Scale insects are often male, have wings and can fly. Once female insects and larvae emerge, they feed on branches and leaves or fruits all their lives, resulting in yellowing of leaves, withering of branches and leaves, and decline of tree potential, which is easy to induce soot disease.
Extended data
control technology
I. Plant quarantine
Scale insects are often fixed and parasitic, with small bodies, which are mainly carried by host branches, scions, fruits and even trunks and spread over long distances. Therefore, the procurement, transportation and protected areas of seedlings, scions and fruits should be quarantined to prevent transmission.
Second, agricultural prevention and control
Strengthening orchard management, timely intertillage, fertilization and irrigation to meet the needs of fruit trees for water and fertilizer can enhance the tree vigor and improve the insect resistance of fruit trees. Combined with plastic pruning, burning branches with insects can greatly reduce the number of insect mouths.
Under natural conditions, scale insects have little activity, limited self-spreading ability and limited distribution. However, with the development of production, the exchange and transportation of flowers are frequent, and there are more and more opportunities for artificial and long-distance transmission of pests and diseases.
The quarantine work stipulates that flowers can be transported without dangerous pests (including all kinds of propagation materials). If pests and diseases are found, various effective measures should be taken to eliminate them to prevent further spread.
Third, biological control.
The natural enemies of scale insects include pathogenic microorganisms and natural enemies insects, of which the latter is the most important. There are some successful experiences in protecting and utilizing natural enemies and controlling scale insects, which should be summarized and popularized.
For example, ladybugs are the main predators of scale insects. The harm of scale insects and scale insects can be effectively controlled by providing shelter or artificial migration and releasing Australian ladybugs, red ladybugs and black-edged ladybugs.
The species of parasitic wasps and scale fungi are also very rich. For example, the sun wasp is an effective natural enemy to control the pear moth, which has become the object of introduction and utilization in the world, and further research should be strengthened. In addition, when taking other control measures, especially chemical control, we should try to avoid killing natural enemies.
Natural enemy factor
There are many kinds of natural enemies of scale insects, which have a certain inhibitory effect on their population. Predatory natural enemies are important natural enemies of scale insects, mainly belonging to COLEOPTERA, Neuroptera and mites, and also included in Dermatoptera, Diptera and Diptera.
Common predatory natural enemies are Australian ladybug, red ladybug, red ladybug and red-lipped ladybug.
C. Chrysopa palmatum, Chrysopa japonica, Chrysopa sinica, Chrysopa Shaanxi, etc.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-scale insects