Mawangdui Han Tomb is located in Mawangdui Township near Liuyang River, four kilometers east of Changsha. The exhibition hall of Han Tomb is now located in the courtyard of Hunan Provincial Museum. 1972 to 1974, excavated in Mawangdui Township near Liuyang River in the eastern suburb of Changsha. The female corpse unearthed from the No.1 Han Tomb is more than 2 100 years ago. The corpse is intact, moist, with some joints movable, and the soft tissue pedicle is still elastic, almost similar to a fresh corpse. It is not only different from mummies, but also different from corpse wax and peat tanning. It is a special kind of corpse, a miracle in antiseptic treatment, which shocked the world and attracted many scholars and tourists to visit. After the female corpse was dissected, the body and internal organs were displayed in a specially designed basement. The excavation of Mawangdui Han Tomb is of great value to China's historical and scientific research, and its unearthed cultural relics are extremely precious. According to textual research, the silk book "Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases" unearthed in Tomb No.3 may be earlier than Huangdi Neijing (written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period), which recorded 52 diseases, mentioned the names of more than 100 diseases, and had more than 280 prescriptions and used more than 240 drugs. This is the earliest prescription that can be seen in China now. The discovery of 52 prescriptions for diseases supplements the medical contents before Neijing and is a very precious medical heritage. Photo of Mawangdui Han Tomb More than 3,000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed in the three Han tombs of Mawangdui, most of which are well preserved. Among them, more than 500 pieces of various lacquerware are beautifully made, luxuriantly decorated and as bright as new. What is precious is a large number of silk fabrics in Tomb No.1, which are well protected. There are many varieties, such as silk, silk, silk, yarn, brocade and so on. There is a plain gauze dress, as light as smoke and as thin as cicada wings. Length 1.28 meters, long sleeves, weighing only 49 grams. Its knitting skill is superb, which is really ingenious. The unearthed silk paintings are the earliest existing large-scale works in China that describe the real life at that time. There are also colorful figurines, musical instruments, weapons, seals, silk books and other treasures. Well-preserved Tomb 1 and Tomb No.3 are placed in four side boxes around the coffin house, mainly including bamboo warehouses, lacquerware, wooden figurines, musical instruments, bamboo utensils and pottery, and "Songce" bamboo slips, totaling more than 1000 pieces. The brocade-decorated coffins of the two tombs were covered with painted silk paintings. Tomb No.3 also contains silk books and weapons. [Edit this paragraph] The bamboo slips of Songce recorded the funerary objects of Tomb 1 and Tomb 3 in detail, which are the most complete two batches of similar bamboo slips discovered so far. 3 1 2 pieces were unearthed from tomb1and 4 10 pieces were unearthed from tomb 3, all of which recorded the names, quantities and subtotals of the funerary objects. 1 Tomb Bamboo Slips list the objects in the approximate order: Jiuding, Ding Qi, Sanding and Earrings made of lacquer wood, all kinds of soups put in bamboo sheds, meat food (including eggs and fish) put in bamboo sheds, sauce and wine put in Tokisho, grain put in cloth bags, lacquer wood furniture, toiletries, silk clothes and musical instruments. Although the objects in the bamboo slips are different from those in the tomb, there are still many similarities, so the names of some objects can be determined according to the bamboo slips. The bamboo slips of Tomb No.3 have the same contents as those of Tomb No.3 1, and there are attendants such as riders, musicians and dancers, children's servants, including ritual vessels, weapons, musical instruments, etc., which can be compared with the unearthed wooden figurines and the silk paintings on both walls of the tomb. [Edit this paragraph] Painted silk paintings/The painted silk paintings on the coffins of Tomb Kloc-0/and Tomb No.3 are well preserved and brightly colored, which are rare art treasures. The composition of the two silk paintings is basically the same, with a total length of 2 meters, both of which are T-shaped, with spikes on the four drooping corners and straps at the top, which should be the necessary banners in the funeral ceremony at that time. The upper part of the screen is painted with figures such as the sun, the moon, dragons looking up and snakes, symbolizing the realm of heaven; The next Duan Long crossed the wall, and the tomb owner went out for a banquet. The whole theme is "leading souls to heaven". Some people think that the "one foot long and two feet long" in the essay "Send Policy" refers to this kind of silk painting. The main difference between the silk paintings of the two tombs lies in the image of the tomb owner. 1 Tomb No.3 is male and female. The silk painting hanging in the coffin room of Tomb No.3 is well preserved in the western wall, with a length of 2.12m and a width of 0.94m.. There are still more than 100 portraits, hundreds of horses and dozens of cars in the picture. The silk painting on the east wall is badly damaged, which looks like the life scene of the tomb owner. [Edit this paragraph] Textile and Clothing All kinds of silk fabrics and clothing unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb are early, numerous and varied, and well preserved, which greatly enriched the historical materials of ancient textile technology in China. Most of the cloth unearthed in the box next to TombNo. 1 put it in several bamboo sheds. In addition to 15' s fairly complete singlets and cotton gowns, skirts, socks, gloves, sachets, towels and parcels, there are 46 volumes of single silk, yarn, silk, brocade and embroidery, all of which are made of stems. Most of the silk fabrics and clothes unearthed from Tomb No.3 are broken and shapeless, and the varieties are roughly the same as those of Tomb No.3 1, but there are tapestries of various colors. Plain yarn and loop brocade can best reflect the development of textile technology in Han Dynasty. As thin as cicada's wings, the weight of plain yarn single coat is less than 1 2, which is a sign of the developed silk reeling technology at that time. The loop brocade used as the edge decoration of clothing has a three-dimensional effect, so it is necessary to use double warp beam mechanism for complex jacquard weaving. Its discovery proves that velvet fabric was first invented in China, thus denying the previous misconception that it only existed after the Tang Dynasty or was introduced from abroad. The discovery of printed colored yarn shows that the printing and dyeing process at that time reached a very high level. Well-preserved linen was found in the body package of tomb 1. It is made of ramie or hemp and still has considerable toughness. [Edit this paragraph] A large number of silk books and two volumes of medical slips were found in Mawangdui Han Tomb, both from the rectangular lacquer box in the east box of Tomb No.3. Most of the silk books were written on a whole piece of silk book with a width of 48 cm and folded into a rectangle; A few of them were written on half a piece of 24 cm wide silk and rolled up with wooden strips. When they were excavated, they were seriously damaged. After sorting, I know that there are 28 pieces. Except Zhouyi and Laozi, most of them are ancient lost books, and there are two ancient maps. This is an important discovery recorded in ancient books in China archaeology. There are 200 medical books in two volumes, one of which is similar to Huangdi Neijing, and it is about the way of keeping in good health, and the other is about the art of sexual intercourse. Six Arts (Rites, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy, Numbering): Zhouyi, Mourning, Stories of the Spring and Autumn Period, Letters of the Warring States Period: Book A of Laozi (with 3 lost books attached), Book B of Laozi, Nine Main Pictures, and Book of the Emperor. Zuo Fu Fang, Shen Tu, Fortification Tu, Garden Sleeping Tu, Xiangma Jing: Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases (with 4 lost books), Fetal Birth Tu, Health Preservation Tu, Miscellaneous Therapy Tu, Guidance Tu (with 4 lost books) and Five Stars. Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases is the oldest medical book found in China. It is expected that the collection of bamboo slips and silk books from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha will be published in 20 12, including all the contents. [Edit this paragraph] Musical instruments unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb. There are 25 stringed instruments unearthed from Tomb 1, which is the only complete musical instrument discovered in the early Western Han Dynasty. Twenty-two wind instruments and a flute have also been unearthed. In addition to the unearthed harps and cymbals, there are also lyres and six-hole flutes in Tomb 3. These are the first articles found in the Western Han Dynasty. 12 sets of laws are marked with the names of laws in the early Han Dynasty, which adds material evidence to the discussion of the early legal system in China. [Edit this paragraph] Lacquerware and wooden figurines There are about 500 pieces of lacquerware unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb, including Tomb No.0 184 and Tomb No.316 ... This is the largest and best-preserved batch of lacquerware found in Han Dynasty. The main types of utensils are ding, bi, box, pot, cymbal, ear cup, plate, casket, table, screen and so on. Lacquer ear cups account for more than half of all lacquerware. Most lacquerware is made of wooden tires, and only a few are sandwiched tires. Decorative patterns are mostly painted in red, black and grayish green. The pattern is mainly geometric, supplemented by dragon and phoenix patterns and grass patterns. Some lacquer books have the words "after home", "Xing Jun wine" and "Xing Junshi", while others indicate the container capacity. Many lacquerware bears the mark of "Shicheng □", indicating that it was made by Chengdu government workshop. In addition, more than 65,438+000 wooden figurines and more than 30 bamboo barnacles containing meat, grain, fruits and spices were unearthed in Tomb 65,438+0 and Tomb 3, respectively.