Teaching objective: 1. Review and consolidate the usage and significance of notional words and function words commonly used in classical Chinese, as well as relevant classical Chinese common sense such as prepositional object sentences in classical Chinese.
2. Grasp the ups and downs narrative features adopted by Historical Records in describing historical events.
3. Expand students' cultural vision and stimulate rich imagination.
4. Let students look at historical phenomena, historical figures and historical events from the perspective of modern people, and put forward original opinions.
Teaching emphasis: 1. Review, consolidate and accumulate knowledge of classical Chinese.
2. Experience the ups and downs of narrative style.
Teaching difficulty: 1, experiencing the ups and downs of narrative writing characteristics.
2. Understand the deep meaning that Sima Qian wants to express with the help of Biography of Huaiyin Houzhuan.
Teaching method: 1, guiding students to extend from old knowledge to new knowledge.
2. Cut into design-related issues
Teaching hours: 3 hours.
Teaching assumption: one of the stories is relatively compact and easy for students to understand, so combing the articles is not the key point, but there are rich classical Chinese knowledge points involved in the compulsory textbooks, so the accumulation of classical Chinese knowledge is the focus of teaching; Secondly, Sima Qian wanted to express a unique view of history with the help of Biography of Huaiyin Hou: the ruler was ruthless, and if he wanted to add another crime, he could always find a solution.
Teaching process: First, introduce new lessons:
In ancient China, there was a man who could endure the humiliation of his legs. This man is the famous Han Xin. Han Xin has many admirable deeds besides being humiliated in his legs. Today we are going to study Historical Records? Understanding Han Xin in The Biography of Huaiyin Hou.
Second, introduce Han Xin:
Military strategist in early han dynasty. Huaiyin (now Jiangsu) people. After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, Han Xin began to vote for Xiang Liang, followed by Xiang Yu and then Liu Bang. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu (206 BC), Xiao He, the prime minister, recommended him as a general, and helped Liu Bang formulate a general plan to decide that the Three Qin Dynasties would seize the world.
During the Chu-Han War, Han Xin led tens of thousands of soldiers to open up the northern battlefield. In the Battle of Wei, he deployed to attack Wei Jun, pretended to cross the river head-on, attacked from behind, and caught Wei by surprise. The battle of Jingxing, with the back of the water as the array, made the soldiers feel as if they were dead, fought on their own and defeated the Zhao army. In the battle of Huaihe River, with the help of the river, the Chu army was divided and the Qi-Chu allied forces were destroyed. In February of four years, he was named King of Qi. Participate in commanding the decisive battle of Gaixia (now Lingbi South, Anhui Province) and destroy the Chu army. Han Xin was familiar with the art of war and made outstanding achievements, which made important contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty. His combat tactics were highly praised by later strategists. Although Liu Bang had doubts about Han Xin, after the fall of Xiang Yu, he seized his military power, moved to Chu, and later became Huaiyin Hou. Knowing that Liu Bang was suspicious of Han Xin, Lu conspired with Xiao He to lure Han Xin to Changle Palace in the first month of the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu, and killed him on charges of rebellion. Han Xin wrote three art books, which have been lost.
Third, read the text, correct pronunciation and orthography, and divide the article structure according to the meaning of the text.
(a), easy to read the wrong words:
Chen Yi, the mother of Kuai Tong merchants, wandered and stole her feet, but if Jingxing Su Qiao grew up.
(B), common words
(1) from the countryside Nanchang pavilion long food.
(2) cook in the morning.
(3) can't die, out of my stomach.
Believe it or not,
⑤ Bend down.
(C), the article structure
One (1-3) humiliated in his early years, two (4-7) demoted by four (9- 10) after three (8) battles in Jingxing, and punished by five (1 1) praise for historians.
Fourth, study the text 1? third segment
Relief of difficult sentences
(1) The first three sections of the article wrote three short stories about Han Xin's early life.
1, please find the key words in each story and summarize each short story in four words.
2. Tell these three short stories to illustrate Han Xin's early life.
1, three stories can be summarized as follows:
Anger, tingchang, floating mother, faith, humiliation.
Please read it carefully? Anger is the first priority? 、? A letter from a floating mother? 、? Hip humiliation? These three short stories, find out the key words in each story and analyze what kind of personality they reveal.
Conclusion:
These three stories all reflect Han Xin's poor and humiliating life in his early years.
The first story is about his self-esteem in humiliation, the second is about his self-confidence and ambition, and the third is about his perseverance and humiliation.
Add the ending of three stories: (Han Xin was made King of Chu) Believe in the country, call on mother to have dinner and give her a daughter. There is also the curator of Nanchang Pavilion in the countryside, who gave a hundred dollars and said:? People, villains, is virtue. ? Tell a teenager in bring disgrace to oneself to give up his legs and think that Chu. Tell the generals: This strong man is also. When you insult me, I'd rather not kill evil? Kill nobody, so bear it. ?
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Learn Text 4? Section 7
(1) Study the text P 138 first? Reading and discussing? Part? Xiao He chasing Han Xin? Visit the altar? Question: Is it positive or negative that Han Xin's talent is outstanding? Personal performance (of teachers)
(2) 4? The seventh section is about a war with Zhao, which is given a name, and it is about whether Han Xin's military talent is shown from the front or the side.
The battle of Jingxing Positive performance.
(3) Question asking:
(1) What was the main reason why Han Xin won the battle of Jingxingkou?
(Division) Turn your back on the water and confuse Zhao Jun; Draw a snake out of the hole, cavalry sneak attack, internal and external attack; The key is to grasp the weakness of Cheng's pedantry and underestimation, know yourself and know yourself, and win every battle.
(2) What techniques did the author mainly use when describing the battle of Jingxing?
(Teacher) A. Comparison. Compared with Guangwujun, Cheng Ba is more resourceful, but this tactic has not been adopted. Cheng compared with Han Xin;
B. tin foil. Like what? All the generals don't believe me. I want to say in detail: no? , for example, god; Zhao Jun saw him laughing with his back to the water array, which showed his intelligence. After Guang was captured alive, his attitude towards Guang set off his mind and tolerance. After the war, the generals' explanations reflected his extraordinary wit in the battle.
6. study the text 8? Section 10
Summarize key sentences
Section 8 Write that Liu Bang is taboo against Han Xin.
Section 9 Scheeren sinned against Han Xin. Has Scheeren's brother changed? Lack of trust;
Section 10 Kuai Tong advised Han Xin to deal with him.
Question query:
(1) There are couplets in front of Han Xin's tomb. Life and death are bosom friends, and life and death are two women. ? Lianzhong? Confidante? And then what? Two women? Who are they referring to?
Clear:? Confidante? Xiao He? Two women? Refers to the drift mother and Lv Hou. It not only summarizes Han Xin's life, but also points out the reasons for his success or failure. (2) Some people say that Han Xin was set up by Lv Hou and others; Some people think that his rebellion is conclusive and he deserves it; Others think that he was driven to Liangshan. What do you think of this? Please study the text carefully, collect relevant information and express your opinion.
The three statements have their own reasons, and the key is to make the words make sense. How much do you generally agree? Frame? . The main basis is: Han Xin's last words before execution:? Do you hate Kuai Tong? (? Hate it? What does that mean? Regret? , not? Resentment? ), Kuai Tong's words: The vertical axis does not need the minister's strategy, so it is self-defeating. ? No need? 、? Self-destruction? On the other hand, Han Xin can't rebel. In addition, conspiring with Chen Yi to rebel, as well as in Beijing, is also very naive. It is not credible that a generation of heroes are so naive, so some people say that this is a false accusation by Lv Hou and others. Plot against the truth. According to Chen Yichuan, Chen Yi was not rebelled, but was forced to rebel. There are other reasons.
Han Xin, a great star and a great hero. He struggled in the predicament, rose in the grass, advanced in the battle and sank in the victory. He was loyal when he could betray Liu Bang most, but he was suspected of rebellion when he was least likely to rebel. As Sima Qian said: the world is crowded, but it is treason. ? So some people think that Han can't rebel at the bottom of the bucket, some people think that the evidence of his rebellion is conclusive, and some people think that he was driven to the Liangshan Mountains. But it may not matter. What's important is that Han Xin, as a hero in our heroic era, has left us a deep impression and lasting memory, which is thought-provoking and thought-provoking. (See Yi Zhongtian's Man of the Han Dynasty? The mystery of Han Xin's success or failure ")
Seven, learn the text part 1 1.
1, read well.
2, difficult sentence relief
3. Question discussion: This paragraph? A surname Gong Yue? What are included, and what are them? The world is crowded, but it is rebellion? What is the implication?
Clear: there are three points: when you dress up, you will be different; Didn't do it? Modesty? ; Plot rebellion when the world is stable. Among them? The world is crowded, but it is rebellion? It is generally considered irony: It is said that Huaiyin's stupidity will not come to this. ? (Li Ciming)? The world is set, how can it be time to rebel? And is the demise of his clan suitable for people with a heart? ? (Li Wei)
Thinking: Why was Han Xin killed?
1, Gao Zhen.
2, arrogant, making too many enemies, single-handedly.
The monarch has been suspicious of him for a long time.
Killing heroes is a common phenomenon in feudal society. Han Xin was killed by Lv Hou and Xiao He, and Liu Bang didn't know it. When did he know? Joy and pity? The mood is very complicated and real.
Sort out the history? Idioms in the Biography of Huaiyin Hou;
1, the grace of a floating mother 2, the humiliation of her legs 3, the kindness of a woman 4, the more the better 5, the competition for the Central Plains 6, the success of Xiao He and the failure of Xiao He.
Consolidation and expansion:
First, combing the phenomenon of classical Chinese
(A) the flexible use of parts of speech
1. A mother was hungry when she saw the letter, but she stayed for dozens of days.
2. Yue's humiliation
If the firewood falls behind the Soviet Union, the teacher will be dissatisfied.
Your majesty can only pay 100 thousand.
5. Keep up with it.
6. Different surnames rise together and collect handsomely.
(2) Common words
1. Tingchang's wife is sick, but she cooks in the morning.
So believe it or not.
Lean out of bed and lie prone.
4. Wei Niaoxia said.
Enough to attack me thousands of miles away.
6. Looking at Zhao coming down from the mountain, he felt inferior.
7. Out, back water Chen
8. Sit in Dongxiang, facing Xixiang.
9. Sun Tzu's grasp of time in the Art of War.
10. And I believe that I must follow the literati.
1 1.
12. angry: Zhi Heng. ?
13. Don't trust all generals. Please say:? No?
(C) Keywords in classical Chinese
Can't cure the business.
Xinhe Zhang Er took tens of thousands of soldiers.
I smell food a thousand miles away, and I'm hungry.
On this Jingxing road, cars can't be square.
I'm willing to take thirty thousand false ministers.
Han Xin let the world see, it's no use knowing.
When Zhao sees me going, he will chase me with empty walls.
Buy a daughter alive.
This is Sun Tzu's art of war, regardless of you.
This letter complains day and night.
Brothers sent troops, and I helped the public from now on.
If you don't work, you don't admire your ability.
Without this, the world is settled.
(D) Key classical Chinese sentence patterns
1. Huaiyin Hou Han Xin is also from Huaiyin.
2. Huaiyin Youth Tu is a disgrace.
3. The more, the better. What is it to my bird?
I regret that I didn't use the express plan, but I was cheated by my daughter.
Second, the translation of difficult sentences
1. You can't choose to be an official, and you can't cure businessmen.
Translation: you can't be elected as an official, and you can't make a living by doing business.
2. Knowing that Hanwang is afraid of evil, he often says that he is sick and does not obey. As a result, the letter complained day and night, living in constant martingale, blushing with shame, irrigation and so on.
Han Xin knew that Hanwang was afraid of his own talents, and often excused himself from attending the ceremony. From then on, Han Xin resented day and night and moped at home, ashamed of being equal to Jiang Hou and Guan Ying.
Your majesty can't be a soldier, but a good soldier, which is why Xin is a bird for your majesty. Besides, your majesty's so-called gift is not a person.
Your majesty can't lead troops, but he is good at controlling generals, which is why I was captured by your majesty. Besides, your majesty is a pie falling from the sky, which is beyond human power. ?
4. It would be a pity to pretend to let Han Xin learn to be modest, not to cut down his achievements and not to admire his ability. Moreover, Han Jiaxun can be compared with Zhou, Zhao and Taigong, and future generations will eat blood. Without this, the world has gathered, which is treason and genocide. Is inappropriate!
If Han Xin can give in modestly, don't boast of his own merits, and don't rely on his own talents, it will be almost the same.