Mulberry cultivation techniques

First, mulberry seedling breeding (sexual reproduction)

1. In the selection and arrangement of Miao Di, the land with flat plot, deep soil layer, loose texture, fertile soil, good drainage and irrigation and sufficient sunshine should be selected as the nursery land (continuous cropping is not suitable). Deep ploughing: after ploughing in Miao Di, 3000 ~ 4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 0/5 ~ 20 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc-and 2 kg of carbofuran are applied per mu, and then fully crushed, raked and leveled, and ridged. Bed width 1 ~ 1.2m, height 15cm, and border width of 30cm. Drainage ditches should be opened around the seedbed.

2. Sowing time and method Sowing can be carried out in spring or autumn. Spring sowing is the most suitable sowing time, and autumn sowing is carried out in the middle and early September. At present, the mulberry varieties popularized are Gui Sang Oil 12 and Gui Sang Oil 62 hybrid mulberry. Seeds with a germination rate of about 90% should be sown with 0.75 kg per mu. Methods: Sow seeds with fine soil and a small amount of chlordane powder (3 Liang/mu), then spread them evenly on the seedbed, cover with a thin layer of fine soil, and then cover with straw to drench them with water.

3. Seedling management ensures that the seedbed has enough water within 10 days after sowing. When two cotyledons grow in 7 ~ 10 days, the grass is uncovered on cloudy days or in the evening. 1.5 ~ 20 days later, 4 ~ 5 true leaves will grow, which needs weeding and topdressing. Use 2 kilograms of urea per mu and rinse it every 7 days. 4 ~ 6 seedlings can be taken out of the nursery as needed after they grow to a height of more than 60 cm.

Second, establish mulberry fields.

Selection and Layout of Mulberry Orchard

Mulberry is a perennial plant with a production life of more than 20 years. Mulberry has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil, but the fat ridge of the land has a great relationship with the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. Therefore, we should choose the land with fertile soil, deep soil layer and flat ground, which can be drained and irrigated. The land where mulberry trees are planted must be fully cultivated and weeds removed. Dig ditches according to the row spacing of 80 ~ 90cm (depth of 40cm, width of 35cm), and apply sufficient base fertilizer (5,000 fully decomposed organic fertilizers per mu) in the ditches for planting, which should be concentrated and contiguous, with a certain distance from rice, fruit trees, sugarcane and other crops, so as to avoid polluting mulberry leaves and causing silkworm poisoning when spraying pesticides.

2. Selection and treatment of seedlings

When digging mulberry seedlings, attention should be paid to protecting the roots of seedlings. According to the size of the seedlings, the diameter of the root neck should be greater than 0.3 cm, up to 40 cm, and the lower weak seedlings should not be used. Before planting, the stems of seedlings that are too long, dry, injured and sick should be cut off, and the roots that are too long should also be trimmed near the bifurcation, and the roots can only be planted after soaking in mud.

3. Planting period and method

Winter planting is the best, followed by spring planting. According to the plant spacing 18 ~ 20cm and the row spacing of 80 ~ 100cm, the planting method is adopted along the line. After burying the green stems, the planting depth is 35cm, and about 5000 plants per mu are firmly tied with feet. After planting, spray root water, cut off the upper stem at the position 10cm from the ground, and spray water to protect seedlings in case of drought.

4. Mulberry Garden Management

(1) Winter fertilizer plays an important role in the annual growth of mulberry and the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. It should be applied after mowing in winter, that is, from winter to around, combined with winter ploughing in mulberry fields. Compost, manure, soil miscellaneous manure and other organic fertilizers should be the main winter fertilizers, and the dosage per mu is 3000-5000 kg, and the effect is also very good.

(2) Topdressing should be applied when the leaves grow to 2-3 in mulberry bud, mainly applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer such as decomposed manure or urea or compound fertilizer. Dosage: urea 15 kg/mu, compound fertilizer 25 kg/mu.

(3) Mulberry-making and fertilizer-making, one-time leaf picking and one-time fertilization. Dosage: 50 loads/mu of manure or 25 kg/mu of urea, taking into account both water and fertilizer. Under the condition of ensuring the output of mulberry and fertilizer, organic fertilizer should be applied again after summer cutting. Fertilization methods mostly include furrow application, furrowing between rows, and soil covering after application, and fertilization should be combined with intertillage weeding.

5. Collect mulberry leaves and cut off mulberry branches.

When picking leaves for the first time in spring and autumn, silkworms need to grow new shoots more than 70 cm before harvesting, and cut off the remaining weak branches at the lower part, leaving 3-4 strong branches for each harvest. Leave 5 ~ 6 leaves on the upper branches at a time, and all the leaves on the lower branches can be picked. Mulberry branches are cut in winter and summer, and are cut around the winter solstice in winter, 30 ~ 40 cm from the ground; Summer felling was carried out in mid-July, and all branches were cut off on the flat ground.

6, mulberry field pest control

Mulberry orchard requires high efficiency, low toxicity and short residue period.

1, commonly used drugs for pests: 90% trichlorfon crystal 2000 times, dichlorvos 1000 times, ordinary dimethoate 1000 times.

2. Commonly used drugs for diseases: thiophanate-methyl 1000 times, carbendazim 1000 times.

Concise technical regulations for sericulture

First, the basic equipment for sericulture and silkworm medicine.

1, Silkworm House A silkworm needs a large silkworm house of 20 square meters, a small silkworm house of 10 square meters, a special leaf storage room, etc. In order to prevent diseases.

2. Silkworms have thermometers, silkworm plaques, plastic films, silkworm nets, lattice clusters, silkworm chopsticks, goose feathers, mulberry knives, chopping boards, mulberry scissors and black cloth. A silkworm needs 16 ~ 20 silkworm plaques, 160 ~ 200 square clusters and 14 small silkworm nets.

Second, the preparation before sericulture

Disinfection of silkworm houses and equipment. Seven days before sericulture, after cleaning the silkworm house and equipment, spray disinfection with disinfectant or 1% bleaching powder or concentrated chlorine semen, with half a catty of liquid medicine per square meter. Close the doors and windows after spraying and seal them for more than 24 hours. At the same time, the environment around the silkworm house should be sprayed and disinfected.

Third, advocate green.

On the eighth day or so, a small black spot called Dianqing can be seen at one end of silkworm eggs. If a silkworm egg is 20% blue, cover it with black cloth. From the day of Yunnan celebration, take off the black cloth at 5 am on the third day and turn on the light to hatch.

Fourth, collect ants.

After exposure for 3-4 hours, ants can be collected around 8-9 am. When the room temperature drops to 24℃, the ants will heat up after harvesting. The collecting method of ants is: cut the fresh leaves of early Huang Qing into small squares of 0.5 cm, and sprinkle them on the silkworm plaque with plastic film. The amount of leaves should not be too much, generally about 5 times that of ants. Using the beat method, the silkworm egg paper is patted flat by hand, and the silkworm egg paper is beaten evenly with silkworm chopsticks to make the ant silkworm fall off the silkworm plaque, and then the ant silkworm is scraped with goose feathers and arranged in a circle or square to feed on the leaves. Before feeding the leaves for the second time, spray a thin layer of "Silkworm Disease Prevention 1No." on the silkworm body for disinfection, and feed the leaves after 10 minutes.

Five, the rearing of young silkworms

1 and 1 ~ 3 years old are called young silkworms, and the environment that young silkworms need is high temperature and high humidity. The suitable temperature for 1 ~ 2 instar is 27 ~ 28℃, and the difference between dry and wet is 2 ~ 2.5℃. In order to keep moisture, the silkworm of 1 ~ 2 years old was raised with full prevention, that is, covered with plastic film, and the silkworm of 3 years old was raised with semi-prevention, that is, covered with no padding.

2. Leaves of young silkworms.

1 age: the third leaf with the number of terminal buds has yellow leaves and green leaves, and one leaf is silkworm eggs1kg; 2nd instar: the fourth terminal bud, with green leaves and yellow leaves, with a leaf weight of 3kg; 3rd instar: The 5th to 6th leaves are light green and shiny, and the leaves are 1 1 kg.

3. Mulberry feeding frequency and time: 4 times a day, at 7: 00 in the morning and 1 1: 00 in the afternoon. The same is true for silkworms aged 4-5. Silkworms grow and develop rapidly, and every time they feed mulberry, they should be combined with expanding their seats.

Silkworm should be treated before sleep, during sleep and after sleep.

(1) Sand removal before going to bed: Silkworm body turns white, its body becomes shorter, and its surface is tense and shiny, which is a hypnotic feature, so it is necessary to add nets to remove sand for mulberry immediately before going to bed.

(2) Nurturing green: If some silkworms are asleep and others are not, we should re-net the mulberries, pull up the silkworms that can't sleep and move them to another silkworm plaque to continue feeding until they fall asleep.

③ Treatment during sleep: In the early stage of sleep, the silkworm bed should be dry, and lime powder should be sprinkled on the silkworm bed. The room should be humid in the later period. If the humidity is not enough, you can sprinkle water on the ground to make it wet.

(4) Sleep treatment: When more than 95% of the silkworms in a batch have molted, their heads have changed from grayish white to light brown, and their heads have obviously become larger, and they can eat when they crawl for food.

It should be noted that silkworm bodies of all ages should be disinfected before feeding. The method is as follows: before feeding, put the "Silkworm Disease Prevention 1No." in a gauze bag for 10 minute, and use a net to remove sand before feeding the second mulberry.

Six, strengthen the prevention and disinfection of silkworm diseases.

1. "Wash your hands three times and change your shoes twice", that is, wash your hands before entering the silkworm house, before picking mulberry for mulberry, after sand removal, and change your shoes in the silkworm house and mulberry storage room.

2. Insist on adding drugs to prevent diseases: adding chloramphenicol has a good control effect on silkworm diseases caused by bacteria. The method of adding food is to add 1 kg of water to a chloramphenicol, spray 10 kg of mulberry leaves, add food to the second mouth of the third, fourth and fifth instars, and add food again in the middle of the fifth instar. Those who have suffered from silkworm diseases are fed once a day, and chloramphenicol and erythromycin are used alternately.

3. Eliminate weak silkworms in time, and dig holes to cover with lime powder. Can not be used to feed poultry or pour into fish ponds to avoid the spread of the virus.

Seven, the rearing of big silkworms

Silkworms aged 4-5 years old are called big silkworms. The optimum temperature is 25℃ and the difference between dry and wet is 3℃. Usually after feeding the second leaf at the age of five, the silkworm is moved to the field. Before silkworms arrive in the fields, clean the floor and disinfect it with bleach. When it is dry, spread a layer of lime powder on the ground, and then move the silkworm to the field. When raising silkworms, we should ensure good ventilation and strengthen disinfection. Silkworm beds should be disinfected with lime powder once a day (before mulberry is given). Don't pick yellow leaves, mud leaves, coal leaves and insect bites. A large appetite, a silkworm egg needs 500 kilograms of leaves to make a good mulberry satiety.

The fifth instar silkworm began to mature in 6 ~ 7 days. The mature period of silkworm is characterized by: stopping eating mulberry, discharging a lot of green soft stool, transparent chest, slightly soft and shortened body, waxy yellow; Swinging the head from side to side is the right time for clustering. The clustering method of grid clusters is: 4 ~ 5 grid clusters are alternately overlapped and placed horizontally, then mature silkworms are evenly spread on the clusters, and the silkworms climb up and hang cluster hooks. It is necessary to keep good ventilation during clustering. Generally, six days after the spring silkworms cluster, and four to five days after the summer and autumn silkworms cluster, the cocoons can be picked and sold.