A, leather materials:

1 cowhide?

The structural feature of cowhide is that the fiber bundles in dermal tissue are vertically staggered or slightly inclined, forming a staggered network, which is solid and dense, so it is strong, wear-resistant and folding-resistant. The pores on the grain surface are fine, dispersed and uniform, the surface is smooth and flat, the brightness is high after polishing, and the air permeability is good, so it is an excellent clothing material. Commonly used in bags, sports tops, shoes and wallets. ?

2. pigskin?

The structure of pigskin is characterized by rough and irregular dermal tissue and deep hairy roots, which pass through the cortex to reach the fat layer, so there are gaps in the fur holes, and the air permeability is better than that of cowhide, but the cortex is rough and the elasticity is poor. The grain surface is uneven, and the pores are thick and deep. Obviously, forming a three-point handle is the unique style of pigskin. Mainly used in footwear industry. ?

3. goatskin?

Thin skin, fine fiber cortex of dermis, parallel arrangement on the surface, dense tissue, so the surface has a strong luster, and it is breathable, flexible and firm. The pores on the grain surface are oblate and obliquely extended into the leather, with coarse grains protruding upwards, and several pores are arranged in a fish-scale shape. It is used to make coats, sports tops and so on. ?

4. sheepskin?

Sheepskin is characterized by thin skin, closely interwoven fiber bundles, smooth feel, good extensibility and elasticity, but slightly poor strength. Widely used in clothing, shoes and hats, gloves, backpacks and so on. ?

5. horse skin?

It is slightly thicker than cowhide, especially the back cortex is fine and firm, which can be used for shoemaking. Its pores are slightly larger, oval, and obliquely extend into the leather, forming a wavy arrangement. Horse skin is less used in clothing. ?

Second, the classification of leather:

1, according to purpose

Daily leather, national defense leather, industrial and agricultural leather, cultural and sporting goods leather;

2, according to the tanning method

Chrome tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather, oil tanned leather, aldehyde tanned leather and combined tanned leather, etc. In addition, it can be divided into light leather and heavy leather. Leather generally used for uppers, clothes, gloves, etc. , called light leather, measured by area; Leather made of thick animal skins tanned by vegetable tanning agents or combined tanning agents and used for leather shoes, outsoles and industrial accessories is called heavy leather and is measured by weight.

3. According to animal species

There are mainly pigskin, cowhide, sheepskin, horse skin, donkey skin, kangaroo skin, and a small amount of fish skin, reptile skin, amphibian skin and ostrich skin. Among them, cowhide is divided into cattle hide, buffalo hide, yak skin and yak skin; Sheepskin is divided into sheepskin and goatskin.

Among the main types of leather, cowhide and sheepskin have flat and thin surfaces, small pores, fine and dense internal structures, good fullness and elasticity, and good physical properties. Therefore, high-grade products generally use high-grade cowhide and sheepskin as leather materials, and their prices are higher in loose leather.

4, according to the level

There are top leather and two-layer leather, in which the top leather has full grain leather and trimmed leather; Two-layer leather includes pig two-layer leather and cow two-layer leather.

Extended data:

Leather maintenance method:

1, clean dirty surfaces

Whether it is leather shoes or leather clothes, as long as they pass through, they will be contaminated with dirt and dust, so they must be cleaned after daily use, which can also avoid some dirt staying on the leather for a long time and increase the difficulty of cleaning the leather.

When cleaning the surface, white vinegar can be mixed with water, and then a cloth can be dipped on the leather to wipe off dirt and dust. If the dirt is serious and there is no suitable detergent around, please send it to a professional store for cleaning immediately.

2, choose the right leather oil

If it is genuine leather, you can choose natural animal oil, such as mink oil or salmon nourishing oil. This oil mainly helps leather maintenance. However, there are some differences between different brands of animal oil in absorption and ductility. For example, although mink oil is cheap and easy to use, it is difficult to push it evenly and the absorption effect is slow, unless the leather is already in a very hungry state.

In addition, in terms of maintenance, it is not recommended to choose waxy leather oil. Although it will be very shiny, too much wax will affect the permeability and reduce the life of leather.

3, small grinding skin can be repaired naturally.

If there are some small scratches on the leather, you can gently and slowly wipe them with your fingertips, palm or cotton cloth, and push them along with your hands or a little leather oil, so that you can gradually eliminate the small scratches.

4, the collection should be appropriate

After careful maintenance, leather should be properly collected. Avoid putting leather in places that are too wet or too hot, and avoid direct sunlight. Too wet is easy to mold leather, and long-term exposure will dry leather, so try to put it in a ventilated and cool place.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Leather