The writing and pronunciation of words are highly unified, and some consonants appear in the form of letter combinations.
Consonant is the sound made by the airflow breaking through various obstacles and squeezing the pronunciation organs; Consonants and vowels can be combined to make different sounds.
-Pp[p] The lips are closed, forming an airflow obstruction, and then the mouth suddenly opens, the airflow rushes out, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
Practice reading Pape Pippo Pupa ne Pipa Pepe Pupa Lupo Penna Palla
-Bb[b] The lips are tight, and the airflow breaks through the obstacle, and generate comes out. But b is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords vibrate. bachelor of arts
Practice, you will do better than me.
-TT [t] The tip of the tongue abuts against the back of the upper teeth, forming an obstruction, and then suddenly drops, and the air rushes out of the mouth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
Practice reading aloud again and again.
-Dd[d]d is a voiced consonant, which is pronounced in the same position as T, but the vocal cords should vibrate.
Practice reading all the words in the world.
-Ss The tip of the tongue is slightly tilted, or pressed against the lower teeth, and the upper and lower gums are close together, forming a narrow gap between the front of the tongue and the hard palate for airflow to pass through. The consonant s is sometimes voiced [s] and sometimes voiced [z] according to its different position in the word.
When s is between two vowels, it is usually voiced. (such as the basic principle of universal service obligation)
S is voiced before voiced consonants B, D, G, L, M, N and V. The voiced pronunciation method and position of S are the same as unvoiced, but the vocal cords vibrate. (e.g. smalto sviluppo)
Practice reading sa se si so su Sala Sole Selo Testa Sedia Pesonaso
-Cc lifts the base of the tongue to the back of the mandible and resists it, forming an obstacle, and then the airflow rushes away from the obstacle and explodes. The vocal cords don't vibrate.
C is pronounced as [k] before vowels A, O and U. Before [k] is pronounced, the silent letter H must be added before vowels E and I to be written as ch.
Practice reading Cache Chi Co Cucome Casa Cosa Bocca Amico Pacco Car Safety Capo
The vowel e and c before I are pronounced as follows [t? ]: This is a movie.
The pronunciation of -Gg is the same as that of C, except for voiced consonants and vocal cord vibration.
G sounds [g] before vowels A, O and U, and the silent letter H must be added before vowels E and I to make [g] sound gh.
Practice reading gaghe ghigo gugamba golagusta to gatto gomma.
G is pronounced before vowels e and I [d? [English extensive reading materials: English extensive reading materials
-Qq[k] The pronunciation of the consonant Q is exactly the same as that of C, and it is always written in conjunction with the vowel letter U, so it cannot form a single pronunciation unit. Qu is pronounced exactly like cu, but it must be followed by other vowels. The letter q cannot overlap, but it is combined with c to form a double consonant.
Practice reading
-Ff[f]: the upper teeth are slightly in contact with the lower lip, the upper teeth are exposed, the lip angle widens to both sides, the air flows through the gap between the lips and teeth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.
Practice reading fafefi fofu fame farefu mofolla fedefesta frutta
-Vv[v] Its pronunciation position and method are the same as F, but the vocal cords vibrate.
Practice reading
-Zz First, put the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth, close to the upper teeth against the gums to form a blockage, then the tongue suddenly descends, and air flows out from the gap between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. When Z voiced sound is unvoiced, the vocal cords do not vibrate. [ts]za ze zi zo zu zappa zo PPO zucca zitto pezzo pazzo zio
When Z is voiced, the pronunciation method and position are the same as unvoiced, but the vocal cords vibrate.
[dz]za ze zi zo zu zona zelo zoo mezzo zaino bronzo
-Mm[m] The lips are closed to form an obstacle, then the lips are slightly opened, the airflow leaks from the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.
Practice reading, Mo Mu, mom
-Nn[n] The lips naturally open, the tip of the tongue touches the gums, the soft palate is removed, and the tongue is pressed, leaving no gap. Airflow comes out of the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.
Practice reading
-Ll[l] When the tip of the tongue touches the upper gum, the tongue surface drops, air flows out from both sides of the tongue, and the vocal cords vibrate.
Practice reading La Li Le Luo Lu Lana Malelamarino Luna Mile Milla
The tip of -RR[r] rolls up and contacts the upper gum. Air constantly impacts the tip of the tongue to make it vibrate, and the vocal cords also vibrate. When r is at the end of the word, just shake it.
Practice reading ra re ri ro ru
-When -SCsc is in front of vowels E and I, the lips extend forward in a circular shape, and the front part of the tongue is lifted to solve with the hard palate, forming a gap, and the airflow rushes out of the gap in the mouth, making a fricative sound [? ], the vocal cords do not vibrate.
Sc is between vowels A, O and U, without vowels E and I in the middle, so it should be pronounced [sk].
Practice reading
-GNgn[？ ] The tip of the tongue touches the mandible, and the surface of the tongue is lifted up as far as possible and stuck on the hard palate to form obstruction. Most of the air flows out of the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.
Practice reading gnagne gnigno gnu ogni ragno sogna legno signore bagno Montana
-GLgl The tip of the tongue touches the lower gum, and the tongue surface is lifted against the hard palate, and air flows out through the gap formed between the two sides of the tongue body and the upper molar, giving off [? 】, vocal cord vibration. A, e, o, u and gl before vowels are pronounced as gli, otherwise they are pronounced as [gl].
Practice reading
-Hh In Italian, h is not pronounced anywhere.
Practice reading hehe hotel
A big difference between Italian and English is the pronunciation rules of double consonants. For example, the "bb" in English abbreviation can be pronounced directly. However, in Italian, it is not easy to understand if you pronounce double consonants as single consonants, but it will cause great misunderstanding. Because sometimes two unrelated words are just because of the difference between two single consonants, such as "copia" and "coppia", one is copied and the other is right, and the disparity of this difference can be imagined. Therefore, it is very important to pronounce double consonants well.
China people should have no problem learning English, except for two lisps. But Italian Lickitung is the biggest headache for China people. Some people are born with vibrato, but some people who speak Italian (or some languages that need a small tongue sound, such as French and German) can't pronounce it. Therefore, practice is very important. Method 1: In order to make the tip of the tongue vibrate, you can first put the tip of the tongue in a position ready for vibration with the help of consonants T or D according to the requirements of mouth shape and tongue position, and practice, such as "TTTT RRRRRR" DDDD RRRR. After practicing for a period of time, add vowel I (because vowel I is closer to the upper teeth than other vowels), practice "trrrrri”drrrri, and then gradually transition to freely pronounce ri without pronouncing consonants T and D; Method 2: first pronounce the consonant L continuously, then let the air impact the tip of the tongue continuously, and practice repeatedly, from L to R, "llllllllllllrrre" without stopping. American English has ten pairs of unvoiced consonants, and the remaining unpaired consonants are nine, two unvoiced consonants /h/ and /hw/, and seven unvoiced consonants /r/, /m/, /n/,/? /,/l/, /w/, /j/. Italian also has corresponding voiced consonants. When voiced consonants are mispronounced, their meanings change. But Italian unvoiced sounds are generally weaker than English unvoiced sounds. For example, papa and baba, tetto and detto are all just voiced consonants, and their meanings are completely different. So when you read Italian, you must pay attention to the voiced consonants. I talked a lot about the importance of "clarity" and "turbidity" in Italian pronunciation, but what does this mean?
Italian has 2 1 letter, among which there are 5 vowels (A, I, U, E, O), and all the other letters are pronounced as consonants. Among these consonants, there are six consonants whose "clear" and "turbid" are paired, which is a very important theme in this lesson. That is the pair of b and p; D and t are a pair; G and k are a pair. By the way, when you read English, you can immediately think that if you use KK phonetic symbols, these six words can be spelled, that is:
●b, pronounce /b/ in American English.
●p, American English sounds /p/.
D, pronounce /d/ in American English.
●t, American English sounds /t/.
●g, American English /g/.
K, pronounce /k/ in American English.
The point is that in American English, unvoiced consonants are usually accompanied by aspirated sounds, which can be marked as /p? /、/t？ /、/k？ /,as opposed to /b/, /d/ and /g/ respectively. In Italian, unvoiced consonants are usually aspirated, but even aspirated doesn't matter, because it makes no difference to Italians. For most China learners, this is difficult to understand, because there is no opposition between unvoiced and voiced sounds in Putonghua, only the opposition between unvoiced and aspirated sounds. Learning Italian, whether formal or self-taught, I believe that the word "Buongiorno" is a must-read sentence for Italian beginners.
Of course, most Italian textbooks only teach BuonGiorno to say good morning, and most of them don't even mention the word how to Buon, which is a bit strange. It should be an adjective to describe Giorno (Japan; Good and safe. Adjectives shouldn't have O (masculine) or feminine suffix, right? ! Why does Buon look different? But when teaching "buona sera" or "Buona notte", does the suffix "A" normally appear after Buon? There is no explanation in the textbook, so the more I read it, the more strange things happen. Please have a look! -Nissen Domar!
Why does the word Nessun look strange? It seems that the suffix is missing, right? ! That's true. These words that should have suffixes without suffixes (that is, words that lack the last vowel) have been deleted. The usage of deletion is staccato, which is very common and often heard, but it is a pity that ordinary Italian books rarely explain it.
To what extent this staccato is commonly used, let's try to look at the indefinite article un (a). Un is a staccato word, and its true face is uno (masculine) or una (feminine). When the masculine noun uno is used with a consonant or vowel at the back, the vowel letter o is deleted. The last three letters of some words are the same as uno, and they are also used to form staccato. For example, the original word of Nessun in the famous Nessundorma is NessunO, that is, the last three letters are unO. So the original variant Nessun is caused by Nessuno's staccato, thus omitting the last vowel O. And please think about it. The word "Buongiorno" mentioned at the beginning of this lesson is not a variant of the word "buon" caused by staccato. So Buonogiorno's real name is BuonoGiorno, and Nessun Doma's real name is Nessun Doma.
There is also a famous word called belcanto. What is the word bel? There seems to be no such word in the dictionary? Don't! Yes, if you look it up in the dictionary, you can find that bel is a masculine noun, which is a unit of sound intensity and is called bell. Of course, this word seems to have nothing to do with bel canto. So this bel is definitely not bel, so what exactly is bel in the word Bel Canto? It turns out that its original word is bello (beauty), and when the first letter of the noun behind it is a consonant, this Bello will be staccato! It's broken, Bell! Another example is belmondo〔 (upper class), which is a similar usage!
Breaking bello into bel, we can see that staccato is not only formed by deleting the last vowel, but also by deleting the last syllable lo. That's true. The formation of staccato includes deleting the last vowel and deleting the last syllable. There are many examples of deleting the last vowel, but there are few examples of deleting the last syllable, such as san of santo, quel of quello and grande.
Amor and Cuore are often used in operas. If you look them up in the dictionary, you'll never find them, because their tails have been cut off, and the original words are amore〔 and Cuore. The common use of these two words is related to the fact that most western operas are mainly romantic dramas, so the occurrence rate is very high.
From the above example, we can't help but be inspired: if a word doesn't have a vowel ending, it is probably staccato. Therefore, the simple way to find these words that can't be found in the dictionary is to add the word o or e after this word to see if there are any in the dictionary. If so, put it in an Italian sentence and see if the meanings can be combined. If so, so be it. And most of these methods can successfully find the original words. If you can't find a word with a vowel ending in the dictionary, it may be, it may be a broken word with vowels and consonants, and then find a word with a vowel syllable at the back of the dictionary (the last syllable with an O or E vowel) and put it in an Italian sentence to see if the meanings can be combined. If so, so be it. Same way as before.
There are many examples of staccato in Italian, and there are many examples in the name of opera aria, if you give them casually:
Porgiamorqualcheristo and amor in Mozart's opera The Wedding of Figaro. ※
Love in Flothow's Opera Marta. ※
"Dear Name" in Verdi's Opera The Clown. ※
DiProvenzailmar in Verdi's opera La Traviata. ※
From Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly. ※
Cieloomar in Poncelet's opera Giogunda. ※
The above words amor and cor, as mentioned earlier, are both commonly used words in traditional Chinese opera, namely amore〔 (love) and cuore〔 (heart). Bel mentioned earlier is a staccato of bello. But the word mar can't be found in the dictionary, so if you follow the above method, add a vowel O or E after the word mar, and then look it up in the dictionary, you can find the word mare (there is no word maro), which means [the sea], which is the positive solution of the word mar, and Mar is the staccato of the word mare.