Alias: lime; slaked lime
Molecular formula: aluminum hydroxide
Uses: used in bleaching powder, hard water softener, tap water disinfection clarifier and construction industry.
Common genetic diseases
1. Hypertension
Genetic risk: ★★★★★★★
Scientists have successfully bred a kind of "hereditary spontaneous hypertension" mice. This kind of mice will pass on the gene of hypertension from generation to generation, and their offspring will suffer from hypertension with 100%, which is the most typical example of the close relationship between hypertension and heredity.
At present, most scholars believe that hypertension is a polygenic genetic disease. Through the family survey of hypertensive patients, it is found that the probability of their children suffering from hypertension in the future is as high as 45%; If one parent suffers from hypertension, the probability of children suffering from hypertension is 28%; The probability that a child's blood pressure is normal is only 3%.
Prevention and control principle
1. Keep monitoring blood pressure, normally at least 1 time a year.
2. Limit salt and supplement potassium. Gradually control the daily salt intake to 5g, and eat more fruits and vegetables rich in potassium (such as bananas, walnuts, lotus seeds, parsley, amaranth and spinach). ).
3. Prevent overweight and obesity.
4. Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
2. Diabetes
Genetic risk: ★★★★★★★
Diabetes has obvious genetic susceptibility (especially the most common type 2 diabetes in clinic). Family studies have found that the prevalence of diabetes in people with positive family history is significantly higher than that in people with negative family history. Children whose parents have diabetes are 15 ~ 20 times more likely to have diabetes than ordinary people.
Prevention and control principle
The "external causes" of diabetes are excessive calorie intake, reduced activity, obesity, smoking and excessive psychological pressure. Conversely, avoiding the above factors can prevent diabetes. In terms of diet, it is necessary to achieve a reasonable mix of grain, meat, eggs, milk, vegetables and fruits, and pay attention to the balance between intake and consumption. Always measure your weight. If you gain weight, you will definitely consume too many calories. At this time, you should review your diet and increase exercise.
3. Dyslipidemia
Genetic risk: ★★★★
There are many reasons for abnormal blood lipid metabolism, and genetic factors are one of them. With the development of medicine, it is found that a considerable number of patients with dyslipidemia have one or more genetic defects. Dyslipidemia caused by genetic defects has family aggregation and obvious genetic tendency, which is commonly known as familial dyslipidemia in clinic.
Prevention and control principle
The most important thing is to emphasize "open your legs and close your mouth". On the one hand, we should limit our diet appropriately, but try to enrich the variety of food, choose low-fat foods (vegetable oil, yogurt), increase vitamins and cellulose (fruits, vegetables, bread, cereals), and control our weight. At the same time, strengthen exercise, let the heat be consumed, so as to avoid fat accumulation in the body.
4. Breast cancer
Genetic risk: ★★★★
Breast cancer has obvious familial genetic tendency. Epidemiological investigation shows that 5% ~ 10% of breast cancer is familial. If a close relative has breast cancer, the risk will increase by 1.5 ~ 3 times; If two close relatives have breast cancer, the prevalence rate will increase seven times. The younger the onset age, the greater the risk of breast cancer in relatives.
Prevention and control principle
People with a family history of breast cancer should pay special attention to self-examination to find clues to breast cancer and treat it as soon as possible. Breast lump is the most common sign of breast cancer, which is different from proliferative breast lump. It is often single, irregular in shape, hard in texture, poor in mobility, mostly painless, and has no obvious relationship with menstrual cycle. In addition, if you find nipple eczema, pus and shrinkage, you should also pay attention to it and go to the hospital for further examination.
5. Gastric cancer
Genetic risk: ★★★★
Patients with gastric cancer have obvious family aggregation. The survey found that the risk of first-degree relatives (parents, brothers and sisters) of patients with gastric cancer is three times higher than that of the general population on average. The famous Napoleon family, such as his grandfather, father and three sisters, all died of gastric cancer. Seven people in the family, including himself, all suffered from gastric cancer.
Prevention and control principle
Risk factors of gastric cancer include lack of physical exercise, depression, smoking, preference for smoked food, preference for heavy salt diet, excessive meat intake, Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric ulcer. Favorite fungi and fresh fruits are the protective factors of gastric cancer. It is worth noting that the phenomenon of family aggregation of gastric cancer may be related to the co-infection of Helicobacter pylori. Those with a family history of gastric cancer should go to the hospital to monitor whether there is such bacterial infection, and if there is, they should be treated in time.
6. Colorectal cancer
Genetic risk: ★★★★
Colorectal cancer caused by familial inheritance accounts for 10% ~ 15% of the total number of patients with colorectal cancer. People with colorectal cancer in their relatives are 3-4 times more likely to suffer from this disease than ordinary people. If two or more close relatives (parents or brothers and sisters) in the family have colorectal cancer, it is a high-risk group of colorectal cancer.
Prevention and control principle
People with a family history of colorectal cancer should eat more fresh food, eat less salty and smoked food, eat less moldy food, drink less and quit smoking. If the following symptoms appear, you should go to the hospital for examination in time:
① The defecation habit changes, the frequency of defecation increases, or diarrhea and constipation appear alternately. ② Stool with purulent blood or mucus stool. ③ The stool becomes thin and deformed, and defecation is laborious. ④ There is a feeling of defecation, but no defecation.
7. Lung cancer
Genetic risk: ★★★
Foreign research institutions have conducted a follow-up survey of more than 102000 Japanese middle-aged and elderly people for 13 years. Among them, 79 1 case had lung cancer. The researchers compared lung cancer patients with non-lung cancer patients and found that the former was twice as likely to get sick as the latter. The heredity of lung cancer is particularly obvious in women.
Prevention and control principle
The occurrence of lung cancer is closely related to smoking, especially those with a family history of lung cancer, so they must stay away from tobacco and passive smoking. If you have symptoms such as irritating cough and blood in sputum, especially the above-mentioned high-risk groups, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible. If early detection and standardized treatment can be achieved, the cure rate of lung cancer can reach 70%.
8.asthma
Genetic risk: ★★★★★★★
At present, most scholars believe that the genetic factors of asthma are greater than the environmental factors. If both parents suffer from asthma, the probability of their children suffering from asthma can be as high as 60%; If one parent suffers from asthma, the probability of the child suffering from asthma is 20%; If neither parent has asthma, the probability of children suffering from asthma is only about 6%. In addition, if family members and their relatives suffer from allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, skin allergy or food and drug allergy, it will also increase the possibility of asthma in future generations.
Prevention and control principle
Adult asthma mostly occurs in childhood, and early treatment in childhood is the key to reduce the incidence in adulthood. People with a family history of asthma should avoid all kinds of environmental factors that cause asthma, such as inhaling various allergic substances (allergens), respiratory virus and bacterial infections, smoking and air pollution, which play a role in triggering and fueling the onset and aggravation of asthma. Usually, we should do a good job in cleaning the living room, living and working environment, quit smoking, and actively prevent and treat respiratory infections in time.
9. Depression
Genetic risk: ★★★★★★★
Many studies have found that the occurrence of depression is closely related to genetic factors. The probability of depression in relatives of depressed patients is much higher than that of ordinary people, which is about 10 ~ 30 times, and the closer the blood relationship, the higher the probability of depression. According to foreign reports, the probability of depression among relatives of patients with depression is: the first-degree relatives (parents, compatriots and children) are 14%, the second-degree relatives (uncles, aunts, uncles, grandparents or grandsons and nephews) are 4.8%, and the third-degree relatives (cousins) are 3.6%.
Prevention and control principle
Prevention and treatment of depression should focus on early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. If you often feel depressed, lose weight obviously, suffer from insomnia or sleep too much, fidget, lose concentration, have suicidal thoughts, etc. You should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
10. Senile dementia
Genetic risk: ★★★★
After long-term research, scientists found that Alzheimer's disease is a polygenic genetic disease. The study found that patients with Alzheimer's disease in their parents or brothers were four times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease than patients without family history.
Prevention and control principle
If you have a family history of Alzheimer's disease, you should have an examination after 50 to see if you have mental retardation, so as to take some measures to treat it in time.
In addition to genetic factors, people with low education are prone to Alzheimer's disease, while those with formal education delay the onset age by 7 ~ 10 years compared with those without education. In addition, long-term depression, solitude, low education and language level, widowhood and non-remarriage, non-participation in social activities, and lack of physical and mental activities are also easy to cause Alzheimer's disease.
The incidence of the above genetic diseases adds up to about 30%, and there is a trend of increasing year by year. Therefore, it can no longer be generalized that genetic disease is only a rare disease. Preventing the birth of children with genetic diseases is an important eugenic means to improve the quality of our population.
Most genetic diseases cannot be cured.