1. Growth and development characteristics of school-age children School-age refers to children aged 6~ 12, usually in primary school. At this time, the child's growth and development gradually stabilized, but in the later stage, that is, the senior grade of primary school, it entered the second accelerated period of life. School-age children can gain 2~2.5 kilograms in weight and 4~7.5 centimeters in height every year. However, there are great differences among individuals, which are closely related to gender, active state and puberty. During this period, children's physique maintained steady growth and their intelligence developed rapidly. In addition to the reproductive system, organs and systems have gradually developed to the level of adults. 2. Nutritional needs of school-age children At this stage, children are still in the growth stage, and anabolism is greater than catabolism. Therefore, the demand for energy and various nutrients is relatively high. Secondly, the transition from family or kindergarten to school during this period has led to changes in nutritional needs and dietary behavior, and some nutritional problems may occur. The demand for nutrients and energy increases with age, and increases significantly with the acceleration of growth in the later period. The recommended daily energy intake from 6 years old to 12 years old increased from 1700 kcal to 2400 kcal (male); 65,438+0,600 calories will be increased to 2,200 calories (female), and the daily recommended intake in protein will be increased from 55g to 75g, regardless of gender, so a certain amount of high-quality protein should be guaranteed. The energy provided by protein should account for 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+04% of the total dietary energy, and the demand for other important minerals and vitamins has also greatly increased. Due to the rapid growth of bones, there is a great demand for minerals, especially calcium. The suitable daily intake of calcium is increased from 800 mg to 1000 mg, phosphorus from 700 mg to 1000 mg, and iron from 12 mg to 16 mg (male) and/kloc-0. The recommended daily intake of zinc increased from 65,438+03.5 mg to 65,438+08 mg (male) and 65,438+05 mg (female), and the requirements of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and folic acid increased significantly respectively. 3. School-age children with nutritional problems spend most of their time in school, and their environment, time allocation, physical strength and energy consumption are very different from those of preschool children. Intense study, increased physical activity and unreasonable eating behaviors, such as not paying attention to breakfast and inappropriate time and kinds of snacks, may affect the nutritional status. The common nutritional problems of school-age children are iron deficiency anemia, vitamin A and B deficiency, calcium and zinc deficiency and so on. Malnutrition coexists with overweight caused by unbalanced diet. The dietary intake of school-age children is almost the same as that of adults, because they are in the growing period. 300-500g of cereal can provide enough energy and B vitamins every day, a bag of milk can provide protein and calcium every day, and an egg and animal food 100g- 150g can provide high-quality protein, rich and easily absorbed minerals such as vitamin A and iron. Parents and schools need to be reminded that when arranging meals for school-age children, they should pay attention to: 1, the diversity and reasonable balance of meals, and ensure sufficient quantity. Abundant energy and nutrition are not only necessary to meet children's growth and development needs, but also necessary to improve learning efficiency and develop intelligence. 2, arrange three meals a day, especially to ensure a good breakfast, breakfast intake of energy should account for 30% of the total energy of a day. Breakfast is not only full, but also good. Generally, there should be a certain amount of dry food such as bread, cakes and steamed bread. And it is best to have a certain amount of animal food such as milk, eggs and floss. If breakfast is not nutritious enough, it will affect children's concentration in the morning and affect the efficiency of class. Lunch is also very important, providing 40% energy every day. At school, it is best to eat nutritious meals provided by manufacturers who specialize in nutritious lunches. Dinner at home, the general family dinner is the most abundant, but dinner should not be too saturated and greasy. 3. Cultivate good eating habits, eat less snacks and sugary drinks, and pay attention to food hygiene.