Chinese Name: The site of Yandao Ancient City consists of two parts: the main city and the auxiliary city. Located in the west ancient city of Yingjing County, Ya 'an City: east-west length: 400 meters, north-south width: 375 meters. Introduction to the ancient city ruins, the origin of Yandao and the composition of Gu Yan Road residents, all kinds of tombs and unearthed cultural relics, Bashu tombs in Nanluoba, brick tombs in Zengjiagou Warring States, brick tombs in Niutoushan, Shuijingkan tombs and Kozanji Temple tombs are square in plane, with a length of 400 meters from east to west and a width of 375 meters from north to south. Fragments of Han dynasty pottery pots, urns, bowls and tiles were found in rammed earth. The vice city is about 300 meters long from east to west and 200 meters wide from north to south. The construction method of the city wall is the same as that of the main city. The residual height of the East Wall is 1.2m, and the width is1.5m. There are a lot of Han Dynasty relics in the wall. The origin of Yandao and the composition of the residents of ancient Yandao. The original residents of Yingjing were composed of the native Bashu nationality, Yi Qiang nationality, Qing Yi nationality and foreign Chu people (including descendants of Shun, because Chu culture also has elements of Shun culture). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the descendant of Chu Zhuangwang, the King of Minshan Village, established the Minshan Kingdom from the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC and became a vassal state of Chu. Yingjing County belongs to the Wang Zhuang of Minshan Mountain, with a very important geographical position and convenient land and water transportation. It has become a transit point for Chu to transport gold from Lishui area. Wang of Minshan Village, surnamed Zhuang, is the agent in charge of gold in Lishui area of Yingjing. After Qin destroyed Shu, the royal family of Minshanzhuang was forced to "move south to Dianchi Lake", so the later store Wangzhuangjiao should also be a descendant. In the 6th century BC, Yingjing was already the copper smelting base of the enlightened dynasty in Shu, and also the trade center of bronze wares, yaks and horses in the enlightened Shu. In order to obtain yak, horse and copper smelting resources, the State of Qin annexed Shu in 329 BC, and moved a large number of "Yanyun" Qiang people from (present-day northern Shaanxi). Soon after, the Qiang people were greeted by the Qiang people in "Yanyun" and the local people (one of the Qiang tribes who moved southward during the Warring States period, and the Qiang chief called it Ying) and built a city in Lin Qiong. Therefore, the road built is called "Yan Dao" (this road went from Chengdu to Yunnan by Yan Dao in Han Dynasty, which can go directly to North Myanmar and then turn to India. This road, together with the folk trade routes passing through various tribes, is called the ancient "Southern Silk Road". The existence of this road was confirmed by the cliff stone carving of "Hejun Zunge" found in Yingjing County, Ya 'an in 2004. In 3 16 BC, Qin established Yandao County here (located in Guchengping, Liuhe Township, suburb of Yandao Town, Yingjing County), which was placed under Shu. In 3 12 BC (that is, the thirteenth year of Empress Qin Huiwen), Qin Huiwen's half-brother Chi captured Hanzhong from Chu for his outstanding military exploits and was named "Yanjun". In 306 BC (the third year of the reign of the King of Qin), Guo was appointed as Qin Guoxiang. In 285 BC (twenty-two years of Qin Dynasty), Qin abolished Shu, established Shu County, and strictly transferred it. In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and moved the capital (reigned in 6 13-590 BC, and was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period), so Yan Dao was also called "Zhuang Dao", until the Eastern Han Dynasty stopped using this name because he avoided Liu Zhuang, the Han Emperor. Emperor Wendi of the Han Dynasty (179- 156 BC) gave the favored minister copper smelting and casting money in Tongshan, Yandao, hence the saying that "Deng Qian is all over the world". In the third year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (AD 620), Jingrong County was established in Tang Dynasty. In the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1380), Rongzi changed from wood to water, and "Jing Rong" was named as "Yingjing". All kinds of tombs and unearthed cultural relics The tombs and unearthed cultural relics found in Yandao Ancient City from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties mainly include Tongxin Village Stone Workshop and Bashu Tomb: a large number of bronzes, cookers, seals and pottery were unearthed. Among them, a bronze chime and a "Chengdu" spear are very precious, which provide important physical materials for studying the history of southwest nationalities and Bashu culture. Barrow Bashu Tomb Group: A large number of bronzes, cookers, pottery and bone wares have been unearthed. According to experts' research, it dates back to the Western Zhou Dynasty, slightly earlier than the Bashu Tomb in Tongxin Village. Zengjiagou Warring States Tomb Zengjiagou Warring States Tomb is a tomb with vertical holes in earth pits: a large number of lacquerware (coffins, flat pots, ear cups, swords), woodwork (combs, combs, sticks), pottery (pots, pots) and bamboo (barns, baskets) have been unearthed. The lacquerware found fills the gap that Sichuan is a lacquerware production base and no physical evidence has been unearthed. One of the lacquer boxes is engraved with the word "Cao Cheng". According to expert appraisal, Chengdu was known as "Cao Cheng" and "City Pavilion" before it was named. Therefore, Yingjing cultural relics provide the mystery of Chengdu's name with unclear historical records, and also provide very rare physical materials for the evolution of Chengdu's name. Niutoushan Brick Tombs: A number of artifacts have been unearthed, including pottery (figurines, figurines, chickens, dogs, jars, retort), ironware (pots, knives, chisels), bronzes (pots, polished bricks), coins (five baht in Han Dynasty, yellow thousand in Dabu, and fifty in Daquan) and patterns. In the past, around the ruins of the ancient city, a wealth of wooden tombs from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, Bashu earthen tombs and cliff tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty were found. The rediscovery of brick-chamber tombs has added a new form of tombs, adding new material objects to the archaeological discovery and research of Yandao ancient city. There are earthenware objects, wedge-shaped lace bricks, auspicious characters (long live "stability" and "dryness"), pottery (figurines, chickens, cans, pots, dogs, retort), crank iron knives, ironware, and "Daquan 50" copper coins. The dense arrangement, chiseling form, drainage facilities and soil sealing methods of the tombs in the wells and gullies have their own uniqueness. It has increased and enriched the distribution area and cultural connotation of cliff tombs in Sichuan. Shuijingkan Gully Cliff Tomb: The history of Yandao Ancient City is basically connected from the early Warring States Period to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which proves that it was once a very prosperous frontier town, thus providing clues for exploring the history of Yandao, which is located at the starting point of Yak Road connecting southwest China. Tomb of Alpine Temple: A number of artifacts have been unearthed, including lacquerware (wooden box, round box, long box, ear cup), pottery (pot, kettle), carbon hairpins, eight baht and two coins. Unearthed artifacts, especially lacquerware, are numerous and of high value. One piece is made of bamboo, and the rest are made of hemp and wood. Most of them are painted with black paint inside and outside, and a few are painted with red paint inside and black paint outside. Elegant and exquisite shape. It is a valuable material for studying the history of Bashu lacquerware manufacturing and ancient lacquerware technology. There are nearly 7,000 cultural relics in the Yandao Ancient City Ruins Museum, which is rare in county-level museums in China. Therefore, Yingjing is one of the cultural relics counties in Sichuan Province. These cultural relics not only reflect Bashu culture with strong national characteristics, but also reflect the historical inheritance and cultural blending of Central Plains culture, Chu culture and sarcophagus burial culture. It provides systematic, detailed and precious material data for studying the history, production, life, politics, economy, military, culture and nationality of Bashu. Some historical experts who visited the site of Yandao ancient city pointed out that Yandao ancient city existed before Qin destroyed Ba and Shu. Xu Zhongshu, a professor of history at Sichuan University, believes that Yandao is the earliest kingdom of Minshan established by Chu people. Gao Jungang, director of the Yandao Ancient City Site Museum, told reporters recently, "We will apply to the state for underground excavation of the ancient city next year, and it is also expected to build a museum on the site." Yandao Road in Qin and Han Dynasties was built on the dangerous Xinghe terrace, with steep cliffs as the barrier, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack. Salt Island City is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with flat terrain and fertile land. The residents here have benefited a lot from generations. People have lived there for thousands of years. In July this year, the site of Yandao ancient city was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit. "This is a big event." Li, director of the Ya 'an Cultural Management Institute and a famous ancient cultural researcher, said. Compared with the sensitivity of cultural circles, people living in the local area seem to have not understood the significance of national cultural relics protection for some time, let alone the influence and connection with their lives. Up to now, for them, the ancient city is more just a place name, or an intangible vague concept. It is not difficult for reporters to find the secret ancient city site and inquire about the furniture of Yandao ancient city site in Yingjing County. "When you see the sand seller, you will arrive," said a restaurant owner in the county town enthusiastically. But there are only two monuments there, and you can't see anything. What are you doing? The owner is puzzled. Even in the billboards of many sand workshops, the signboards with several characters of Yandao ancient city ruins are still impressive. Follow the indicated path, there is a primary school on the right, and there are two monuments on the left in front of it, which write the key cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province and the national key cultural relics protection units respectively. Standing by the monument, I saw the land busy harvesting in twos and threes, and there was a scene of autumn harvest. The only "main road" seems to lead to a farmer's home. On the side of the road, a scalper is eating grass happily, occasionally raising his head lazily and looking around. This scene seems to be a far cry from the heavily guarded and prosperous Silk Road town thousands of years ago. In the sun, three little boys are playing in front of the stone tablet, and they seem to have little interest in the words on the two stone tablets that they can see every day. "We like to play here during recess and lunch break," said the children. The tall boy read aloud the words on the tablet. When asked what "national key cultural relics protection unit" meant, the children all shook their heads. When it comes to the ruins of ancient cities, they are even more puzzled. Compared with their interest in the ancient city, the digital cameras in the hands of journalists are more attractive to them. The children laughed loudly, and the childish voice floated on the ruins of the ancient city. 1970s, the Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted many excavations around the site of Yandao ancient city, and the unearthed cultural relics were very rich, especially in the Warring States and Qin and Han Dynasties. Experts found that the archaeological discoveries of Yandao ancient city and the ancient tombs found around the city site basically included the main tombs popular in Bashu during the Warring States Period. These unearthed cultural relics not only reflect Bashu culture with strong national characteristics, but also reflect the existence of Central Plains culture, Chu culture and sarcophagus burial culture. The ancient city of Yandao consists of the main city and the auxiliary city. Although the city site is not large in scale, it has reasonable design, rigorous structure and complete layout. As the border of Sichuan, it used to be a multi-ethnic fusion zone, where the cultures of different ethnic groups merged and developed. Once the site is excavated, it is of great significance to reveal the ancient Bashu culture. Some historians have pointed out that the ancient city of Yandao existed before Qin destroyed Bashu. Xu Zhongshu, a professor of history at Sichuan University, believes that Yandao is the earliest kingdom of Minshan established by Chu people. The application of a section of Han city wall next to the site of Yandao ancient city has attracted the attention of countless archaeologists for many years. Standing next to the ox and looking at the end of the road, this scene has almost nothing to do with the majestic ancient city wall subconsciously. A little girl walking on the road pointed to the end of the path and said, "The wall you are looking for is there, beyond the bamboo forest." Bypassing the bamboo forest, among the weeds, I saw a yellowed rock several meters long. Villager Yang Xianwei told reporters that he has lived here for more than 30 years. "When we were young, this wall was surrounded by all kinds of bamboos. Outside the wall is a graveyard. This wall is more than twice as high as it is now. It bends to the river from the right. I played it when I was a child, but I can't see it now. " He said. Stroking these ancient rocks, green moss and weathered holes are clearly visible. There is a small hole every one meter, and next to the bamboo forest is a bamboo fence of a family ... On the surface, the basic shape of the city wall can't be seen here. Yang Xianwei recalled that when he was a child, he heard from his grandparents that there was a tunnel in this wall that could lead to the outside of the city. As for the actual existence, no one has confirmed it now. Since experts have verified that it is the wall of Han Dynasty, why is there no inscription? Gao Jungang, director of Yandao Ancient City Site Museum, said that next year they will invite relevant experts to carry out protection planning and design for Yandao Ancient City Site, including the ancient city wall. In order to effectively protect this ancient city wall and avoid unnecessary waste of resources, they intend to ask experts to design it uniformly. "Next year, we will apply to the state for underground excavation of the ancient city, and it is expected that a museum will be built on the site." Gao jungang said.