Chinese Review Outline for the Second Volume of the Eighth Grade

1. Vocabulary Accumulation

Failed, not inferior, criticized, excused, glossy, discernible, cadence, deep hatred, illness, punishment, wide range, forgiveness, literary crepe. Miserable secrets toss and turn, stranded, stupid tools, confinement, high-spirited, sharp, dwarfs, wine, awkward, shoddy, hiding filth and evil, melancholy, the chickens stand upright, nod, eyebrows lowered, fearful, unquestionable, eclipsed, the vastness twists and turns, looking forward to multiplying, migrating, foraging for food, blooming flowers, beautiful, blooming, and sudden changes in the wind and clouds Indescribable falling flowers, colorful meditation, period of AI, Ai Ai, knowledge, beauty, beauty, dissipation, bitterness, powder, sneeze, muddy water, abuse, hesitation, whipping, prayer, sin, thunder, valley, Chang'e, boundless emerald spirit, sinuous, stubborn, eternal vows, haggard gift, true meaning, inlaid with cool figure, long sigh, thousands of mountains and valleys, domineering and arrogant. Artemisia is close at hand and in disarray, shouting Afraid of overestimation, pale in comparison to exquisite exquisite delicacies, bleak and warm, dried up, devoured by naked Gobi Desert, vicissitudes of life, provocative, rat-eyed, short-sighted, complementary, silent, prying, hunting scruples, withered, gliding, arrogant, everything smiles, claps, trembles, incomprehensible, one is confident, unquestionable, generous, treats colleagues, works hard, does not complain, squats, rewards and Xiwei Simplicity means simple things Get up, quote scriptures, travel freely, dragon chants, phoenix gate, lintel, amaranth, native place, Chenghuang Temple, attracting awe, firefly reflecting snow, iron mortar, straw, adapting to circumstances, rhyming, glib tongue, home brew, taking the lead, as the name suggests, acting in every situation, looking at the wind, steering the ship, being ignorant and well-informed

1. "Mr. Fujino" is a retrospective prose written by Mr. Lu Xun, which is collected in "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk".

Lu Xun (1881.9.25-1936.10.19), whose original name was Zhou Zhangshou (later renamed Zhou Shuren), had the courtesy name Yushan and later changed to Hecai. When he published his first vernacular novel "A Madman's Diary" (May 1918), he began to use "Lu Xun" as his pen name. He is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China.

This retrospective essay expresses the author’s sincere memory of Mr. Fujino and praises his noble qualities of integrity, enthusiasm, rigorous scholarship, and lack of narrow national prejudice. The author traces the changes in his thoughts on abandoning medicine to pursue literature, and the article is filled with strong patriotism. This article is narrated based on the passage of time, the transfer of locations and the sequence of events. The article uses the author's interaction with Mr. Fujino as a narrative clue, and there is also an inner hidden thread, which is the change in the author's thoughts and feelings. The article specifically writes four things, which express Mr. Fujino’s noble qualities from different aspects.

(1) Taking the initiative to care about "my" study and carefully changing the handouts for "me" shows Mr. Fujino's serious and responsible spirit from beginning to end.

(2) Correcting the anatomy diagram for "me" reflects Mr. Fujino's strict requirements and perseverance in teaching students.

(3) Caring about the anatomy practice shows that Mr. Fujino has always been concerned about and thinking about "my" study, which is both enthusiastic and sincere.

(4) Learning about Chinese women’s foot binding from “me” shows his interest in osteology and his realistic spirit. The text also uses line drawing to outline the characteristics of the characters.

2. The author of "My Mother" is the scholar Hu Shi. The article is selected from "The Autobiography of Hu Shi". Hu Shi is a famous modern scholar, poet, historian, writer and philosopher. This article writes about how I grew up under the strict requirements and affectionate care of my mother from childhood to adolescence. It shows the mother's extremely deep love for her son and excellent character and quality, and expresses the author's memory and respect for his mother. Judging from the full text, the text describes three aspects of my mother's affairs: first, my discipline; second, how to deal with family difficulties and conflicts as the head of the family; third, how to deal with insults to one's personality from others. When writing about the mother's difficulties as a stepmother, she mainly writes about three things:

(1) How to deal with the prodigal brother's creditors on New Year's Eve, which shows the mother's tolerance and kindness;

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(2) The conflict between how to get along with my elder sister-in-law and second sister-in-law and how to treat their sisters-in-law. This incident shows the mother's tolerant and gentle character.

(3) It is written that the mother was very angry when she was insulted on her personality, and she did not stop until she asked the fifth uncle who said irresponsible things to admit his mistake in person. This incident showed the "strong" side of the mother. Therefore, as a person, my mother has the excellent qualities of self-denial, humility, tolerance, kindness, and kindness.

3. "My First Book" is selected from "Cultural Celebrities Recall Their Student Times" (Part 2), written by Niu Han. The article begins with an interview with a poet, which naturally leads to the topic. It not only points out that "my first book" refers to the Chinese textbook for the first grade of primary school, but also shows the importance of this first book in my life. This first lesson in life contains the hardships of life, the warmth of the world, the friendship of classmates and the fun of school. "My first book" is also the narrative thread of this article.

4. "Leo Tolstoy" is an excerpt from "Three Writers". The author Zweig is a famous Austrian novelist and biographer. This article is a "portrait" of Leo Tolstoy. The author not only shows us Tolstoy's unique appearance characteristics, but also reveals Tolstoy's profound spiritual world. The lines are filled with the author's infinite reverence and praise. The article's unique artistic expression mainly has two aspects. First, the author writes about the mediocre and crude side of the great man in his heart, and second, it uses a large number of metaphors and exaggerated rhetorical techniques.

5. "Reshaping Life" is an excerpt from "If You Give Me Three Days of Sight", written by Helen Keller, an American female writer who became blind, deaf-mute due to illness at an early age. This article describes Teacher Sullivan's superb educational art, and also expresses the author's eagerness for knowledge and his difficult but pleasant life experience. "Reshape life" literally means "reshape life, regain life". But in this article, reshaping life means "the light of love shines on me". Originally, "in that silent and dark world, I would have no tenderness and sympathy at all." However, in Shakespeare Under the education of Teacher Li Wen, "my" soul was awakened and once again had "light, hope, happiness and freedom".

6. "Snow" is selected from Lu Xun's collection of prose poems "Wild Grass". The author's thoughts and feelings are expressed through his praise of the snow in the north. The peaceful and tranquil beauty like the snow in the south of the Yangtze River can certainly make people like it, but the more sublime beauty should be like the snow in the north, which dares to face the bleak life and is sublimated in the tragic battle.

7. "Ode to Thunder" is selected from Guo Moruo's historical drama "Qu Yuan". This historical drama was written by Comrade Guo Moruo in Chongqing in 1942. It used the past to satirize the present, exposed the dark reality under the rule of the Kuomintang, criticized Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary rule, and conveyed the people's true will to oppose the Kuomintang dictatorship. The text "Ode to Thunder" is a monologue by Qu Yuan in Act 5, Scene 2. This single piece is, on the one hand, the expectation and praise of wind, thunder and lightning, and on the other hand, the desire and pursuit of light.

8. "Sun" and "Moon" in "Two Short Essays" are selected from the collection of essays "Dragon? Tiger? Dog". The author Ba Jin, whose original name is Li Yaotang and whose courtesy name is Fu Gan, was born in Chengdu, Sichuan. Famous modern and contemporary litterateur. When he wrote his debut novel "Destruction" and published it, he began to use the pseudonym "Ba Jin". His major works include "The Torrent Trilogy" ("Home", "Spring" and "Autumn") and "The Love Trilogy" ("Fog", "Rain" and "Electricity"). "Sun" uses two examples of "moths flying into the flames" and "Kuafu chasing the sun" to praise their heroic dedication to the pursuit of light and heat, and expresses that they would rather die in a vigorous battle than live in the cold and lonely. Fighting determination. "Moon" describes the coldness and lifelessness of the real world through "my" feelings about the invasion of cold moonlight, and praises the dedication of people like Chang'e who are willing to sacrifice to change the status quo.

9. "Haiyan" is a famous prose poem written by Gorky, a Russian writer, "the greatest representative of proletarian art" (Lenin's words), the founder of socialist realist literature, and a proletarian poet. Class revolutionary literature instructor. His major works include the autobiographical trilogy "Childhood", "In the World" and "My University", the novel "Mother", the play "Little Burgher", etc. "Petrel" is the concluding part of Gorky's "Fantasia" "Melody of Spring" written in March 1901, originally titled "Song of Petrel". The full text uses symbolic techniques to describe Haiyan's brave and joyful image when the storm is approaching, which profoundly reflects the rapidly developing revolutionary situation on the eve of the Russian Revolution in 1905, and enthusiastically praises the courageous and fearless fighting of the pioneers of the Russian proletarian revolution. The spirit is an ode to proletarian fighting. The petrel symbolizes the image of a proletarian revolutionary pioneer who is brave, strong, optimistic, confident and dedicated; the "seagulls, sea ducks and penguins" symbolize all kinds of selfish, cowardly fake revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries; the "dark clouds and strong wind" symbolize the counter-revolution power.

10. In "Suite" ("Song of Waves" and "Song of Rain" are selected from "Tears and Laughter", the author is Gibran, a Lebanese poet and painter. He is the author of a collection of prose poems "Tears and Laughter" "Prophet", "Sand and Foam", etc. The song group includes five prose poems, namely "Song of Waves", "Song of Rain", "Song of Beauty", "Song of Flowers" and "Song of Happiness". "Song of the Waves" uses the voice of the waves to describe their love for the coast and their friendship for things around them. It shows the author's praise of pure love and fraternity spirit, and also expresses his unswerving feelings and loyalty to the motherland in a tortuous way. "Song of Rain" uses personification and the form of rain's self-narration to describe the movement and change process of raindrops in nature, praising the various benefits that raindrops bring to nature and praising the selfless dedication of raindrops. It expresses the beauty of life, expresses the poet's passionate love for life, and contains the author's love for the motherland and his willingness to devote his life to the motherland.

11. "Respect for Nature" is An argumentative essay, selected from "The Wisdom of Nature", written by Yan Chunyou. The whole article uses a step-by-step and logical explanation method, starting from the slogan of denying "conquering nature", using a combination of generalization and specific development, which is clever. Use the method of contrast to fully establish the argument, and finally draw the conclusion of "revere nature".

Tell human beings that they should fundamentally change their ideas and no longer claim to "conquer nature". They should respect and care for nature, because human beings are "just an ordinary part of the body of nature" and human beings have a brotherly relationship with other things in nature. .

12. "Lop Nur, the Lost Fairy Lake" is an excerpt from "Treat Home Kindly - A Record of Concerns about China's Geological Disasters" by Wu Gang. This article is a reportage. Through the comparison of Lop Nur's past and present, it reveals that the disappearance of a beautiful lake in Lop Nur is a tragedy of man-made destruction of the ecological environment. Integrate the concepts of ecological awareness, environmental protection awareness, and sustainable development awareness into the text, and use a strong voice to alert the world to establish national environmental awareness and do a good job in ecological protection.

13. The author of "The Mystery of Lemmings" is Menghua. This is a very unique science sketch. The article uses a narrative framework and a dialogue method to introduce scientific knowledge. There are three major mysteries of Arctic lemmings, which are introduced from three aspects, namely, their reproductive capacity is astonishing, the best in the animal world; the reproduction of lemmings does not happen every year. Once there are too many lemmings, they will engage in various strange suicide behaviors or stop eating. They may actively provoke natural enemies in front of them, or they may change their fur color to attract natural enemies; during the Great Death Migration, millions of lemmings will form a mighty team, rush to the sea, and be buried in the sea. The strange behavior of lemmings gives us a revelation: humans should not continue to reproduce without restraint.

14. "The Return of the Wild Geese" is excerpted from "The Sand Country Almanack" (a collection of nature essays and philosophical essays, known as "the holy book of the American resource conservation movement"), written by Leopold, Famous American environmentalist. The article uses anthropomorphic techniques to introduce the characteristics, rules and relationship between wild geese migration and human beings. It believes that wild geese are partners of human beings. Animals make temple balls full of vitality, poetry and fun. Human beings should cherish animals that are beneficial and non-destructive, and harmonious** At the same time, you should not use your own advantages to hurt them. The word "love" runs through the whole text. Obviously, "protect wild animals and cherish wild animals" is the main purpose of the whole article. In terms of writing, the perfect combination of imagery, knowledge and lyricism is a major feature of this article.

15. "Hey - Come Out" is selected from "Uninvited Guests - Selected Short Stories by Hoshi Shinichi". The author Hoshi Shinichi is a modern Japanese science fiction writer. He is famous for his micro-novel. The most important feature of his works is his conception. clever. This article is a science fiction novel with the theme of environmental pollution. It tells the story of a typhoon that blew down an ancient temple, revealing a bottomless pit at the bottom of the temple. After some research on this hole, it later became a place where people filled their garbage. Finally one day, everything inside flew out again. The novel reveals the relationship between man and the natural environment and warns the world to face up to environmental issues. The title of the novel is full of suspense. It was originally a young man's shout, but it actually contains the team's superficial ignorance of nature. At the end, the little pebbles are flying. This cyclic structure is thought-provoking and thought-provoking.

16. "Singing Party in Yunnan" is a very interesting prose. The author Shen Congwen is a native of Phoenix, Hunan, a modern writer and a researcher of historical relics. The article describes the singing scenes on three occasions, each with different emphasis in content and different techniques. The first part is antiphonal songs in the mountains and fields, mainly about the singers; the second part is about songs on the mountain road, mainly about the singing environment; the third part is about songs passed down in villages, mainly about the scenes of singing. The words are filled with taste and appreciation for nature, people and art. The beauty of life flows out in the author's lyrical style.

17. Wang Zengqi, the author of "Duck Eggs on the Dragon Boat Festival", is a writer from Gaoyou, Jiangsu. The article is structured according to the framework of "Dragon Boat Festival Customs-Duck Eggs in Hometown-Duck Eggs in Dragon Boat Festival". It first depicts the atmosphere of "Dragon Boat Festival" in detail, and then writes about the reputation and characteristics of duck eggs in hometown by talking about duck eggs. Finally, it involves the main topic "Duck Eggs at the Dragon Boat Festival", focusing on "Duck Egg Luozi", discovering interest and poetry in ordinary life, tasting the taste of life in the little duck eggs, and revealing the love between leisure and tranquility. The nostalgia of childhood life and the love for hometown.

18. "Scream" is selected from "Miscellaneous Memories of Beijing City", written by Xiao Qian, a writer, journalist and translator. The article introduces a moving scene in the streets of old Beijing - shouting - in plain yet lively and humorous language. It is introduced in the order from morning to night and the four seasons of the year. It reveals pleasure and nostalgia in the slow recalling tone. It invites people to appreciate the rich interest contained in life.

19. Qi Jun, the author of "Spring Wine", is a Taiwanese female writer. By writing about "celebrating the New Year", "eating spring wine" and "eating wine", the article uses my innocence and cuteness, my mother's kindness and ability, and the simplicity and kindness of the villagers to express the strong beauty of human relations and folk customs and the feeling of homesickness. . The concept is exquisite and the language is vivid and expressive.

20. "Strange People in the World" is a series of novels written by Feng Jicai depicting the lives of ordinary citizens and small producers in Tianjin in the early 20th century. The text excerpts include "Clay Figure Zhang" and "Good-mouthed Yang Ba". "Clay Figure Zhang" depicts the clay figure Zhang Zhi fighting against Hai Zhang Wu to show his calmness and ability. He can remain calm and calm in the face of Hai Zhang Wu's humiliation, and his joy and anger are invisible. In the two rounds of the struggle, he was good at attacking from behind and defeated the enemy with one move in a unique way. "Good Mouth Yangba" describes Yang Qi, who has wonderful ideas and exquisite skills in snack making. Yang Ba is able to adapt to changes and remain calm in situations of chaos. The language of the text is simple in nature, with a strong Tianjin flavor, and is humorous and expressive.

Three Ancient Literature Knowledge

21. "Sishu with Zhu Yuan" is selected from "Art and Literature Collection", written by Wu Jun, a Liang writer in the Southern Dynasty. This is a landscape sketch. The author uses concise and meaningful pen and ink to depict a picture of nature full of vitality. The article first briefly describes the unique and beautiful scenery of Fuchun River. Then it turns to the description of the wonders of the mountains and the differences of the water. Touching the scene and arousing emotion, it naturally reveals contempt for those who pursue wealth and wealth, and implicitly conveys the noble aspirations of admiring the beautiful nature and retreating from the world. In terms of writing method, the style of parallel prose is used. The whole article is mainly composed of couplets and pays attention to antithesis and rhythm.

22. "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu" is selected from "The Collection of Tao Yuanming". The author is Tao Yuanming, a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This article is a biography written by the author on behalf of Mr. Wu Liu, and it is actually an autobiography. The full text creates an image of a hermit who is independent of the world from aspects such as his thoughts, personality, hobbies, and living conditions, and praises his spirit of being content with poverty and happy with morality. The writing style of the article has outstanding characteristics, namely: it uses negative sentences mostly, the language is simple and concise, and the content may seem plain, but in fact it contains profound meaning.

23. "Horse Theory" is selected from "Selected Works of Han Yu", written by Han Yu, a writer of the Tang Dynasty. This article uses the allegorical method of writing, using the metaphor that a thousand-mile horse will never meet a Bole, and it is a metaphor that a wise man rarely meets a wise master. The author hopes that rulers can identify talents and reuse them so that they can give full play to their talents. It expresses the author's resentment and poverty due to his talent being ignored, and satirizes, criticizes and accuses the rulers of burying and destroying talents. A thousand-mile horse represents talents; Bole represents people who can discover, appreciate and appoint talents; horse-eaters represent shallow and foolish rulers who do not recognize talents, destroy talents, and bury talents.

24. "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang" is excerpted from "Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty", written by Song Lian, a writer in the early Ming Dynasty. This article is the author's parting words to fellow students. In the article, the author describes his experience of studying hard and studying hard as a teenager. Encourage young people to study diligently and become people with both ability and political integrity.

25. In "Five Poems, Songs and Songs", the author of "Rewarding Lotte and Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" is Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty. This seven-line poem expresses It reflects the poet's optimistic attitude and enterprising spirit towards life.

The author of "Red Cliff" is Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty. This poem uses the historical story of the Battle of Red Cliff to express the poet's depression and injustice where the hero has no place to play.

The author of "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" is Wen Tianxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty. This seven-line poem expresses the poet's concern for the country and his heroic ambition to sacrifice his life for righteousness and sacrifice for the country.

The author of "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" is Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty. This poem expresses the poet's longing for his siblings and his depression and melancholy, but it ends with an optimistic and broad-minded feeling.

Zhang Yanghao, the author of "Sheep on the Hillside? Tong Cares about Ancient Times", was a Sanqu writer in the Yuan Dynasty. This song expresses the author's concern for the sufferings of the people and his concern for the country and the people.

26. "The Story of Xiaoshitan" is selected from "Liuhedong Collection". The author Liu Zongyuan, courtesy name Zihou, was a litterateur of the Tang Dynasty and one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". This article is the fourth chapter of "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" written by Liu Zongyuan after he was demoted to Yongzhou. The original title is "A Journey to Xiaoshitan in the West of Xiaoqiu". The article first writes about the scenery seen, then uses a close-up shot to depict the swimming fish and the pond water, and then writes about the scenery on the pond and my own feelings. It describes the deep and cold silence of Xiaoshitan and its surroundings. The view and atmosphere. The scene description conveys his lonely and desolate mood in the relegated life. It is a masterpiece that blends scenes.

27. "The Story of Yueyang Tower" is selected from "The Collection of Fan Wenzhenggong". The author Fan Zhongyan, courtesy name Xiwen, was a politician, military strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This article was written at the request of a friend to record the rebuilt Yueyang Tower. The author uses the name "Ji" to express the broad-minded mind of "not to be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself" and the political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", implicitly expressing A message to my friend Teng Zijing. The full text is rich in content and emotion, and naturally combines narrative, scene description, discussion, and lyricism. It not only explains the story of the matter, but also describes the color of the lake and water; it has both vigilant and profound discussion and melancholy. Lyrical. The sentence pattern is mainly single-line prose sentences, with occasional parallel and even short sentences, which are both fluent and concise. The parallel sentences that describe the scenery have gorgeous diction and harmonious phonology; the prose sentences that discuss the emotions are full of cadence and variety. Such a combination of parallel and prose, both literary and quality, has a strong artistic appeal.

28. "The Drunkard Pavilion" is selected from "Selected Prose of Ouyang Xiu". Ouyang Xiu, also known as Yongshu, called himself Drunkard. In his later years, he was also known as Liuyi Jushi. He was a writer of the Song Dynasty and one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". "one. This is a beautifully written landscape travel note, written in the second year after Ouyang Xiu took office in Chuzhou. It shows the author's broad-minded feelings of being at peace with the situation and enjoying himself with the people. The author's "joy" can be summarized into three aspects: first, "the joy of mountains and rivers"; second, "the joy of feasting"; and third, "the joy of entertaining people". The article combines parallel and prose in the sentence structure, so that the article has both the artistic conception of poetry and the beauty of prose.

29. "Travel to Manjing" is selected from "Yuan Zhonglang's Collection of Notes". The author Yuan Hongdao, courtesy name Zhonglang, also known as Shi Gong, was a writer in the Ming Dynasty. He and his brother Yuan Zongdao and his younger brother Yuan Zhongdao both had literary achievements. , known as the "Three Yuans of Public Security". They believe that literature should "express one's own soul and not stick to stereotypes".

This article is a fresh sketch that vividly reproduces the joyful mood of a "city dweller" who has been "confined in a room" all winter and now returns to nature "or escapes from the cage".

30. "Drinking" in "Five Poems", written by Tao Yuanming, is a five-character ancient poem that describes the poet's leisurely and contented reclusive life in the countryside. Through the narration of the scene before him, it illustrates The philosophy of "the mind is far away and the place is biased" expresses the author's peaceful mood and rich spiritual life that he finds pleasure in the natural scenery.

Li Bai, the author of "The Difficult Journey", describes the difficult life in the poem, which reflects the intense anguish, depression and injustice in the poet's heart after he suffered political setbacks; at the same time, it also expresses the poet's stubbornness, The self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals demonstrate the poet's strong spiritual power in trying to break free from depression.

Du Fu, the author of "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", describes the scene of the house being broken by the autumn wind and being wetted by the long night, expressing the author's concern for the country and the people.

Cen Shen, the author of "Song of Snow to Send Judge Wu Back to the Capital", uses the style of song to write about the strange cold of wind and snow in the northwest border, expressing the deep friendship of seeing off guests in the snow and the joy of seeing off friends when they return to Beijing. The feeling of sadness that arises.

Gong Zizhen, the author of "Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai", expresses the poet's complex emotions when he resigned and left Beijing. It shows the poet's strong character and dedication to not be afraid of setbacks, unwilling to sink, and always serve the country. Spirit.

Simultaneous writing of four ancient poems:

1. In the poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean", Wen Tianxiang used metaphors to express the peril of the Song Dynasty and the ups and downs of his personal life: the mountains and rivers are dilapidated and the wind is blowing Xu, life experience was hit by rain and Pingping.

2. The eternal famous sentence in "Rewarding Lotte Seeing Gifts at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" reveals that new things will definitely replace old things is:

Thousands of sails are passing by the side of the sunken boat, and the diseased trees are Wan Muchun ahead.

3. In "Shanshan Sheep? Zhang Guan Guan", a penetrating discussion reveals the antagonism between feudal rule and the people:

In prosperity, the people suffer; in death, the people suffer.

4. The national hero Wen Tianxiang once said a saying that is in line with Mencius’ spirit of “sacrifice one’s life for righteousness”. This famous saying is:

Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history.

5. In "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", Su Shi looked at the bright moon and wished his brothers peace. Nowadays, people often use the words to bless their relatives and friends: I hope that people will live long and travel thousands of miles to the moon.

6. The sentence in the article "Horse Theory" that reveals the reason why the thousand-mile horse was buried is:

Those who eat horses do not know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat.

7. The poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" shows that the author's famous line through the ages is:

Since ancient times, no one has died, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history.

8. The famous sentence in "Shanshan Yangtong Cares about the Ancient" summarizes the essence of feudal society, embodies deep sympathy for the working people, and strongly condemns the feudal rulers:

Xing, The people suffer, die, the people suffer.

9. In "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", Tao Yuanming's unique insights on the issue of reading are:

A good reader does not ask for deep explanations.

10. In "Red Cliff", the poem that uses the fate of Er Qiao to reflect the significant impact of the Battle of Red Cliff is:

The east wind does not agree with Zhou Lang, and Tongque Chun is locked in two Qiao

11. The two sentences in "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" that best reflect Wen Tianxiang's noble national integrity are:

Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history.

12. In "The Sheep on the Hillside? Tong Cares About the Ancients", the author summarizes and evaluates the past history in the following verses:

In prosperity, the people suffer; in death, the people suffer.

13. The poem in "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" expresses the desire to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the world with relatives:

I hope that people will live long and enjoy the beauty of the moon thousands of miles away.

14. In "The Story of Little Rock Pond", the sentence describing the motion of the fish is: The shadow is spread on the stone, motionless;

The sentence describing the motion of the fish is: "I'm far away" Passing away, coming and going suddenly;

The sentence describing the desolate feeling when playing is: desolate and cold, quiet and profound;

and "the water under the courtyard is empty and clear, and the algae in the water are , water plants cross each other, covered with bamboo and cypress shadows."

There is a wonderful sentence with the same meaning but the same purpose: there are hundreds of fish in the pond, and they are all as if they are swimming in the sky and have nothing to support. The sun is shining brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they don't move; they are far away, and they come and go.

15. There are many popular idioms in "The Story of Yueyang Tower": to describe the prosperity of the country and the people is the good government and people; to describe the vigorous development of construction, it is the prosperity of all wastes; to describe the scenery is the variety of things and the very spectacular There are many things to see; to describe the vastness of the water is: vast water; to describe being open-minded and cheerful is: relaxed and happy; to describe the broad-mindedness of "ancient benevolent people" is: not to be happy with things, not to be sad with oneself;

The conclusion drawn from the broad mind and noble morals of the "ancient benevolent people" is: if you live high in the temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your king;

The sentence that expresses the author's political ambition is: Worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness.

The sentence that describes the sunny scene with the joy of birds and leaping fish is: The sand gulls gather and the golden scales swim.

16. The finishing touch in "The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion" is: People enjoy themselves by traveling with the prefect, but they don't know what the prefect enjoys; the sentence expressing "the prefect's joy" is: Drunk Those who are able to enjoy themselves and are able to describe them in writing;

The sentence that explains "the words are here and the intention is there" is: the drunkard's intention is not in the wine, but in the mountains and rivers;

The sentence that unifies "drunk" and "happy" and points out the main idea of ??the whole text is: drunkenness can be accompanied by joy.

17. The sentence in "Travel Notes of Manjing" that compares spring water to be clear and bright, and the water waves sparkling is:

The crystal is like a newly opened mirror and the cold light has suddenly emerged from the box. Also;

The sentence that describes one's happy and joyful mood is: If the bird escapes from the cage;

The sentence that always describes the scenery of spring is: High willow trees and embankments, the earth is slightly moist, and one glances at it. Open and spacious;

A philosophical sentence in the article is: I know that there is no spring outside the suburbs, and those who live in the city don't know it.

18. In Li Bai's poem "The Road Is Difficult", the famous line that expresses the author's lofty ambition is:

There will be times when the wind breaks through the waves, and the cloud sails are directly hung to help the sea.

19. Cen Shen, a frontier poet of the Tang Dynasty, famously used pear blossoms as a metaphor for snow in his "Song of White Snow to Send Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital":

Suddenly, a spring breeze came overnight, and thousands of pear blossoms bloomed on the trees. Open;

The last two lines of the poem express the poet's infinite melancholy caused by the departure of his friend to the extreme. The two lines of the poem are: You can't be seen on the mountain winding road, and there is a place for horses to walk in the sky above the snow.

20. In Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai", the poem that uses falling flowers as a metaphor to express one's own aspirations is:

Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect the flowers.

21. In "Drinking" (Part 5), the famous sentence expressing the poet's leisurely and comfortable life in seclusion is:

Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain.

22. Du Fu lived in a leaky thatched hut, but still worried about the country and the people. In "The Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", he expressed: "There are tens of thousands of mansions, a big shelter." The cry of "all the poor men in the world are happy".

4. Stylistic knowledge (including ancient times)

1. Prose poetry: Prose poetry is a literary genre that has the characteristics of both prose and poetry. It combines some of the expressive characteristics of poetry and descriptive prose. In essence, it is poetry, with poetic emotions and fantasies, giving readers a sense of beauty and imagination, but the content retains poetic prose details; in form, it has the appearance of prose and is not divided into lines like poetry. and rhyme, but not lacking in inherent musical beauty and rhythm. It can be said to be a poem written in prose form.

2. Parallel prose: Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose. Parallel prose is also called "parallel prose", "parallel prose" or "parallel couplet prose"; because it commonly uses four characters , six-character sentence, so it is also called "Siliuwen" or "parallel four Liliu". The whole article is mainly composed of double sentences (Haiju, even sentences), and pays attention to the neatness of the antithesis and the sonorous rhythm.

3. Preface: It is a style of writing, and there are two types. One is a gift preface, and the other is a book preface. The latter is generally written at the front of the book or collection of essays, and the content is mostly about introducing the content and features of the book, the process of writing the book, and the purpose of the bibliography. Some are similar to essays, some are similar to narratives, some are like expository essays, and some are written in the same style as prose. Most of these are written for collections of poetry and harmony. Preface to the gift: In ancient times, poems and prose were often used as gifts when farewelling each other. The text given is called the preface to the gift. Most of the prefaces to gifts are words of praise, praise or encouragement, such as Song Lian's "Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang".

4. Inscriptions: In ancient times, the words engraved on objects to warn oneself or describe merits are called "inscriptions". The inscription engraved on the card and placed on the right side of the desk to warn oneself is called "motto", such as Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room".

5. Letters: Letters. The letters of the ancients are also called "chidiao" or "letters". They are a practical style of writing, mostly recording things and expressing feelings. Lyrical prose in ancient China began with letters.

6. Talking: an ancient discussion style used to state the author’s views on certain issues in society; the writing method is very flexible and can be narrated or discussed, all to illustrate a truth; it pays attention to literary talent , which is roughly similar to the current essay.

7. Ji: "Ji" is an ancient literary style, which mainly records things. It often expresses the author's feelings or opinions by recording events, objects, scenes, and people. It expresses emotions in the scene and supports the objects. Express ambition.

8. Biography: mainly refers to articles that record and describe the life stories of characters. In addition, articles that specifically explain scriptures are also called biographies.

Biography is divided into: This biography is a formal biography that records someone's life and deeds, which is equivalent to someone's history. Biography, as opposed to main biography, is a biography that records someone's anecdotes. A biography of a person outside of official historical records. Neijuan is a biography that records a person's anecdotes. Most of them describe articles related to gods and ghosts and explain the meaning of scriptures. Autobiography A biography written by someone who records his or her life. Biographies are articles describing the life stories of two or more people. The True Story is mostly the title of a novel describing a character, with Lu Xun's "The True Story of Ah Q" being the first.