1, dietary principle
1, and the food types range from simple to complex;
2. Food texture: liquid-semi-liquid-solid food;
3, a small number of meals, do not overeat, eager to make up;
2, acute phase diet
Fasting is appropriate at this time. Fasting can protect the pancreas from the stimulation of food and gastric acid, and reduce the secretion of the pancreas to a minimum, thus reducing the burden on the pancreas. At this stage, the patient needs to get enough fluids and electrolytes from the vein. Generally, patients take it for 2 ~ 3 days, and those with severe illness take it for 5 ~ 7 days.
3. Diet in the Early Stage of Rehabilitation
At the initial stage of recovery from acute pancreatitis, the diet does not contain fat and protein. The main foods are rice soup, lotus root starch, fruit juice and so on. , 6 meals a day, each time about 100ml. Used in the trial meal stage at the initial stage of improvement. At this stage, patients still need to replenish enough fluids and electrolytes. Generally, this diet is used 5 ~ 7 days after illness.
4. Diet in the Middle Stage of Rehabilitation
In the middle recovery period of acute pancreatitis, the diet contains a small amount of protein, but no fat. The main foods are lotus root starch, Longxu Noodles, fruit juice and a small amount of egg white, 6 meals a day, about 1.50ml each time. During this period, a small amount of liquid and electrolyte can be added to the patient. This diet is usually used 8-65,438+00 days after illness.
5. Diet in the Late Stage of Rehabilitation
In the late stage of recovery from acute pancreatitis, the diet contains protein and a very small amount of lipids. The main foods are lotus root starch, Longxu Noodles, rice porridge, bean soup, vegetable powder, egg white and a small amount of vegetable oil (5 ~ 10g/d). , 5 meals a day, 300-400ml each time, usually about15 days after illness.
After acute pancreatitis is cured, the diet should contain protein and a small amount of fat (about 30g). The main foods are: Longxu Noodles, flower rolls, steamed stuffed buns, rice porridge, lotus root starch, minced meat, minced vegetables and so on. 4 meals a day and gradually return to normal diet.
6. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis
1, abdominal pain
There are many factors that cause acute pancreatitis, but its main symptom is abdominal pain. 95% patients have different degrees of abdominal pain, which often occurs after a full meal or drinking. The pain site varies according to the condition, usually in the middle and upper abdomen, and can be transferred to the left lower abdomen.
2. zhongman
Not all patients with acute pancreatitis have symptoms of abdominal distension, which is related to the degree of inflammation. Inflammatory infiltration in retroperitoneal space, localized or diffuse peritonitis in upper abdomen, etc. It can paralyze your intestines and cause abdominal distension, while mild acute pancreatitis without infiltration will not cause abdominal distension.
3. Nausea and vomiting
About 90% patients with acute pancreatitis will have symptoms of nausea and vomiting, which are called the three major symptoms of acute pancreatitis together with abdominal pain. Nausea and vomiting are more frequent at the beginning of the disease, which can be gradually relieved with the illness, and abdominal pain will not be alleviated after vomiting.
4. diarrhea
Acute pancreatitis can also cause diarrhea, mainly pancreatic lesions. The excretion function of pancreatic juice is impaired, the food entering the duodenum is not fully digested, or the autonomic nerve function is disordered, and the secretion and absorption function of the intestine are impaired, resulting in diarrhea.
5. Have a fever
Most patients with acute pancreatitis will have moderate or above fever, and a few severe patients will have high fever, which usually lasts for 3~5 days. The main reason is that pancreatic necrosis products or pancreatic inflammation products enter the blood and act on the thermoregulatory center. Generally, the body temperature will slowly recover in 7~ 10 days. Of course, there will be secondary infection and fever again in the course of the disease.
6, jaundice
I believe many people regard jaundice as an inevitable symptom of pancreatitis, but this is not the case. Only 20~25% of acute pancreatitis will have jaundice symptoms, which usually appear within 1~2 days after onset. Pancreatitis with obstruction of pancreatic duct and biliary tract is the most prone to jaundice, but it will gradually subside after a few days. The main reason is that the pancreatic head edema compresses the common bile duct, which may also be caused by infection.
7. Hypocalcemia
There are still 30~60% patients with acute pancreatitis with hypocalcemia, such as convulsion, muscle spasm, abdominal cramps, tendon hyperreflexia and so on. The main reason is that trypsin decomposes neutral fat into glycerol and fatty acids in pancreatic parenchyma and extrapancreatic adipose tissue. The combination of fatty acids and calcium will promote the excretion of calcium and easily lead to hypocalcemia.