In the cultural construction, how should our chess game be operated? This is really not something that a few decision makers can follow their inclinations. The essence of culture is creation, the purpose of cultural construction is to create truth, goodness and beauty in life, and the ultimate goal of cultural construction is to promote people's all-round development. In the process of cultural construction, we should clearly realize the avoidance tendency of our national culture. Take good care of those who should be protected; Things that should be avoided cannot be left unchecked. As the saying goes, one side of the soil and water raises one side. In my opinion, it is actually a culture that cultivates a person.
1. Cultural differences between northern and southern China.
In ancient China, boats were the main modes of transportation in the south and horses in the north. The reason is that the climate in the south is humid, the precipitation is abundant, and the surface river network is densely covered, so the ship transportation adapted to the "water town" came into being. In the north, however, the climate is arid and semi-arid, grasslands are widely distributed and animal husbandry is developed. In addition to providing milk and meat products, horses have been domesticated as vehicles by the people in the north and become vehicles on the land in the north because of their good endurance and high speed.
The eating habits in the south and the north of China are different. Southerners love rice, while northerners love pasta. In fact, this is related to the different agricultural production structures between the north and the south. The climate in southern China is hot and rainy, and most of the cultivated land is paddy fields. Local farmers plant rice with high temperature and rainy growth habits according to local conditions. However, there is less precipitation and lower temperature in northern China, and most of the cultivated land is dry land, which is suitable for the growth of drought-resistant and cold-resistant wheat. The so-called "eat what you plant", in the long run, will develop the eating habits of the north and the south.
As far as the biological characteristics of population are concerned, the southerners in China are short and the northerners are tall. According to statistics, the average height of men in Northeast China and North China is1.693m, and that in Yunguichuan is1.647m.. Judging from the temperature difference between the north and the south, most of them are short because of the hot climate in the south, rapid human metabolism, rapid development of reproductive organs, early maturity and short life cycle. Because of the cold climate in the north, the activity of enzymes in the body is affected, the metabolism is slow and the life cycle is long; Coupled with the long and cold winter in the north, people have less outdoor activities and more nutrients accumulated in their bodies, so they grow taller and bigger.
The regional differences between the north and the south of China language are manifested in the north and south, that is, the south language is complex and the north language is relatively single. Most of the northern part of China belongs to the northern dialect area, and the straight-line distance from Harbin to Kunming is more than 3,000 kilometers. Although there are differences in languages between the two places, there is not much obstacle to communication. Even in the same dialect area, such as Fujian dialect area, the south is divided into Fuzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Putian dialect and Minxi dialect, which are very different from each other and even incomprehensible. The formation of these languages is related to the geographical environment. One is that there are many flat plateaus and plains in the north of China, with convenient transportation and many opportunities for communication and integration between people, so there is little difference in language. Second, there are many hills and mountains in the south, with rugged terrain and blocked traffic, which is not conducive to people's communication. Over time, a "local dialect" with local characteristics has been formed.
The slope of China residents' roofs gradually slows down from south to north. The roof in the south is high and pointed, because the annual precipitation in the south is large and the climate is hot. A high and pointed roof is not only conducive to drainage, but also conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation. Because there is less precipitation in the north, the roof is more flat, which can not only save building materials, but also be used as a place to dry crops. In addition, the garden buildings in the south of China are light and slender, beautifully carved, with coherent internal and external spaces and distinct levels, and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden is its typical representative. The garden buildings in the north are gentle and rigorous, thick and simple, with clear boundaries between internal and external spaces. Chen Congzhou, a famous landscape architect in China, concluded: "The south is a shed with many openings. The north is a nest and relatively closed. " It can be seen that from the point of view of adapting to the environment and living comfort, southern buildings pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation, while northern buildings are conducive to thermal insulation.
China belongs to the East Asian monsoon climate, and the annual precipitation decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. In the south, not only the rainy season lasts for a long time, but also floods often occur because of the concentrated precipitation in summer and autumn. However, the precipitation in North China and Northwest China is relatively low, coupled with excessive reclamation and grazing, and the ability of water storage and drought resistance is poor, so it faces a serious "water shortage", which affects the production and life of local people. Therefore, the Party Central Committee implemented the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to adjust the spatial distribution contradiction of water resources in China, which can not only alleviate the water disaster in the south, but also solve the water crisis in the north.
In short, the differences between North and South are manifested in various aspects and the causes are also very complicated. Among them, geographical factors are an important reason that cannot be ignored. In the future development process, the North and the South should face up to the existence of this difference, complement each other's advantages and promote each other to create a bright future for the motherland.
2. Cultural differences between East and West
First, the relationship between justice and benefit. Generally speaking, westerners value profit over righteousness, while orientals value righteousness over profit or both. Orientals' consciousness puts righteousness first, which I think is also a kind of cultural consciousness caused by ancient pluralistic thoughts. Five thousand years of culture is also a cause that cannot be ignored. Relatively speaking, western short culture pays more attention to interests, which is the expression of realism. From the war of aggression against China and all life in the west, we can see their consciousness, which can also be called the style of seeking truth from facts. Of course, this is only for the vast majority of the East. In the life of orientals, such as China, modesty is a virtue, but westerners don't know what to do. Westerners can sacrifice their righteousness for the benefit most of the time.
Second, it is a question of wholeness and individuality. Orientals emphasize wholeness and comprehensiveness, while westerners value individuality. For example, Chinese medicine and western medicine emphasize the whole, which is different from western medicine. Anatomically, it attaches importance to parts of the whole. The difference between holistic thinking and individual thinking is also manifested in communication. For example, in many reports, when a China person went to a western family for dinner, when the host asked whether to eat Chinese food or western food today, the guest politely said, "Whatever." "It's up to the guests." It is difficult for westerners to understand such an answer. They said that when they heard the word "headache", they "hmm", and they didn't know how to fix it, so it was not easy to operate. In the depths of our way of thinking, we think that being a guest with our host is a sign of courtesy and respect for our host, but westerners don't think so. This is the difference. On the other hand, if a European comes to China and you ask him what he is doing today, he will definitely not say "whatever", but he will definitely make his wishes clear. Today, we can eat western food or Chinese food, but China people seldom express their personal wishes. Our delegation visited, and the foreign party received our delegation. The other party asked, What would you like to drink? If the colonel says tea, the people below may also say tea. People wonder why a person says tea, only tea, and all tea is swallowed.
Third, the issue of seeking common ground while reserving differences. We in China have always emphasized "harmony is the most important" and "harmony between man and nature", while the west pays attention to the innovation of various theories. When we thank each other for their reception, we often say things like: Your country is beautiful, your people are friendly, your reception is thoughtful, and so on. They think that Wan Li is all the way from east to west. Isn't there anything different? Why do they always say these three words? Later, when a delegation left, except for three sentences, he said, I want to make some suggestions now. These people listened carefully at once and wanted to hear the delegation's suggestions before leaving. First suggestion, I hope your introduction materials can be translated into Chinese. The second is whether you can boil this beef, because blood is intolerable. Thirdly, I hope you can know something about the history and culture of China. They felt particularly good after listening and heard different opinions. They said, we will do what we can, and we know what you like, if we can't.
Fourthly, it is the difference of emotional expression between the East and the West. Differences between China and the West on many issues Yes, I bet Westerners can't understand butterfly lovers. The biggest problem here is the cultural difference between China and the West, which leads to two different ways of expression: the subtle feelings of China people and the direct expression of Westerners. China's ancient ladies must have no western imagination, not to mention China's ancient concept of "men are superior to women" and ancient family law.
Fifth, we often have intentions in our way of thinking. They are intuitive. For example, some of our articles like to use hints from life or compare the past with the present. This hint needs you to understand. The so-called silence is better than sound here, which is different from the intuition of westerners. For example, Mr. Qian Zhongshu's Comparison between Western Culture and China Culture talks about the advantages of China's poetry. Although there are only a few crosses, its expression is more artistic than western long poems. But for westerners, it is very profound and difficult to understand.
"That gray song is vague and accurate."
This is the characteristic of China's poems that ordinary western readers think. Keats famously said: The music you can hear is really beautiful, but the music you can't hear is more beautiful. I often use questions to answer, ask questions to answer, ask questions without answering, so that you have unlimited vision and imagination for the following.
The educational differences caused.
Two different cultures have created two different educational systems. The sharp contrast reflects the children living in two different cultural backgrounds. First, western education is almost complete from system to policy implementation. Groups of children received higher education well. The only drawback is that in this case, some students have developed a lot of arrogant habits, which has also affected them to some extent. But I have to admit the fact that their educational environment is better than that of China, and their main task is to cultivate children's self-ability and quality, which I appreciate. Exercise their living ability since childhood. In the international summer camp, it is obvious that their children are much better than us. I think this also has certain environmental factors.
In contrast, quality education in China is always imperfect. Apart from environmental factors, I think the most important reason is that China's cultural heritage is so deep that it is difficult to change this tradition. In addition, China's quality education overemphasizes the cultivation of test-taking ability, often ignoring the cultivation of test-taking ability and the improvement of self-ability, which fundamentally leads to the high level of China students in international competitions, but their lives are far worse than others. Many students in China are dissatisfied with education, which also reflects two levels from one side.
In my opinion, two different education systems can't explain which is good and which is not. It is only the product of two cultures and social systems. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. We should learn from each other's good aspects, so that education in different regions can develop better.
Reasons for cultural differences
"China is a land civilization and the west is a marine civilization." That makes sense. One is that the social development paths of the East and the West are different. China's long-term agricultural society and small-scale peasant economy have caused the national psychology of our mainland culture. This psychological feature emphasizes a kind of local friendship and a kind of neighborhood friendship to a great extent. Didn't you say that there are four happy events in life? After a long drought, I met an old friend in a foreign country and spent the night in a bridal chamber. At that time, I was in to beno. 1. It must be very cold to meet an old friend in a foreign country. If they meet a fellow countryman abroad, they won't be very excited. However, overseas Chinese have many hometown associations outside, while westerners generally have no hometown associations. We often talk about our homeland, and even talk about one side's soil and water to support one side's people, and so on. These have a lot to do with our long-term agricultural society. There is also the concept of falling leaves returning to their roots, which has a strong feeling, and the factors of this feeling are just very weak in the West.
Another is that China is a multi-ethnic country with a history of 5,000 years. The historical origin of China's traditional culture is Confucian culture and a culture in which a hundred schools of thought contend. One of the characteristics of this traditional culture is that it emphasizes the overall qualitative thinking mode, which is very different from the western culture's emphasis on individual and local empirical thinking mode. The west is mainly Christian culture. Confucian philosophy system emphasizes self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. The first is to cultivate one's morality first, that is, to pay attention to moral cultivation; Western philosophy emphasizes analysis, which leads to the difference of focusing on overall thinking or individual thinking respectively.
(add a short story as appropriate)
Two Americans are visiting China. One of the foreigners is a "China fan" and the other calls himself a "quasi-China fan" because the former is very familiar with China culture, while the latter knows nothing about it.
One day, some friends from China invited two foreigners to have dinner in the evening. At the hotel in the evening, everyone decided unanimously that everyone would order a dish. Since the first foreigner had been to a Chinese restaurant and knew some rules, he put on a good face and ordered "kung pao chicken" with a menu. The second foreigner didn't understand it at all, and ordered a mustard soup at the instigation of others.
After talking and laughing for ten minutes, the food came. The first course is of course a man's "kung pao chicken". Unexpectedly, the second foreigner suddenly asked, "Did I order this?" Everyone didn't understand what he meant, so they had to say, "Yes, yes." Hearing this, the foreigner reached out and put the dish in front of him. The dish was full of flowers. Everyone here realizes that he doesn't know the rules of eating Chinese food and thinks it's the same as western food. Everyone has to "help themselves" and eat their own food, while foreigners who order "kung pao chicken" can only swallow a big bowl of mustard tuber soup.
There are many differences between Chinese and western cultures, and there are also many differences, many of which also produce many jokes. However, the similarity between different cultures is that these are all the processes of human cultural development. These differences between eastern and western cultures cannot be said to be good or bad, but they are objectively formed. Their existence will inevitably lead to the continued development of human culture. In today's world, no nation or country can lose or get rid of its traditional culture. Therefore, external imposition or internal betrayal is not conducive to national development and social progress.
Let's work together to safeguard the development of various cultures and the stability of the country. Eastern and Western cultures can promote and learn from each other. In this way, I believe that the cultural course of mankind will go better.