Ludwig van Beethoven (1770.12.17. - 1827.3.26.)

1792, 22-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven came to Vienna from Bonn. Until his death in 1827, he never left this city which was particularly attractive to musicians. Most of Beethoven's works were created here. All his nine symphonies were premiered in Vienna. 1805, his only opera Federio also premiered in vienna state opera. Beethoven is regarded by later generations as the greatest symphony writer of all time. His heroic symphony is full of passion. His ninth symphony, based on German poet Schiller's Ode to Joy, has now become an ode to the European Union.

Brilliant creation can't cover up Beethoven's hard life. 1802, Beethoven wrote a will, probably for his brother, because he gradually lost his hearing and sadness. His warm temperament forced him to move frequently. He left dozens of homes in the hot spring area in the north of Vienna. However, the hot spring finally failed to save his deafness. 18 19, Beethoven completely lost his hearing. 1827, people held a grand funeral for him in Velinger's cemetery. 1888, Beethoven's body was placed in the central cemetery in Vienna.

Visiting musician Beethoven

Beethoven often moved around in his later years. Although he left many former residences, many of them were not opened to tourists as exhibition halls. Beethoven likes to live in a place called Heiligenstadt, which is far from the city, just to the north of the city. 1802, Beethoven lived in this city and wrote his second symphony here. In the same year 10, Beethoven wrote Heiligenstadt's Will here. This is a letter he wrote to his two brothers. This letter was not sent, and it is still well preserved here. This site of Beethoven is now called "Heiligenstadt Testament Hall" and is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday.

Address: 6 Burgass, Vienna, 1 190.

Paqualitihaus in pask is where Beethoven lived for a long time. Beethoven left this residence several times from 1804 to 18 15, but he finally returned here. The owner of this building, pask Vatti, is a good friend of Beethoven. Every time Beethoven left, he told his servant not to rent Beethoven's room because "he will always come back". Here, Beethoven experienced the heyday of creation, and his fourth, fifth and sixth symphonies, the fourth piano concerto and the opera Federio were all created here.

Address: Moelkerbastei 8, 10 10Wien

When Beethoven died in 1827, many friends and admirers came to offer their condolences. Beethoven was buried in Waehringer Friedhof. Greer Pazer, a great literary master, once said in his eulogy, "Beethoven gave everything to everyone, but he didn't get anything from them, so he stayed away from everyone." For Beethoven's grave, Schubert was buried here with him in 1828. In memory of this talented young musician Schubert, a Schubert Park was built next to Weilingge's grave. Today, this Schubert Garden in Weiling Street is a place where many tourists hang around.

Address: W ringer Street 1 180, Vienna.

1888, the coffins of two musicians were moved to the central cemetery together. Today, Beethoven is buried in Tomb 29 of the Central Cemetery Celebrity Cemetery 32A.

Address: Vienna, 234, 1 1 10.

1880, people who worshipped Beethoven also built a monument for him. Since then, this place has been renamed Beethoven Square. Beethoven's statue is surrounded by nine little angels, symbolizing the immortal nine symphonies of the music master.

Growing up with celebrities, the music giant: Beethoven

-I want to hold my destiny by the throat.-Ludwig? Where is it? Beethoven (1770- 1827) is one of the greatest musicians in Germany. Born in Bonn, Germany, a native of the Netherlands, he showed his musical talent very early and began to perform at the age of 8. 1792 went to Vienna for further study, and his art made rapid progress. Beethoven believed in republicanism and advocated heroes, and created a large number of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as the symphony Heroes and Destiny; Overture Egmont; Piano sonatas Pathetique, Moonlight, Storm, Passion, etc. I had a rough life and didn't get married. I began to lose my hearing at the age of 26, and I was completely deaf in my later years. I can only talk to people through a conversation book. However, the lonely life did not make him silent and retired. In the feudal restoration era when all progressive thoughts were banned, he still adhered to the political belief of "freedom and equality", shouted for the ideal of the Republic through speeches and works, and wrote the immortal masterpiece "Ninth Symphony". Influenced by the Enlightenment in18th century and the hurricane movement in Germany, his works are distinctive in personality and have made great progress compared with his predecessors. In music performance, he almost involved all the music schools at that time; Greatly improve the expressive force of the piano and make it obtain a symphonic dramatic effect; It also makes symphony an important music form that directly reflects social changes. Beethoven, as a masterpiece of classical music, opened up the road of music in The Romantic Period and played a decisive role in the development of world music. He was addressed as a "saint of music". Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on 1770 12 16. My father is a tenor in the local court choir, moody and addicted to alcohol; My mother is a cook, kind and gentle. The hard life deprived Beethoven of his right to go to school. His musical talent since childhood made his father hope that he would become a musical prodigy and a cash cow for him. He did not hesitate to beat and scold, forcing Beethoven to practice harpsichord and violin endlessly all day since he was four years old. At the age of eight, Beethoven made his debut, which was a great success and was regarded as the second Mozart. After studying under the organist Ni Fu, he began to learn to compose music. 1 1 published his first work, Variations on the Piano. At the age of 13, he joined the court band as an organist and an ancient pianist. 1787 went to Vienna to study composition under Mozart and Haydn. 1800 years, after his first victory, a bright future appeared in front of Beethoven. But for three or four years, a terrible thing kept tormenting him, and Beethoven found himself deaf. For a musician, nothing is more terrible than hearing loss. So people can understand the heartbreaking pain in the adagio movement of his early piano sonata. Beethoven is always full of a fiery heart, but his enthusiasm is very unfortunate. He always experienced hope and enthusiasm, disappointment and resistance alternately, which undoubtedly became his source of inspiration. 180 1 year, Beethoven fell in love with Giulietta? Guikader, he dedicated the moonlight sonata to her. However, the naive and selfish Qi Li Ai did not understand his noble soul. 1803 married someone else, which was a moment of despair. He wrote a suicide note. 1803, he walked out of the haze and wrote a bright and optimistic second symphony. After that, more and better music appeared in his works. Symphony No.3 (Hero), Symphony No.5 (Destiny) and Symphony No.6 (Pastoral), as well as beautiful and cheerful violin concertos and colorful piano concertos and sonatas. 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, Symphony No.9 (Chorus). This work created his ideal world. 1826 65438+Beethoven had a bad cold in February, which led to pulmonary edema. 1827 On March 26th, he left in a snowstorm. Never married. On the 29th, there were 20,000 undertakers, and their bodies were buried in St. Max's Cemetery. This composer has only been in the world for 57 years, and has completed more than 100 works in his life. The main works include 9 symphonies; Dozens of orchestral music (Egmont overture is the most famous); 5 piano concertos and 1 violin concerto; 5 other concertos; 32 piano sonatas (passion, moonlight, sadness, dawn, storm, etc. Are the most famous); 80 chamber music; Opera 1 Frederio; Another play1; Quality 2 and so on. Beethoven's grandfather and father were court singers in his childhood. Most of the time, his father is drunk, and he is not very good to his family. He never even asks if his family is well fed and warm. At first, a kind grandfather can save this family from too much suffering; On the other hand, the musical talent of his eldest grandson also makes the old man feel very gratified. But when Beethoven was only four years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and make him practice hard for hours, slapping him whenever he played wrongly. Neighbors often hear children sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and old Beethoven used to drink in the pub outside until midnight, and then went home to drag little Ludwig out of bed and start classes, sometimes until dawn. To make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age. When I was eight, I took him out to a concert when I was six. But there are no child prodigies in the world. Despite a lot of efforts, the old Beethoven never turned his son into another young Mozart. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was too unfortunate. Mozart received a good education in his childhood, and his training time was pleasant and quiet. He had a loving father and a beloved sister. Beethoven, on the other hand, won the respect of his hometown people for his performance, but his world-wide travel performance was far less amazing than Mozart's. The tutor's father took the boy from one teacher to another and asked him to learn different musical instruments and the art of composing music. None of these teachers could be called good teachers until he fell into the hands of court pianist and manager of Bonn Theatre. This is a respectable music teacher, a friendly and well-educated young man. This is really a great blessing for Beethoven. Because although Bonn has the best schools-even the kind old Bach would happily send many of his children to study-Beethoven's father never thought it worth sending Beethoven there to study even for two or three months. In his eyes, reading is far less profitable than learning music. For the first time in his life, young Beethoven found class enjoyable. Teacher neffei is very kind to him, not only teaching music, but also teaching him many other things in the world. In order to pay for his tuition, Beethoven took the place of his teacher as an organist when Mr. Niffe was busy or left town. So when he just turned fourteen, he was appointed as an assistant court organist and an ancient pianist in the theater. How proud that hateful and unfortunate father is to see his son's music finally make some money! Visiting Mozart Around this time, he visited Vienna for the first time in his life and played for his favorite idol Mozart. Mozart thought that the child was just playing with an exhibit that had been practiced for such an occasion for a long time, so he had to praise him politely and coldly out of courtesy. Little Beethoven was angry and asked Mozart to give him a theme, and then he improvised on it with so much emotion and genius. Mozart was surprised and immediately ran to the door of the next room. "Pay attention to this young man," he shouted to a group of friends who were having a party inside. "One day the whole world will hear his voice!" Beethoven finally realized that he could not make greater progress in his hometown, so he decided to try his luck in Vienna again. By this time Mozart had died, but Haydn had just won his first victory in London and was at the peak of his reputation. When passing through Bonn, Haydn once heard a chorus of Beethoven and praised it greatly, so Beethoven decided to turn to Haydn to study first. Haydn has spent his youth. He writes and directs his greatest works more diligently than ever before. No wonder he doesn't have much time and energy to correct the paper. Moreover, he requires students to pay only 20 cents per class, and he probably doesn't think it is necessary to spend too much time practicing manuscript paper. So Beethoven often found some uncorrected mistakes in practice, and he was very angry. When the old teacher went to London for the second time, Beethoven turned to a less talented but strict teacher to study. Later, he often declared loudly that he had learned nothing from Haydn. However, before long, he will gradually feel that if he didn't get anything from the correction exercise, it was that he got inspiration from Haydn because he dedicated his first piano sonata to Haydn. When Haydn appeared on the stage for the last time to perform Genesis, he was helped out by several servants. Beethoven bent down and kissed the weak old man kindly. Beethoven didn't want to be the darling of the living room. He would rather stay in his own residence and be able to get in and out, get up, dress and eat at will. He likes to fiddle with trifles in the room according to his own interests. Once, in order to get some air and see the scenery outside the window, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He is always in trouble with the landlords and always walks around. Whenever he creates a climax, he always throws pots of water on his head to cool down until the water soaks through the downstairs room-we can imagine the feelings of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so often that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano, but just sits on the floor and plays the piano. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays the rent of four apartments at the same time. This is probably the reason why although he earns a lot of money, he always has no savings! Deafness When he really felt that his ears were beginning to go deaf, he was almost desperate. Life doesn't seem worth living: what is more unfortunate for a musician than not hearing the sweet voice that he likes to listen to and live by? At first, only a few old friends, such as Dr. Wigler and Stephen von Braeuning, knew about his misfortune. He gave up going to the palace to listen to the cheerful concert he liked very much. He was afraid that people would notice his deafness and thought that an deaf musician could not write a good work. Don't! He remembers all the music he wants to write. "I want to hold my destiny by the throat!" "Maybe it's not as difficult for him to create music when he is deaf as other musicians. In his view, music is not only to arrange various themes or sound patterns with charming voices, but also a language to express the deepest thoughts. Beethoven and his friends did not have so many successes and so few happy days as a musician. His friends are kind and loyal, but his damn deafness estranged him from them. Even his hearing AIDS often disappoint him, so the only way for him to keep in touch with them is the "talking book" and pencil he always carries with him. He saw them talking to each other and thought they were always talking about him, speaking ill of him and plotting against him. One day he wrote, "Never show your face in front of me again! You are a mean dog, a dishonest guy! "The next day, when he found that his suspicion was wrong and his friend was sincere, he wrote another note:" Dear friend, you are an honest man, and you are right. I understand now. So come to me this afternoon and accept your Beethoven love. "And his friends-how good people they are-always forgive his rude quarrel and accompany him to the end. His family life is miserable from beginning to end: he has never been married. When he first arrived in Vienna, he told a singer from his hometown, Magdalena? Willman proposed, but she refused because Beethoven was "so ugly". From then on, he fell in love with several aristocratic women-lovely women with lovely names-and he confided in them with music, but they accepted his music and refused his love! Beethoven's heart is full of ideals of freedom, equality and universal love. He was an enthusiastic advocate of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. 1798, General Bernadotte (1763-1844) became the French ambassador to Vienna. Beethoven often visited his home and kept close contact with people around him. 1802, Beethoven began to compose the third symphony dedicated to Napoleon at the suggestion of Bernadotte. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system and realized the ideal of republic. 1804, Beethoven completed the third symphony. Just as he was preparing to dedicate it to Napoleon, the news that Napoleon proclaimed himself reached Vienna. When Beethoven learned the news from the student Lisi (1784- 1838), he roared angrily: "He is just an ordinary person. Now he will trample on human rights to show his personal ambition. He will ride on everyone's head and become a tyrant! " As he spoke, he went to the table, tore up the dedication to Napoleon and threw it on the ground. No one was allowed to pick it up. After many days, Beethoven's anger gradually subsided and he was allowed to make this work public. 1804 65438+February, this symphony was first performed in the court of Prince Rob Kovitz in Vienna. 1The first public performance in Vienna Theatre in April, 805 was conducted by Beethoven himself. The program says, "Ludwig's new symphony in D major? Where is it? Written by Mr Beethoven, dedicated to His Royal Highness Prince Robert Kovitz. "Strangely, Beethoven said it was not in E flat major, but in D flat major. When1806 published its music score in June, it was printed on the title page: Heroic Symphony, written in memory of a great man. Since then, the third symphony has been called "Hero Symphony". The first four notes of Beethoven's Symphony in C minor (Op.67) are as strong and heavy as the knocking of fate. This work is therefore called "Symphony of Destiny". The symphony of destiny was written from 1805 to 1808. Beethoven wrote a letter to his friend Wegele (1765- 1808) in June of12008. He has already said, "I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never overwhelm me completely! "The knock of fate appeared in the third movement of Piano Sonata in C minor (Op. 10) created by 1798, and later appeared in the third movement of String Quartet in D major (Op. 18 No.3) and Sonata for Passion (Op.57). The passion for struggle shown in the Symphony of Destiny has a strong appeal. Mary Boland, a Spanish alto, was scared to death when she first listened to the Symphony of Destiny and had to leave. The old guard Napoleon heard the main melody at the beginning of the fourth movement and couldn't help jumping up and shouting, "This is the emperor!" " Berlioz regarded the thrilling struggle scene in the Symphony of Destiny as "Othello's terrible rage when he listened to the slander of the ego and mistakenly thought Desdemona was having an affair." Schumann said: "Although you often hear this symphony, it always has a constant power for you-just like natural phenomena always scare people." 1830 In May and June, Mendelssohn stayed in Weimar for two weeks, and saw Goethe for the last time, and played masterpieces of ancient and modern times for him on the piano. Goethe was very excited after listening to the first movement of the symphony of destiny. He said: "This is magnificent and thrilling, and it almost collapses the house. I don't know what will happen if many people play together. " 184 1 March, Engels listened to the performance of Symphony of Destiny. In a letter to his sister, he praised the work and said, "If you don't know this wonderful thing, you have never heard anything in your life." He said that in the first movement, he heard "that kind of complete despair and sorrow, that kind of sad pain"; In the second movement, I heard "tender sorrow of love"; The third and fourth movements, "the joy of strength, youth and freedom expressed by the trumpet" are so inspiring. Engels revealed the essence of the Symphony of Destiny in a few short sentences. Legend of Moonlight Songs "100 Years ago, there was a German musician named Beethoven who wrote many famous songs. Among them, there is a famous piano piece called Moonlight. The legend goes like this: One autumn, Beethoven traveled around the world and performed in a small town on the Rhine. One night, he was walking along a quiet path and heard the intermittent piano sound coming from a small room, playing his music. Beethoven approached the hut, the piano suddenly stopped and someone was talking in the room. A girl said,' How difficult this song is to play! I've only heard others play it several times, but I don't remember how to play it. "If only I could hear how Beethoven played himself!" A man said,' Yes, but tickets for the concert are too expensive, and we are too poor.' The girl quickly said,' Don't be sad, brother, I'm just saying.' Hearing this, Beethoven gently pushed open the door and came in. Candles were lit in the hut, and men were making leather shoes in the dim candlelight. There is an old piano in front of the window, and a girl of sixteen or seventeen is sitting in front of it. Her face is handsome, but she is blind. The shoemaker saw a stranger come in, stood up and asked, "Who are you looking for, sir?" Wrong door, right? Beethoven said,' No, I'm here to play a tune for this girl. The girl quickly stood up and offered her seat. Beethoven sat in front of the piano and played the tune that the blind girl had just played. The blind girl was so absorbed in listening that when the music ended, she said excitedly, "How well you play! How deep the feelings are! You, you must be Mr Beethoven, right? Beethoven didn't answer. He asked the blind girl, "Do you like it?" Let me play another song for you. A gust of wind blew out the candle. The moonlight shone through the window, and everything in the hut seemed to be covered with silver gauze. Beethoven looked at the poor brothers and sisters standing beside him and pressed the keys in the quiet moonlight. The shoemaker listened quietly. He seems to face the sea, and the moon rises from where the water meets the sky. On the surface of the microwave, silver light will be scattered everywhere for a while. The moon rose higher and higher, passing through a wisp of gauze-like Wei Yun. Suddenly, there was a strong wind at sea, which rolled up huge waves. The waves sparkled in the moonlight and rushed to the shore one by one ... The shoemaker looked at his sister, whose eyes were wide open as the moonlight shone on her quiet face. She seemed to see something she had never seen before, the rough sea in the moonlight. Brother and sister were intoxicated by the wonderful piano sound. When they woke up, Beethoven had left the hut. He flew back to the inn and spent the whole night recording Moonlight Music, which he had just improvised. This is an article in the seventh volume of Chinese textbooks for primary schools in China. It tells the story of Beethoven playing Moonlight for blind girls. This is indeed a beautiful legend. Beethoven's piece (op.27 No.2-piano sonata in C minor) describes the moonlight scenery on the sea, which originated from German music critic Rael Stubb (1799- 1860). Russian pianist Anton? Rubinstein (1829-1894) is very opposed to using "moonlight" to explain this work. He said: "Moonlight should be thoughtful, thoughtful and quiet in music description. In short, it is a soft and bright mood. The first movement of Sonata in C minor, from the first note to the last note, is completely tragic (implied by minor), a cloudy sky and a gloomy mood. The last movement is intense and enthusiastic, and it shows a completely opposite side to the gentle moon. There is only a short second movement, which can be said to be a moment in the moonlight. " In Germany, some people also call this kind of music "Garden Pavilion" sonata. The garden pavilion is a pavilion built in the shade of a tree. Obviously, this title is also inaccurate for this sonata. It seems that this piece of music is by no means a clear landscape painting, but an inner gloomy mood. Thiel (1817-1897), the author of Beethoven's Biography, said that the first movement was "Girls pray for their sick father", which is more appropriate than "moonlight" and "garden pavilion" in any case. Beethoven composed this piece in 180 1 when he was collaborating with Julie Fatah? Guichadi (1784-1856) loves each other, and this piece is dedicated to her. On 1 1 month 16 this year, Beethoven mentioned her when he wrote to Wegele, saying, "She loves me and I love her." But by the beginning of 1802, she had fallen in love with Andrew robl? Earl of Hallenborg, and married him on 1803. Roman? Roland linked this song with Beethoven's lovelorn love, saying that "fantasy will not last long, and the pain and indignation in sonata have surpassed love. "Roland interpreted the first movement as melancholy, whining and crying. Russian musician Ole Biyishev (1794- 1858) thinks that the first movement is "deep sorrow" of lovelorn, just like "hanging fire". However, 180 1 was the time when Beethoven and Guichar Di fell in love. It may not be true to say that this work is about the pain of lovelorn love. Perhaps Stasov (1824- 1906), a Russian art critic, is more reasonable in explaining this work. Recalling listening to Liszt's performance in Petersburg, he thought the sonata was a complete tragedy. The first movement was a state of mind full of tenderness and sometimes dark premonition. He's listening to Anton's song? Rubinstein also had a similar impression when playing: "... from a distance, as if from the depths of an invisible soul, a silent voice suddenly rose." Some voices are melancholy and full of infinite sadness; Others are meditations, endless memories and gloomy omens ... "Sonata in C minor is especially famous for its title and legend of" Moonlight ". Beethoven once said, "People often talk about sonatas in C minor, but I have written better things than this, such as sonatas in F major (Op. 78)." It can be seen that Beethoven himself was not very satisfied with Moonlight Song. Enthusiastic sonata Schindler once asked Beethoven about the contents of sonata in D minor (op.312) and sonata in F minor (Op.57), and Beethoven's answer was: "Please read Shakespeare's The Tempest." Therefore, the former is called "Sonata of Tempest", while the latter is named "Sonata of Passion" by Hamburg music publisher Crantz (1789- 1870). (On the other hand, the title of "Enthusiasm" was added by German pianist, violinist, composer and conductor Reineck (1824- 19 10), which seems unfounded. Beethoven didn't approve of the title "Enthusiasm", but for this heroic and magnificent work, the title is quite appropriate. Lenin, the teacher of proletarian revolution, once heard Russian composer and conductor Dobro Wan (1894- 1953) play this sonata in Moscow, and said, "I don't know what is better than the Sonata of Passion, and I am willing to listen to it every day. This is wonderful and unprecedented music. I always think with perhaps childish boast: what miracles can people create! " 18701On October 30th, Paris was surrounded by Prussian troops for more than three months during the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck, the bloody prime minister, negotiated the armistice terms with thiers, the head of the French bourgeois government, in the stronghold of William, King of Prussia at Versailles. That night, Gaertel, the former German ambassador to Italy, played "Sonata of Passion" for Bismarck on an old piano in Viham. After listening to the last movement, Bismarck said, "This is the cry of a whole generation." He understood Beethoven's "enthusiasm" from the standpoint of a bloodthirsty careerist. He once said: "If I can listen to this piece of music often, my courage will not run out" because "Beethoven is the best for my nerves". Beethoven said on June 29th, 180 1, "My art is used to improve the fate of the poor." If Beethoven knew what was underground and heard that his music was used by Bismarck, he must be dead. Beethoven's friend melzer (1772— 1838) is famous for inventing and manufacturing mechanical musical instruments. 18 13 In the autumn, Beethoven wrote a war symphony entitled "Victory of Wellington" or "Battle of Victoria" for the universal piano invented by melzer, describing the scene that the British army defeated Napoleon in the northern Spanish city of Victoria on June 2 1 3 of the same year. On the basis of Winkle's invention (1776-1826), Meltzer once created today's universal slapping machine. Beethoven adopted it for the first time and marked the speed of his works according to the number of beats per minute. Beethoven's hearing AIDS were also made in melzer around 18 10. On one occasion, Beethoven Paimer took a trip, and he wrote that the richest man was a funny cannon to praise the creator of the holiday machine. This canon, which symbolizes the friendship between Beethoven and Meltzer, was later selected by Beethoven into his eighth symphony (Op. 93) and became the theme of the second movement. The Seventh Symphony in Ballet Wagner called Beethoven's Seventh Symphony (Op.92) "the ultimate dance", "the highest form of dance" and "the most wonderful embodiment of body movement according to the ideal form". It is said that he once imagined that the Seventh Symphony would be represented by a dance accompanied by Liszt piano. Wagner's ideal was later realized by Russian choreographer Ma Xin. 1938, he compiled this symphony into a ballet, showing an allegorical story-the creation and destruction of the world: the first movement: creation-under the guidance of creative spirit, the chaotic world became an orderly residence for animals and plants. There are men and women, and dangerous snakes. The second movement: the earth-hatred and rape appear on the earth. A group of men and women mourned the murdered teenager. The third movement: the sky-the gods and goddesses in the sky are indifferent to the riots on the ground and still enjoy themselves. The fourth movement: debauchery and destruction-people indulge in debauchery. God saw them clumsily imitate the joy of the upper world and destroy the world with fire because of anger. 1938 In May, this ballet was first performed by the Brazilian Ballet of Russia in Monte Carlo, Monaco. Symphony of Ode to Joy and Chorus 1793 65438+ 10, Germany