The most prominent and magical hieroglyph is "Heart lamp (lamp of soul)". It is reported that the transaction price is as high as 7 figures, which is known as the soul of the Red War.
Basic introduction Chinese name: agate mbth: agate; Composition of agate: siliceous minerals, also known as agate, Kate Ma and agate; Shape: opal and aphanitic; Specific gravity of seasonal banded block: 2.65 Introduction, type, shape, name, origin, chemical composition, formation process, distribution range, academic research, exorcism, identification method, process quality, grade, color, pattern color, texture, weight, texture, etc. Collection points, colors, production technology, modeling, agate culture, pictographic agate, Gobi pictographic agate, myths and legends, brief introduction to agate, also known as agate, Kate Ma, horse brain, etc. , a chalcedony mineral, is often a banded block mixed with opal and aphanitic, with hardness of 6.5-7 degrees and specific gravity of 2.65, and its color is quite layered. Translucent or opaque. The primitive form of tripartite crystal system. It is often dense and massive, forming various structures, such as * * *, grape, tuberculosis and so on. The common structure is concentric circles. Chalcedony has different colors, usually green, red, yellow, brown, white and so on. According to patterns and impurities, it can be divided into onyx, silk-wrapped agate, moss agate, castle agate and so on. Often used as plaything, ornament, ornament or ornamental. Agate balls can often be seen in ancient funerary objects. There are many kinds of agates, such as pictographic agate (natural agate pattern, agate painted stone, pictographic flake, patterned agate, aquatic agate, marine chalcedony, scenic agate, patterned agate, shadow agate, etc. ), southern red agate, warring states red agate, rock sugar agate, northern red agate, green agate, purple-green agate, salt source agate, wrapped agate, fire agate, Gobi agate and grape agate. Pictographic agate-the shape is often dense and massive, forming various structures, such as * * * shape, grape shape, nodular shape and so on. The common structure is concentric circles. Colors vary, depending on the kind and quantity of impurities contained in them. They are usually distributed in strips, concentric rings, clouds or dendrites. White, gray, brown and reddish brown are the most common, and black, blue and other colors are also available. The stripes are white or near white. Waxy luster, translucent to transparent. Shell fracture. Mohs hardness is 7 and density is 2.6-2.7g/cm 3. Heart lamp-the soul of the Red Warring States is irregular, nearly oblate and cylindrical (the redundant part of processing handicrafts). Red, orange-red to crimson, milky white and grayish white. The stripes are white. Translucent. The surface is smooth and glassy; Some are uneven and waxy. Light, hard and brittle, easily broken, concentric ripples centered on the stress point can be seen on the cross section, like shells. Sharp edges and corners can scratch the glass and leave scratches. Odorless and tasteless. Fast friction is not easy to heat up. Strong quality, red color and transparency are preferred. The origin of the name Ancient Mongolians saw that the color and beautiful patterns of agate were very similar to the horse's brain, so they thought it was a stone made from the horse's brain, so Sanskrit called it "the horse's brain".
"Agate" was written as "horse brain" in the early days, which was first seen in the book Seven Classics of Anaidi translated by An Shigao at the end of Han Dynasty. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Kumarajiva translated the Lotus Sutra, saying, "Horse brain, Brahman clouds suppress dampness and expose old age", and "color is like horse brain, hence the name". Hui Lin, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, explained in The Classics, Sound and Meaning: "Those who are bound by dampness (a * * * ar-) are also horses in this cloud, and those who encounter waves (-garbha) have brains. There is also a saying that during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Pi and his father Cao Cao marched north to Wu Huan, and the locals paid tribute to an agate wine glass. Seeing that the wine glass was as red as a flying cloud and crystal clear, Cao Pi wrote "Ma Nao Le Fu" and said in the preface: "Ma Nao, jade belongs to the western regions, and its arts and sciences are intertwined, so its people are named after it. Or tie your neck, or use ornaments. I have Siller, and I am endowed with beauty. Chen Lin and RoyceWong were ordered to work together. "Some scholars believe that agate came from the Western Regions because the number of miners in China was limited at that time, and most of them came from the Western Regions, India, Persia, Japan and other countries. These tributes are often an important way for people to know this treasure. As Buddhist scriptures were introduced into China, the translator skillfully translated them into "agate" considering that "horse brain belongs to jade". With the introduction of Buddhism into China, it had a far-reaching impact on China culture, and the names of "Qiong" and "Chiyu" were gradually replaced by "Agate". The main chemical composition is silicon dioxide, because it alternates with hydrated silicon dioxide (silicic acid), so it is often layered repeatedly. Because it is mixed with oxidized metal, the color can range from extremely light to dark. Use salts such as iron, cobalt and nickel. Let them naturally penetrate into silicic acid gel. "Agate" can be made artificially, and natural agate may also be produced under similar circumstances. The formation of agate has a very long history. About 1 100 million years ago, due to the change of the earth's crust, a large number of underground magma erupted. When lava cools, steam and other gases form bubbles. When the rock freezes, the bubbles are sealed and many holes are formed. After a long time, the pores were immersed in a solution containing silicon dioxide and condensed into silicone rubber. Fusible components of iron-bearing rocks enter silica gel, and finally silica crystallizes into agate. South red agate carving world-famous agate producing areas are: China, India, Brazil, Madagascar, the United States, Egypt, Australia, Mexico and other countries. Mexico, the United States and Namibia also produce agate with lace stripes, which is called "lace agate". Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana in the United States also produce "landscape agate". Agate producing areas in China are also widely distributed, almost in all provinces. Famous producing areas are: Yunnan, Xunke, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and so on. Academic research on the Northeast writer followed Mr. Zhang's suggestion that Shi Bi may be made of agate, and compared with the four characteristics described in Han Feizi, he put forward Shi Bi's "green agate" theory, that is, Shi Bi is a rare green agate with a fetus. Exotic 1. Agate is one of the seven treasures of Buddhism. It has been used as an exorcism and amulet since ancient times, symbolizing friendly love and hope. South red agate carving II. In western magic, people are taught to write down their wishes on a piece of paper, fold them up and wrap them up. After meditation, they are put into the agate cornucopia for at least one day and one night, where the energy is stirred and strengthened. After taking out, cremate and burn. With the help of fire, your wishes can spread to nature, and you can get what you want. Wearing agate in summer is not only fashionable and beautiful, but also can cool down and prevent heatstroke. 4. Agate is regarded as a gem or handicraft because of its rich color and aesthetic feeling, and can also be used to make bearings of precision instruments, agate bodies, agate mortar and other industrial supplies. Identification method The production technology of high-quality agate is strict and advanced, so the surface brightness is good, the inlay is firm and geometric, and there are no scratches and cracks. Grade water bile agate is the most precious variety of agate, which is characterized by a closed cavity containing water. Red, blue, purple and pink are the best agates in all grades. They should be transparent, free from impurities, sand cores and cracks. Among them, the block weight above 4.5 kg is super grade, the block weight above 1.5 kg is first grade, and the block weight above 0.5- 1.5 kg is second grade. Pictographic agate can form pictographic patterns (such as figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, fish, insects, landscapes, aquatic plants, etc.). ) because of its excellent texture and beautiful color, it is of great collection value. Colored agate stone has natural color and post-processing dyeing. The natural colors of agate are very rich, and the common colors are: pictographic agate-red agate with surging magma (1); red is a main color of agate, and generally agate is brownish red, sauce red and yellow red. Some agates are uneven in color, such as south red agate, which has red spots inside. (2) Blue agate: It is mainly light blue, and the transparency is poor when the color is dark, and sometimes some other colored bands are distributed in the blue agate. (3) Green agate: Natural green agate is scarce, high-quality agate is even rarer, and the price is relatively high. (4) Purple agate: Purple agate is relatively rare, and there are some shades of purple, among which prehnite is the most. This kind of agate is rough and often translucent, but the purple of Inner Mongolia Wolf Blood Agate is more delicate. (5) Black agate: mainly black, slightly cyan or gray, mostly translucent. (6) White agate: milky white or light gray, often forming concentric patterns and stripes with colorless and transparent agate. There is usually a timely interlayer in the middle. (7) Gray agate: It is dark gray, light gray or cyan, with some inconspicuous concentric rings, and often with timely interlayer or sand core inside. (8) Yellow agate: usually light yellow, orange, brownish yellow and light yellow, sometimes with pink, reddish and light gray agate interlayer to form beautiful stripes. Later dyed agate can be identified by infrared spectrum. The pattern is bright and bright, but the color and light of fake agate are poor, and the contrast between them is obvious. Natural agate has distinct colors and obvious stripe patterns, while imitation fake agate is mostly bright and uniform, giving people a sense of authenticity. Most fake agates are imitation stones, which are softer than real agates. Jade can mark fake agate, but real agate can't. There are few defects on the surface of real agate, and there are more inferior ones. Transparent pictographic agate-Feather agate is not as transparent as synthetic agate, slightly messy, some can see natural waterline or "cloud", while synthetic agate is as transparent as glass ball. Real agate jewelry is heavier than synthetic agate jewelry. How to choose the texture of agate jewelry? First of all, you should choose the color according to your own preferences. Red agate jewelry is the most expensive. If you choose agate necklace, you should pay attention to the consistency of each bead's color depth, no variegated color, proper matching of bead size and good finish. Then, lift the necklace to see if it is vertical and if each bead is hung in a line. If the necklace is bent, it means that some beads are biased and the processing technology is rough. Maintenance method First of all, be careful not to hit hard objects or fall off, and store them in a soft jewelry box when not in use. Try to avoid contact with perfume, chemical solution, soap or human sweat to avoid erosion and affect the brilliance of agate. Pictographic agate-mountain and sea Secondly, we should pay attention to avoid heat sources, such as sunlight and stoves, because agate will expand when heated, and the molecular gap will increase, which will affect the quality of jade, and continuous contact with high temperature will also lead to agate explosion. Agate is generally placed as far as possible to avoid sunlight, and often wiped to keep it clean. If possible, you can occasionally add pure water to keep it moist, which will be more beautiful. When not wearing small ornaments, it is best to put them in a dark and humid place, and the storage environment close to the original ecology of agate is the best. In particular, water bile agate has natural water during its formation. If the surrounding environment is very dry now, it will cause the evaporation of natural water, thus losing artistic and economic value. Economic Value People generally judge the quality and economic value of agate by naked eye identification. Although modern technology is developed and there are many jade identification instruments, it is very inconvenient to use these instruments in the transaction process. Second, it can't solve the problem. The reason is very simple, and it will be limited by the environment. If we judge the quality and economic value of agate, the instrument is useless. It is impossible to carry out complex instrument operation at the trading site, so naked eye identification is always an extremely important method. There are many kinds of agates, known as "1000 kinds of agates and 10000 kinds of jade", so there are many identification methods. Usually, the grading standards are stripes, colors, transparency, cracks, impurities, sand cores and block weight. Except water bile agate, which is the most precious, it is generally best to match harmonious and pretty raw materials. Pictographic agate-rabbit Generally speaking, all agates should be: beautiful stripes; Pure and bright red, blue, purple and pink; Good transparency, that is, translucent; No cracks, sand cores and impurities. Quality depends on weight. The main grades of agate quality appraisal and economic value evaluation are as follows: 1. Super grade: the weight of the block is about 5 kg or more. 2. Grade I: The weight of the block is about 2-5 kg. 3. Grade II: The weight of the block is about 0.5-2kg. 4. Grade III: the block weight is less than 0.5 kg. Collection points: Generally, high-quality natural agate has glass and oily luster, and the natural patterns are bright, natural, pure, smooth and moist; The texture is natural and smooth, and the most important thing is that agate has gradient color, clear color, strong layering and obvious stripes. The agate of average quality is worse in color. Usually the color of agate determines its appreciation potential. Red, blue, purple and pink are the best agates in all grades. The color should be bright, and there should be no impurities, sand cores and cracks. The production process of agate and strange stone Natural agate stone is hard, smooth and dignified, so its carving takes more effort than jade carving. Generally speaking, agates carved by skilled craftsmen have high collection value, and the finer the agate, the more difficult it is to carve. If you see a particularly well-carved old agate in the market, be careful that it is a modern imitation. Because with the carving process at that time, the line holes punched in the middle could not be very smooth, and they were generally crooked and inverted trumpet-shaped. If you see a smooth thread hole, you can basically judge whether it is an imitation or a fake. Agate collection with general characteristics has high collection value. Agate is very hard and needs dozens of processes to be made. Therefore, the more complex the shape, the higher the cost, and naturally the higher its value. Gobi agate stone-calf stone wood agate cultural pictographic agate is hard, rubbery, undyed and optimized at high temperature. Pictographic agate that can be recognized and resonated by most people is the best collection. Because individuals have different knowledge, experience, imagination and appreciation habits, there will be great differences in appreciation, which leads to the saying that this line should take a look at each other. The greatest pleasure in appreciating the pictographic agate is the process of continuous discovery. Appreciating pictographic agate is a process of baptism, shock, shock and resonance to one's own mind, and the process of appreciation will bring incomparable spiritual pleasure and satisfaction to the appreciator. Bringing fun and future appreciation potential is the focus of this series. Pictographic agate-There are few ancient books about pictographic agate in the history of the Four Kings. The earliest ancient book that recorded the pictographic agate was the "Yunlin Stone Spectrum" written by Wan Du, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, which described: "Agate stone is produced in Yidu County, Zhouxia, and there are many sand and mud stains outside. If the rough surface is removed, the texture turns around like a brush, and there are people, birds and animals in the air. The natives often ask for sales, and Boyi sells. Baoji Mountain in Xuyi County of Sizhou and Zhao Xin County both produce agate stones with peculiar texture. Zhao Xin county magistrate got a stone as big as a liter from the villagers when he forgot the New Year's Eve in Xuanxin County, and the quality was very white. "There is a dragon winding in the mill and returning to the palace. This "dragon" agate, found after grinding, is regarded as a treasure and dedicated to the emperor. The agate river, which produces this dragon-shaped agate, flows through Yichang, Dangyang and Zhijiang in Yichang, Hubei Province today. (Note: Yidu County in Zhouxia is now a branch city in Hubei. The jurisdiction of Zhou Xia is equivalent to Yichang, Yuan 'an and Yidu in Hubei today. ) In the Ming Dynasty, Gu Tai wrote An Introduction to Natural History (published in the Apocalypse (1621-kloc-0/627)). He wrote, "Agate is not a stone, but a jade, so it belongs to the same category. There are three kinds: red, white and black, and lines like silk. People regard the small ones as fun and the big ones as musical instruments ... among which figures and flowers and birds are the most valuable. The figures and flowers and birds described in this paper are the most valuable, that is, pictographic agate. The earliest extant monograph on cultural relics appraisal in China, Gegu Yaolun (written by Cao Zhao (Ming)), was written in the 21st year of Hongwu (1388). It is recorded in the book that "the north is rich in agate, and the south and the western regions also have agate. You can't scrape the stone with a sharp knife unless it is hard and brittle. Anyone who looks at bowls and lamps should look good, and it is better to wear them thin without stones. Among them, the "birds and beasts are better" in this ancient book of Ming Dynasty refers to the rare collection of pictographic agate. The productivity of ancient agate mining and processing was extremely low, and the hardness of agate ore was high, which made it difficult to mine. In the "sawing era" without power tools, there is a saying that "one agate and one gold". The formation of pictographic agate itself is extremely accidental. The original stone has transverse cutting, vertical cutting and oblique cutting. Cut even a millimeter more or less, and you will miss the agate pattern, which can be described as "thousands of miles away". These reasons make the pictographic agate world rare. The Chinese nation has suffered many disasters since ancient times. After many wars and social unrest, the pictographic agate objects handed down from ancient times to the present are really rare. Only the Palace Museum in China and the Kremlin Gem Museum in Russia can occasionally find "colored agate". Gobi pictographic agate Alashan Gobi agate is an important part of Gobi agate, which is mainly distributed in the vast Gobi desert in Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. Agate stone found in Alashan Zuo Qi, Inner Mongolia has the best quality and was first discovered and popularized, so people named it Alashan Agate. Alashan agate is hard in texture and rich in color. After hundreds of millions of years of wind and sand tempering, sun and rain, strange faces with different shapes have been formed. It is precisely because Alashan agate is rich in color, diverse in form and colorful that it is loved and treasured by more and more Tibetan stone lovers. Alashan agate can be divided into carved materials and strange stones. The carved materials are exquisite in texture and rich in color, and the agate with pretty color is most favored by sculptors. There are two main types of strange stones: grotesque and hieroglyphics. "Pictograph" is one of the greatest characteristics of Alashan agate, and it is recognized as one of the stone appreciation standards in the stone appreciation field, and Alashan agate pictograph stone is especially favored by the world. It is the ingenious creation of nature, the cultural accomplishment and insight of stone lovers that endow hieroglyphs with life and soul. Myth Legend Agate Legend Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, lay asleep in the shade. Her son eros secretly cut off her shining nails and flew into the sky with them in his hand. Eros, who flew into the air, accidentally dropped her nails, and the nails that fell to the ground turned into stones, that is, agates. Therefore, some people think that owning agate can strengthen love and adjust the feelings between themselves and their lovers. In Japanese mythology, there is a crescent-shaped green agate, which is one of the three great artifacts in Japan and is dedicated to the gods. There is also "agate, ghost blood" in Taiping Guangji. It adds a bit of strangeness to agate. Ming agate single ear cup agate has been regarded as a symbol of beauty, happiness, auspiciousness and wealth since ancient times. Because of its magnificent, hard and rare three characteristics, it won the title of "jade". Fuxin, located in western Liaoning, is the main agate producing area, processing area and agate product distribution center in China. Agate is rich in resources, accounting for more than 50% of the national reserves, with excellent quality. Fuxin is rich in agate, which is not only rich in color, magnificent in texture and complete in variety, but also produces precious water bile agate. The red agate in Jiawobu Village, Laohetu Township, Fuxin County and the green agate in front of Meiliban Village are extremely precious. Fuxin agate processing industry is particularly developed, and its works have won the "Tiangong Award" in the national gemstone industry for several years in a row. Because it is said that ancient agate can make people invisible, agate has been admired and loved by people for thousands of years. Because of its beautiful appearance and tough texture, agate is made into decorations and practical products. Agate is one of the oldest known jade, which can be proved by the extensive use of amulets, containers and decorations by ancient Sumerians and Egyptians. In Roman times, agate intaglio seals and rings were especially favored by people. Agate is one of the "flints" recorded in the Bible (Old Testament). There is a record in the Bible that an agate was given to Moses and put on Aaron's breastplate (Exodus). One of the agate series, the red striped agate, is one of the twelve gems used as the cornerstone of the Jerusalem wall (Revelation). According to Andrew, Bishop of Caesarea, an early writer, twelve kinds of precious stones in Jerusalem symbolize twelve Christian missionaries, and the red striped agate symbolizes James missionary.