& lt& lt Li Sao > & gt:& lt Chu Ci > Title. Qu Yuan, a Chu man in the Warring States Period, wrote "Li Sao", which was previously interpreted as worrying about the country and the people, but also sad; In the first half, the author repeatedly expressed his concern about the fate of Chu, his desire to reform politics, and his will to stick to his ideals and never compromise with evil forces even in times of disaster. In the second half, he wandered in the sky, pursuing the realization of his ideal, and dying after failure, reflecting his thoughts and feelings of loving Chu. The works use the metaphor of beauty and vanilla, a lot of myths and legends and rich imagination, forming a gorgeous literary talent and magnificent structure, showing a positive romantic spirit, which has a far-reaching impact on later literature.

There are different opinions about the meaning of the title of Li Sao in ancient and modern times. Sima Qian interpreted it as "worrying" in Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan. Ban Gu interprets it as "righteous sorrow" in the preface to Li Sao Zan. Wang Yi interpreted it as "Don't worry" in The Songs of the South. Later generations have different opinions. Scholars in modern times have always relied on "Zhao Da", "Fu" and "Driving Argument". Lao Shang in Chu Ci and Jia Xu and Lao Shang in Wang Yi's notes are music names. They think that Lao Shang and Li Sao are disyllabic words, and Li Sao is Lao Shang's transliteration, so it is inferred that Li Sao is the original music name of Chu Ci. However, it is generally believed that Li Sao: divorced from "suffering" and encountered; SAO: Sorrow. "Li Sao" is a poem written by the author when he is sad.

Biographies of Qu Yuan in Historical Records: Qu Ping's sick king was not wise enough to listen to it, flattering and covering up the Ming Dynasty, and evil songs were harmful to the public. Fang Zhengzhi could not tolerate it, so he wrote Li Sao with sad Zen. People who are "Li Sao" still have a lingering fear.

Qu Yuan was very worried that the king could not listen to advice and distinguish right from wrong. He was blinded by slanderous flattery and let evil villains endanger just people. The upright and upright gentleman was not tolerated by the court and was sad and depressed, so he wrote Li Sao. Li Sao means leaving sorrow.

In addition, Wang Yi interprets it as "don't worry" in the Songs of the South; Approaching people is either interpreted as "complaining" or "another way to write the name" Lao Shang "in Chu State".

"The road is long, Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down." This well-known poem comes from the great poet Qu Yuan's poem Li Sao. Lisao is the longest of the four lyric poems in ancient China, and it is the representative work of Qu Yuan. In this poem, the poet's lofty ideals and ardent patriotic enthusiasm make generate shine brilliantly, making this romantic masterpiece a patriotic poem that has been sung through the ages.

However, there have always been many explanations for the word "Li Sao", and this disagreement has existed since the Han Dynasty. The first person to explain "Li Sao" is Sima Qian, who thinks that "Li Sao" means leaving sorrow. "Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" said: "Those who leave Sao are still far away from worry." Wang Yi interprets Li Sao as "in no hurry". Lisao was also called Lisao Classic in Han Dynasty, and Wang Yi's interpretation of Lisao Classic in Chu Ci Zhang Sentences was "Don't; Sao, sorrow. Meridian, diameter also. Words have been exiled, and the center is worried. I still take the road of satirizing the king. " Wang Yi interprets Lisao as "not worrying" and Sima Qian as "leaving worrying", but they are not far apart, and their theories are close.

Ban Gu explained the word "Li Sao" in another way. He explained Li Sao in the preface to Li Sao, saying: "If you leave, you will still suffer;" Sao, trouble; Ming has been worried about making a speech. " Ban Gu believes that Li Sao is a poem written by Qu Yuan to express suffering. Yan Shigu holds the same view as Ban Gu. He thinks that the annotation of the biography of Han Jiayi: "separation, suffering; I am worried, I am worried about writing this word. "

Zhou Shengkai interpreted Li Sao as "Ming disturbance", and his interpretation of Li Sao in Chu Ci was: "Li, Ming Ye; Sao, disturbing. Why take it away from the light and disturb it? Away from the fire, the fire is brighter than the sky, and the wind disturbs people. " Zhou Shengkai's interpretation of Li Sao is ingenious, but difficult to understand.

Chen Siling, a close friend, thinks that "Li Sao" means suffering alone. He explained this in detail in the article Interpretation of Li Sao, to the effect that "Li Sao means to suffer alone, which is exactly Qu Yuan's earlier confession." His explanation of the word "separation" is that Ban Gu thinks the meaning of "bitterness": "Ban Gu, Ying Shao and other clouds:' separation is still bitterness' is the most correct." He quoted the dialect: "Sao, Yi, Zhan and Nan" as evidence, and thought that "Yi and Zhan are both trained together, which means that people are difficult." That is to say, "Sao" in Chu dialect means "sword" and "sword" means dilemma, so "Sao" refers to the suffering between people. On this basis, he further explained that "Li Sao" said: "There is a unique meaning, such as the reconciliation of partiality and partiality. It is difficult for others to speak alone, that is, it has a unique meaning."

You Guoen, a close friend, thought that Li Sao meant "Lao Shang", which was a song title of Chu State at that time. He explained it from the phenomenon of "double tone turn" in ancient sound. His Preface to Songs of the South said: "What is' Li Sao'? ..... was a song title of Chu State at that time. According to the "big move" cloud:' Chu Lao Shang Cai'. Wang Yi said,' The title of the song is also.' According to Lao Shang and Li Sao are disyllabic words ... and they are integrated with the word "fat girl", so Lao means Li and Shang, that is, Sao, but Lao Shang and Li Sao are just the same thing with different names. "

On the basis of demonstrating that "Li Sao" in Songs of Chu means "Lao Shang", You Guoen further thinks that the word "Li Sao" means "resentment". He said: "Since Li Sao is a Chu Ci, what is its significance? Next to it is the biography "Bear", and the volume that I cherish is called "Prison Sorrow is on the Side". " Prison Sorrow is an ancient rhyme, which Wei called Prison Sorrow. In ancient times,' prison worries',' resentment' and' Li Sao' were linked by double phonology, but those were' Li Sao'. There is almost injustice. Qu Yuan, a loyal minister of Chu, was exiled, probably because of injustice. "

Many scholars in modern times think that "Li Sao" means "resentment", and Fan Wenlan, Li Sao, Li Sao and Feng all hold that. For example, Jiang Liangfu's comment on Qu Yuan's Fu said: "Zhao Wei's anger is called Li Sao, which is also a common saying today, saying that his heart is not right." ..... The opposite is called Sao Li, and Wu Ju in Songs of the South said,' If benevolence and righteousness are not good, then you will be Sao Li, and those who are far away will violate it.' Wu Ju is also a native of Chu, so Li Sao and Li Sao are dialects. Fan Wenlan's "Wen Xin Diao Long Zhu" said: "Li Sao is the so-called Sao Li of Wu Ju, and Yang Xiongzhi's so-called prison sorrow is often called complaining. The two words are connected into their own words, and there is no need to separate them. " He Feng's Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties said: "Li Sao" means "resentment", and "Li" and "prison" are disyllabic words. They either interpret Li Sao with two ancient sounds, or interpret Li Sao with Chu dialect, or interpret Li Sao with both methods, all of which think that Li Sao is "resentment".

There are different opinions about the meaning of the word "Li Sao", and there are roughly two popular sayings:

First, Sima Qian, a historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty, explained in Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng: "Those who leave Sao are still worried." Leaving is the meaning of suffering. Li Sao is suffering from anxiety.

Second, the expression in Wang Yi's Preface to the Songs of Chu and Lisao in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Leave, never leave. Sao, sorrow. Interpret Li Sao as not in a hurry.

Both of them make sense, and they all point out Li Sao, that is, the poet's work to express his sorrow.

Li Sao has made great achievements in the artistic expression of poetry, one of which is the development of figurative techniques. In The Book of Songs, the technique of metaphor is simply touching things, while in Li Sao, a profound and graceful aesthetic image group of "vanilla beauty" is formed.

Li Sao is a highly artistic lyric masterpiece with a strong romantic flavor, which laid the cornerstone of the romantic tradition in China's poetry history and was regarded as the source of romanticism by later generations. Influenced by the cultural tradition of Chu witch, Qu Yuan, with his unrestrained imagination and mysterious pen, combined the phoenix in Yunlong myth, the goddess in the sky, the exotic flowers and plants in nature and the bumpy fate of the secular world, and created a magnificent, confusing and mysterious world in the harmonious blend of fantasy and reality.

Seeking in the romantic dreamland is not only a symbol of Qu Yuan's inner conflict and depression, but also a manifestation of his tenacious personality. His sincere and deep love for the country and his insistence on his noble personality made Qu Yuan stick to his ideals all the time, live and die with them, and finally die with them. Li Sao, which was condensed by his painstaking efforts, also created an immortal personality with eternal light, which has been influencing the formation of China's national spirit and personality for thousands of years.

Liu Xie, a poet of the Six Dynasties, once commented: "Without Qu Yuan, there would be no Li See Sao." As he said, the most impressive thing about Li Sao is the full display of the poet Qu Yuan's noble personality, which was not found in Qu Yuan's previous poems.

Through Li Sao, we can see the poet's beautiful image of elegance, integrity and incorruptibility, as well as his great personality of integrity, honesty and persistence. Facing the dirty and sinister reality, Qu Yuan clearly realized the dangers of the future and the ill-fated fate. However, he did not want to succumb to his ambition, preferring to defend his personal dignity and die without regret. The poet personally picked flowers, birds and grass trees in nature and myths and legends, giving them extraordinary symbolic significance, such as using Whelan as an ornament to express his noble taste, using vanilla beauty to symbolize a wise gentleman, using good birds and grass to represent a virtuous minister, and on the contrary, Xiao Ai's evil birds symbolize a villain, thus greatly enhancing the artistic expression of poetry and making the whole poem full of wonderful and gorgeous fragrance.

This symbolic technique of taking "vanilla beauty" as a token of happiness has had a far-reaching impact on the poetry creation of later generations, forming a unique aesthetic image and model of Qu Sao in the history of literature.

Qu Yuan devoted himself to rejuvenating the country and realizing American politics, but he was wronged and relegated. Seeing that he was alienated from the King of Chu and was pushed out of the political arena, his patriotism was about to die out, and his heart was filled with incomparable bitterness and indignation. "Angry and lyrical", so he had the eternal swan song "Li Sao", which shocked the past and made the present shine.

"Dragon Boat Festival" and "Lisao" in Miao language mean "venting" and "reprimanding", venting one's inner frustration and dissatisfaction and reprimanding personnel injustice.

(Chinese translation "complaining" also makes sense. )

According to Sima Qian's explanation: "Those who leave Sao are still worried." (Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records) Ban Gu said in Preface to Li Sao: "Parting is still a tragedy; Sao, worry, I know I have been worried as a speech. " This is the first interpretation of Li Sao, that is, Li is interpreted as suffering, because Li means suffering, which means suffering from sorrow. Wang Yi's explanation in the Eastern Han Dynasty was different. He thought, "Leave, don't leave; Sao, hey. " (Preface to Li Sao of Chu Ci) Then "Li Sao" is the sadness of parting. There is a third explanation. Some scholars in modern times have verified that "Li Sao" is a transliteration of "Lao Shang", which is a song title of ancient Chu State. There are already ancient songs as titles in Songs of Chu, such as Nine Songs and Nine Arguments, so Li Sao is also the title of Chu ancient music. Each statement has its own truth, and future generations can choose to follow it.