Basic introduction of Chinese name: Tianjin Yali pear kingdom: plant kingdom: angiosperm kingdom: dicotyledonous plant kingdom: Rosaceae: Rosaceae genus: pear species: Yali pear. Brief introduction, unique flavor, main producing areas, nutritional value, medicinal value, deep-processed products, cultivation history, development status, Ningjin of Tianjin Yali, Jinzhou Yali of Tianjin Yali, Botou Yali of Tianjin Yali, related reports, variety description, brief introduction of Tianjin Yali, one of the excellent pear varieties in China. Originally, its origin was mainly in Bozhen, Hebei Province, and it was famous for its export through Tianjin. The fruit is shaped like a duck's egg, with a protruding stalk and a crooked stalk like a duck's bill, hence the name Yali. Thin skin and white meat, crisp and tender without residue, juicy and sweet, which enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Tianjin Yali pear is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and riboflavin. And it is effective. Pear paste blended with it can promote fluid production, quench thirst, relieve cough and resolve phlegm. Tianjin Yali pear has a long history of cultivation and good development, and enjoys a long-standing reputation at home and abroad. It has been sold all over the country and exported to more than a dozen countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Australia, Russia and Southeast Asia. Tianjin Yali pear has a unique flavor and is one of the excellent varieties of China pear. The origin was originally mainly in Bozhen, Hebei Province, and it was famous for its export through Tianjin. The fruit is shaped like a duck's egg, with a protruding stalk and a crooked stalk like a duck's bill, hence the name Yali. Thin skin and white meat, crisp and tender without residue, juicy and sweet, which enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Tianjin Yali pear (2) Yali pear is beautiful in appearance, and its stem protrudes like a duck head, so it is called Yali pear. After strict selection and deep processing, most of Yali pears are shipped and exported through Tianjin Port, so they are also called Tianjin Yali pears all over the world. Yali pear trees are green and yellow, and golden when ripe. /kloc-0 can be harvested from late September to early October, and can be stored for 5-6 months. After 30 days of storage and saccharification, the sweetness reached 1 1%. Yali pear has tender pulp and unique flavor. The main characteristics are large fruit (average single fruit weight 175g, maximum fruit 400g), thin skin and small core, no residue in juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, and rich nutrition. The taste is fragrant and long, crisp but not greasy, and it is known as "natural manna". Tianjin Yali pear generally weighs 200 grams per fruit. Although it is not very big, the pulp is the most delicate, the peel is very thin, the fragrance is crisp, it melts in the mouth and tastes refreshing. In addition, Yali pear is handsome in appearance, elegant in color and light yellow in mature fruit. It contains a variety of vitamins and has certain nutritional and medicinal value. The main producing areas of Tianjin Yali pear are mainly produced in Hebei Province, China. Except Tangshan and Chengde, it is produced in eight other prefecture-level cities in the province, among which Jiaohe, Shulu and Ningjin have the best quality. Yali pear was once operated by Tianjin Port Company and shipped from Tianjin Port to all parts of the world every year. In addition, the pulp at the base of the fruit stalk is duck-headed, hence the name "Tianjin Yali". Nutritional value Yali pear is rich in vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals, and is a leader in vitamin B family. Yali pear has the effects of clearing away heart fire, moistening lung, relieving cough and asthma, removing dryness, relaxing bowels, sobering up and detoxifying. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Pears can clear the heat of six internal organs for the living, and nourish the yin of five internal organs for the ripe ones". Modern medicine has been used to treat pneumonia, respiratory diseases, cor pulmonale, hypertension and other diseases, with remarkable results. It can also be processed into canned food, preserved pear, pear wine and other high-grade foods and drinks. Tianjin Yali Pear (3) Tianjin Yali Pear contains a variety of vitamins, which has certain nutritional and medicinal value. For example, in Ming Xin, a herbal medicine, it is said that "Yali pear tastes sweet and cold, slightly sour", which has the effects of "clearing heart, moistening lung, benefiting large intestine, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, clearing throat, reducing fire, quenching thirst, moistening dryness and expelling wind, sobering up and disinfecting". Tianjin Yali pear is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene and riboflavin. And it is effective. Pear paste blended with it can promote fluid production, quench thirst, relieve cough and resolve phlegm. Medicinal value Peel pears and cut them into pieces. Drop a drop of white vinegar on each pear and eat it directly. Eat 10 tablets 1 day, which is a folk prescription for protecting the liver of Chaoshan people. Whether adults or children, as long as there is nothing wrong with the stomach, you can use this folk prescription. This is because "sour sweetness turns into yin", sour taste enters the liver and nourishes the liver, and sour sweetness can nourish the liver and yin. In dry spring, this method of eating pears can improve the acidity and dryness of eyes and achieve the effect of improving eyesight. The pear paste made from it can promote fluid production, quench thirst, relieve cough and resolve phlegm. Deep-processed products: The deep-processing industry of Yali follows suit, and a series of products such as Yali juice and Yali vinegar are developed. Yali pear is also suitable for processing nutritious food such as preserved pear, crisp pear and beverage. It can also be processed into canned food, preserved pear, pear wine and other high-grade foods and drinks. According to historical records, the cultivation of Yali pear in Ningjin began in the Qin and Han Dynasties, with a history of more than 2,000 years. According to the records of Hebei Province, "Yali pear originated in Ningjin". Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi records: "South of Changshan Mountain, there are thousands of trees in the river". "Land" means "pear", and "south of Changshan, between river and economy" is the area of Ningjin, Zhaoxian and Jinxian today. The quality of Ningjin Yali pear has been widely praised since the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, and it has become a sacrifice since the Three Kingdoms. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, cultivation flourished. Because of its unique quality and sweet taste, it was introduced to Hejian and Jiaohe in the Ming Dynasty. Large-scale planting has been formed in the light years of Qing Dynasty, and more than 1000 pear orchards can be seen everywhere. Up to now, there are still ancient pear trees in Ningjin County, more than 50 years ago/kloc-0. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, pear cultivation in Ningjin developed rapidly, and orchards were all built in the sandy wasteland along the old Hutuo River. 1987, Ningjin County was identified by the Ministry of Forestry as the first batch of "Yali Famous Economic Forest Base Counties" and was named "China Yali Town". Tianjin Yali pear (4) has a long cultivation history and special geographical advantages, which has created the unique quality of Ningjin Yali pear, which has been sold well at home and abroad since the Qing Dynasty and is deeply loved by consumers. In the ninth year of Qing Jiaqing, Ningjin Yali pear was "brought" into the international market by Tianjin fruit merchants; During Guangxu period, it was exported to Hong Kong and Southeast Asian countries through Zhenfeng Trading Company. 1949 to 1952 entrusted Tianjin Guanchanglong Commercial Bank to export, which was once marked as "Tianjin Yali". In the 1980s, Ningjin County was successively identified as the export base of Yali pear by the state, Tianjin and Hebei Grain and Oil Import and Export Corporation, and its products still entered the international market through Tianjin Port, and it was renamed as "Ningjin Yali pear", which has been well-known at home and abroad since then. Jinzhou is the origin of Hebei Yali pear, which has been cultivated for 2000 years. 1300 years ago, Wei Zhi, a famous Jinzhou native in the Tang Dynasty, personally cultivated a high-quality pear variety, which was called "Wei". Later, the pear was presented to the palace as a tribute by the Calm House (Jinzhou was under the jurisdiction of the Calm House in the Ming and Qing Dynasties), so it was called "Calm and Imperial Pear". According to legend, Wei Zhi, a famous figure in the Tang Dynasty, went to his hometown of Jinzhou and asked the physician to cook pear candy with pears as raw materials to treat his mother's senile asthma. After the founding of New China, Jinzhou Yali pear was exported from Tianjin Port, also known as "Tianjin Yali pear" and "Hebei Yali pear". Tianjin Yali (V) pear vinegar beverage Botou Yali has a long history of production. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, pear-based fruit tree cultivation began in the ancient Botou land. Botou is also named after Yang Di's Xiajiangnan, where he parked and landed to watch pear blossoms. In the past 50 years, Botou Yali pear has enjoyed a good reputation in the international market with the trademark of "Tianjin Yali pear", which has been sold well in more than 30 countries and regions such as Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Hong Kong and Macao, and has become a major export product in China. Botou Yali was awarded the title of export quality product by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. Wang, Vice Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote an inscription: "Botou, the first hometown of China Yali". The development status of Tianjin Yali pear in Ningjin In recent years, with the gradual improvement of production technology, the internal quality and appearance quality of Ningjin Yali pear have been obviously improved. There are 1 1 brands that have successively won the titles of national, provincial and municipal famous fruits. Among them, a number of well-known pear brands such as "Green Tang" and "Zhao Yan" have been awarded the titles of China famous products, China Agricultural Fair famous fruits and "Fruit King" for many years. At present, the pear planting area in Ningjin County is10.3 million hectares, accounting for 82% of the county's forest land area. In 2005, the total output reached 320,000 tons, with an annual output value of 535 million yuan, accounting for 3 1% of the total agricultural output value of the county. The production and marketing of pears directly involves the county 14 townships140,000 people, and the per capita fruit income in the main producing areas 1750 yuan accounts for 63% of the county's per capita net income. At present, there are 300 fruit storage machinery cold storages in the county, with an annual storage and sales volume of 90 million kilograms. There are more than 500 enterprises and organizations related to fruit production and marketing/kloc-0, forming a production and operation pattern integrating production, storage and marketing and an industrialized operation of "company+base+farmer". Fruit industry is second only to grain in scale and benefit in county economy, and has become a pillar industry with local characteristics. In order to maintain the traditional quality and characteristics of Ningjin Yali pear, solve the current situation that there is no standard to follow in Ningjin Yali pear for many years, and make Yali pear industry change from empirical planting to standardized planting to adapt to the changes in fruit market and cultivation methods, Xingtai Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau issued the Comprehensive Standard for Pollution-free Production and Management of Ningjin Yali pear to guide and standardize the production of Yali pear in the county. At the same time, the county has standardized the technical regulations for pear production, requiring the implementation of "six unification" management mechanisms such as unified fertilizer and water management, unified pruning, unified flower and fruit thinning, unified fruit bag type, unified pest control time, unified packaging and sales in key production links, and strengthening the training and guidance for farmers' technicians and technical backbones in the county to ensure various technologies. Tianjin Yali Pear (VI) Jinzhou Yali Pear is rich in resources. In 1995,/kloc-0 was named "China Yali Pear Town" by the state. In 2004, it was named "Top Ten Pear Industry Counties (Cities) in China". At present, there are 292,000 mu of fruit trees in the city, with a total output of 420,000 tons, ranking 36th among the top 100 counties (cities) announced by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2002, including 654.38+10,000 mu of Yali, with an annual output of 500 million Jin and an output value of 240 million yuan. Jinzhou Yali pear has a good quality and a long-standing reputation. It enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, and has been sold all over the country and exported to more than ten countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Australia, Russia and Southeast Asia. The main producers and exporters are Hebei Cui Yu Group and xian county and Great Wall Fruit Co., Ltd. In recent years, Jinzhou has continuously strengthened the structural adjustment of pear varieties, and new varieties such as Huang Guan, Gold, Crystal, Jinshui and Bali have been successfully introduced. Among them, the planting area of Huangguan pear has reached more than 60 thousand mu. As a provincial foreign trade export base, the collective orchards in Lujiazhuang Village are all over 50 years old, and it is one of the earliest "green" orchards in Jinzhou to realize standardized production. In order to further improve the quality and benefit of fruit, the municipal party committee and government proposed to build a national organic fruit production base, and now standardized cultivation management is being fully implemented in all production links such as fertilization, watering and pest control. At present, 6.5438+0.5 million mu of fruit trees have obtained pollution-free EIA certification. Tianjin Yali (VII) Since the Yali Party held the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in Botou, Tianjin, Botou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Party Committee have implemented the strategy of "invigorating agriculture with fruits" and adopted measures such as moving fruits eastward, developing young trees and renewing old trees, and the area of fruit trees has increased year by year. The planting area of fruit trees is 552,000 mu, accounting for 53.7% of the total cultivated land. The annual fruit output is 200 million kilograms, and the annual export volume is10.2 million tons. "China Yali" is known as a "good girl" in the international market and has become a hot commodity. 1996 Botou Yali pear obtained the national green food certificate, which indicates that Botou Yali pear has reached a high standard, high grade and high status. As the leading industry in Botou, fruit production has promoted the rapid development of transportation, storage, processing, paper making and other industries. Botou has 48 large cold storages with a total storage capacity of 4 tons, 8 large carton factories with an annual output of more than 9 million pear boxes, and 32 pear juice, canned food and candied dates processing factories. Products are sold to Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other Southeast Asian countries. The whole Botou has formed an industrial pattern of "planting, storage, packaging, sales and processing" of fruits. Related reports: The United States increased inspection measures for pears exported from China on the grounds that China pears were infected with Alternaria alternata (commonly known as black spot disease), which led to a large number of pears returned from China. In the first quarter, 982 tons of Yali pear exported from Tianjin Port were returned, with a value of $865,438+600,000, up 4.4 times and 6.2 times respectively. At the same time, the export of Yali pear at Tianjin Port has been greatly reduced. Statistics show that in the first quarter of this year, 2 1 10,000 tons of pears were exported, with a value of 3.86 million US dollars, down by 34.8% and 44.6% respectively compared with the same period last year. Among them, the number of pears exported to the United States in the first quarter decreased by 97.6%. Tianjin customs officials said that black spot disease will not endanger human health, and the United States is worried that pears infected with black spot disease will pose a threat to the cultivation of apples and pears in the United States. On February 22nd, 65438, USDA announced that it would suspend the import of China Yali pear indefinitely on the grounds that China Yali pear was infected with Alternaria again. This is the second time that the United States has suspended the import of China pears after it announced the suspension of the import of China pears in March 2002. After many negotiations and consultations between the product inspection and quarantine departments of China and the United States, the United States agreed to lift the ban on the import of China Yali pear, but greatly increased the import inspection of China Yali pear, and increased the inspection measures of China Yali pear at Sino-US ports. On February 18, 2006, it was learned from the AQSIQ that four containers of nearly 80 tons of Yali pears from Hebei, China were cleared at the Los Angeles port in the United States, and China Yali pears officially resumed their export to the United States. It is understood that up to now, 56 containers of Yali pears exported to the United States that have passed the quarantine inspection by Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau have reached nearly 1.200 tons, and the Yali pears returned to the American market are well received by American consumers, which is in short supply. At the same time, the quality inspection department also indicated that it will further strengthen the guidance and help to the production management level of fruit farmers and fruit export enterprises in producing areas, and expand the export of advantageous agricultural products such as fruits in China. The variety shows that the tree is stout, the bark is dark grayish brown, the annual branches are yellowish brown, the perennial branches are reddish brown, and the branching rate is low. The leaves are broadly ovoid, the apex is gradually pointed or pointed, the base is round or broadly round, the fruit is beautiful in appearance, and the pear stalk protrudes like a duck head. /kloc-0 harvested from late September to early October, yellow-green. Its main characteristics are large fruit (average single fruit weight 175g, maximum fruit weight 400g), thin skin and small core, no residue in juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, long aroma, crisp but not greasy, and it is known as "natural manna". Rich in vitamin C and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, it is a leader in vitamin B family; The sugar content is as high as 12% and can be stored for 5-6 months. Has the effects of clearing away heart fire, moistening lung, relieving cough and asthma, inducing diuresis, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, sobering up and detoxicating. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica said: "Pears can clear the heat of six internal organs for the living, and nourish the yin of five internal organs for the ripe ones". Modern medical pear soup can be used to treat pneumonia, respiratory diseases, pulmonary heart disease, hypertension and other diseases, with remarkable curative effect. It can also be processed into canned food, preserved pear, pear wine and other high-grade foods and drinks.