of food, and Liu Yong was deeply loved by the people.
Forty-six years after Qianlong (178 1), he moved to Liuyong as the left capital suggestion of Duchayuan. In March of the following year, I still entered the study of Zhinan; Soon, he served as the president of Sandao Pavilion. At this point, the suggestion and Qian Feng impeached the Shandong Governor Guotai for cronyism. Liu Yong was ordered to jointly try the fraud case of Shandong Governor with Xiao Shenyang. Liu Yong went to Shandong, pretending to be a Taoist priest, and learned that Shandong had been affected for three consecutive years through a private visit on foot. Cathay Pacific invited the merits and rewards. When collecting taxes, all those who are unable to pay will be dealt with; And slaughtered nine Jinshi who pleaded for the people in the province. When I arrived in Jinan, after interrogation, I found that it was well known that Cathay Pacific took bribes, so I took money to cover up the crime. Liu Yong truthfully reported to the court, ordered the opening of the warehouse to relieve the people, and detained Cathay Pacific to return to Beijing. By this time, the imperial concubine had pleaded for Cathay Pacific, and some suggestions were echoed. Small Shenyang also intends to protect Cathay Pacific. Liuyong then counted Cathay Pacific's crimes according to the evidence obtained from the civil investigation, argued and finally brought Cathay Pacific to justice. When dealing with the Cathay Pacific incident, Liu Yong was not afraid of power, honest and selfless, and resourceful. Together with Qian Feng, he defeated the obstruction of the imperial concubine and Xiao Shenyang, and successfully carried out the Qing decree to protect the people from harm. Later, people wrote a popular novel "Case" based on this incident, praising Liu's adult of this "Bao Gong formula".
After the Cathay Pacific case was settled, Liu Yong was appointed as the official department minister, in charge of imperial academy affairs. Soon, he was appointed minister of the Ministry of Industry, still serving as the official department and the master of the upper study. Forty-eight years after Qianlong (1783), he served as the governor of Zhili. In August, he was transferred to the official department, and soon, he was admitted to Shuntian. It's the end of the year again, and lectures are everywhere. In May of the following year, imperial academy affairs were resumed. In June, the co-organizer was awarded a bachelor's degree. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), he served as the vice president of Yuting (the place where imperial music was compiled).
In April of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), the master of the upper study room could not reach the study room for a long time, but Liu Yong, as the chef, refused to correct it and was demoted to assistant minister. Soon, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in cabinet, and the magistrate studied politics in Shuntian. At the beginning of the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong (179 1), he moved to Zuoyushi, Duchayuan, and took charge of imperial academy affairs again. In May, and official department ministers. In April of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Liu Yong was awarded a bachelor's degree in tirenge. In May, he was ordered to go to Shandong to handle a case with Shangshu Qinggui to see the breach of the Yellow River. After inspecting the Yellow River, he asked for dredging in order to "block" the breach and "widen" the downstream after autumn. The court adopted his opinion. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), in March, the prince was added to protect the young. Later, he was ordered to deal with the case of Xiao Shenyang, a student of Wenhua Temple, who used power for personal gain and took bribes. Not afraid of power, Liu Yong quickly found out that He Kun and his followers had committed 20 crimes, such as extortion, looting people's fat and pocketing their own money, and took them to court. The emperor executed Xiao Shenyang and confiscated his property.
At the end of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Liu Yong made a brief statement to Cao Zheng, and he was deeply aware of the loopholes in Cao Yun. His concern for the country and people cannot be expressed in words. After seeing it, Emperor Jiaqing was deeply impressed. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), Liu Yong became the director of the pavilion.
Liu Yong is not only a politician, but also a famous calligrapher and master of calligraphy. He is one of the four great calligraphers in the Qing Dynasty (the other three are Prince Cheng, Weng Fangganghe). Qing praised Liu Yong in the Notes of Qing Dynasty: "Compared with the voice of Huang Zhong and Zhi, Wen Qing's calligraphy is the highest among a generation of calligraphers. Gai combined the calligraphy of past dynasties and formed his own family. The so-called golden voice and jade, the success of the cluster is also great. I have been on the stage since I entered the dictionary, and my physique has changed repeatedly, which makes people unpredictable. " Liu Yong is a good and creative calligrapher, who learns from the past but is not rigid. Liu Yong's calligraphy is characterized by strong ink, vigorous and unique. Liu Yong's books, especially those in small font. Later generations are full of praise for his short story, which not only has the testimony of Zhong You, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, but also won the charm of Wei and Jin short stories. Liu Yong worked as a writer, studied hundreds of classics and history, and made a name for himself. He is the author of Shi An's Poems.
In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), the emperor drove Jehol and ordered Liu Yong to stay in Beijing to preside over the state affairs. At this time, he is over eighty years old, but his body is as light as ever, and his eyes are bright and cold.
In December of the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804), Liu Yong died at the age of 85. After his death, he gave a gift to posthumous title Wen Qing, Prince of Taibao, and went to the Pantheon for burial.