There are two kinds of Class A, including plague and cholera.
There are 25 kinds of Class B infectious diseases, including SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, poliomyelitis, human infection with pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic snow fever, rabies, epidemic Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, carbuncle, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever, brucellosis and gonorrhea. A H 1N 1。
Class C infectious diseases 1 1 species, including influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhoid fever, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, filariasis and infectious diarrhea except cholera, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Hand, foot and mouth disease.
What is common everywhere is different. For example, infectious diarrhea such as AIDS, hepatitis, influenza, tuberculosis, rabies, meningitis, bacillary dysentery, gonorrhea, syphilis, influenza, mumps, rubella, conjunctivitis, etc. are very common in our place.
Second, there are also non-statutory infectious diseases: common diseases such as chicken pox, genital herpes, tuberculous pleurisy and genital chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Question 2: What are the serious infectious diseases in human history? Smallpox.
As early as the 1 6th century, before European explorers, colonists and conquerors entered the New World, there were nearly1100 million indigenous people living on the American continent. However, in the following year 100, the outbreak of infectious diseases drastically reduced the population to 5 million to100000. Although some of them, such as the Incas and Aztecs, have started to build cities. However, due to the short time, they did not domesticate a large number of animals, nor did they breed many germs that invaded Europeans. However, with the arrival of European colonists, many infectious diseases that indigenous people could not resist also came to the New World.
Smallpox is the most serious of these infectious diseases. Smallpox has spread in human society for thousands of years, and the most serious disease will lead to 30% mortality. Symptoms of smallpox include high fever, body aches, rashes, blisters and permanent scars. This disease is usually transmitted through direct contact with the skin or body fluids of patients, but it can also be transmitted through the air in a closed environment.
Although smallpox vaccine appeared in 1796, smallpox virus continued to spread. Even in 1976, smallpox caused the death of 20,000 people and the panic of millions around the world. In the same year, the World Health Organization began a large-scale vaccination against smallpox. From 65438 to 0977, smallpox cases completely disappeared. Today, this virus has disappeared in nature except in the laboratory.
Spanish flu (Spanish flu)
19 18. At the end of World War I, 37 million people died in the war and millions of soldiers began to return home. At this time, a new disease appeared, some people called it Spanish flu, or century flu and 19 18 flu. The disaster claimed 20 million lives in a few months. Within a year, the flu continued to spread and the death toll was very alarming. It is estimated that 50-654.38 billion people worldwide have died from this epidemic. This flu is considered as the worst plague in human history.
Spanish flu is different from the common flu we encounter every year now. That's a new type of influenza virus, called H 1N 1 Avian Influenza Virus. Scientists suspect that the virus was spread to humans from birds in the Midwest of the United States before the First World War ... Later, 8 million people died in Spain, so this flu was called "Spanish flu". On a global scale, most humans have no resistance to this virus at all, just as the Aztecs faced the dilemma of smallpox in 1550. Large-scale transport troops and supply troops allowed the virus to spread to other areas faster.
19 18 influenza also has typical symptoms of common influenza, such as fever, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and so on. Similarly, patients often have dark spots on their faces, and their lungs are filled with liquid, which is easy to lead to hypoxia. Patients with this disease often die of hydrops in the lungs.
With the variation of the virus and the transformation to non-fatal direction, the flu gradually disappeared after one year. For us, due to the inheritance of genes and some antibodies, we are all resistant to viruses of H 1N 1 family.
Black Death (Black Death)
The car was full of bodies, and the boards were full of dead family members. The nobles and farmers wailed in unison, hoping to get rid of heaven. This is the Black Death, the most terrible infectious disease in human history. The Black Death is considered to be the first truly large-scale epidemic. In Europe, from 65438 to 0348, half the people died of the Black Death. Many people died in China and India at that time. The Black Death continued to spread along the route of war and trade, cities and villages along the way were completely destroyed, and global politics and economy were dealt a fatal blow.
The Black Death has long been regarded as an epidemic. It was spread through the air of fleas and mice. But recent studies have questioned this. Some scientists think that the Black Death may be a hemorrhagic virus similar to Ebola virus. Scientists are studying the remains of suspected plague victims, hoping to find some genetic evidence to confirm this theory.
If the Black Death was a plague, it still exists now. Yersinia pestis will still occur in some poor areas where rats are rampant. But as long as some simple treatment is carried out at the early stage of the disease, the condition can be greatly alleviated. The main symptoms of this disease include swollen lymph nodes, fever, cough, bloody sputum and dyspnea.
Malaria (malaria)
Malaria is not a new infectious disease. The earliest record of malaria appeared 4000 years ago, when the Greeks described the destructive effects of malaria. The earliest statement about mosquito-borne diseases appeared in medical books in ancient India and China. Even now, scientists >>
Question 3: What is the most important infectious disease in human history? Foot-and-mouth disease reduced Britain's economic growth rate from the original forecast of 2.3% to 2%, resulting in economic losses of 7 billion pounds. Tourism, one of the pillar industries, was hit hard. According to reports, compared with the same period in 2000, the tourism income in rural areas of Britain alone has decreased by 75%. SARS 2003, atypical pneumonia broke out in 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of Chinese mainland, affecting 266 counties and cities (districts). As of August 6th 10, there were 5,327 clinically diagnosed cases of atypical pneumonia in Chinese mainland, 4,959 cases were cured and 349 cases died. In 2003, the tourism revenue decreased by about 654.38+0.20 billion yuan, which affected the annual GDP growth by 654.38+0.654.38+0 percentage point. The retail sales of catering industry decreased by about 310.5 billion yuan, which affected the GDP growth by 0.3 percentage points. The overall impact on other consumer goods is small, about 20 billion yuan, affecting GDP growth by 0.2 percentage points. The net export of foreign trade decreased by about $7 billion compared with 2002. Up to now, 393 people have been infected with avian influenza in 15 countries and regions, including 248 deaths, with a mortality rate of 63%. Since 2003, 3 1 person has been infected with avian influenza in China, and 2 1 person has died. At the beginning of 2004, avian influenza swept across the United States and some Asian countries, and millions of poultry in China, Japan, Viet Nam and other countries were infected and died, and many people may have died of avian influenza virus. By the end of 2005, bird flu has caused more than 65.438+0.5 billion birds to be culled, 63 people died, and the direct economic loss was as high as 65.438+0.0 billion dollars. The scope spread to agriculture, tourism and other industries. The World Bank predicts that bird flu will cause global economic losses of 800 billion US dollars. What is avian influenza? Swine flu mainly occurred in Mexico, and the number of confirmed and suspected swine flu deaths rose to 152; There are more than 4,000 suspected cases in China. The number of confirmed cases in the United States rose to 50, and it also spread to Canada, Britain, France, Germany, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia, Italy and other countries 19. The World Bank predicts that the world will lose $3 trillion and the economic recovery will be greatly affected. Swine flu is likely to spread in two ways, from pigs to people and from people to people.
Black Death/KLOC-In the 0/4th century, the plague was prevalent, which was called "Black Death" at that time, and it was popular in Asia, Europe and North Africa, and also in China. In Europe, the Black Death raged for three centuries, killing more than 25 million people. The pathogen that caused the plague was carried by fleas hidden in the fur of black mice. /kloc-in the 0/4th century, there were many black mice. Once the disease occurs, it will spread quickly. Many people died of the Black Death, so that the labor force lacked food. The whole village is deserted, the farmland is deserted, and the grain output is declining. Famine occurred in many parts of Europe after the Black Death. The disaster caused by Spanish influenza is the most serious in the history of influenza epidemic, and it is also the plague with the largest number of deaths in history. It is estimated that the number of patients worldwide exceeds 700 million, the incidence rate is about 20% ~ 40%, and the death toll exceeds 40-50 million. Studies by American scientists show that the Spanish influenza virus that killed 50 million people in1918-1919 probably originated from birds. It's actually a variation of bird flu. Similar to the Black Death, during the flu, the transportation, catering, retail, tourism and entertainment industries were depressed, and hospitals and health services became the biggest winners. It is worth mentioning that the communication industry is developing well. The main country of mad cow disease is Britain. It is estimated that the death toll is increasing at a rate of about 30% every year. So far, 69 people have died from this epidemic. It has spread to France, Ireland, Canada, Denmark, Portugal, Switzerland, Oman, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Albania, Estonia, Lithuania and Cyprus. According to CNN, the mad cow disease incident will cause at least billions of dollars in economic losses to the United States. 200 1 Foot-and-mouth disease broke out in Britain, causing nearly 7 million livestock infected with foot-and-mouth disease to die and burn, and many farmers suffered heavy losses. Most countries in the world, such as America, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and some European countries; Southeast Asian countries, China, Hongkong and Chinese mainland are all "foot-and-mouth disease areas".
Question 4: What are the infectious diseases? Including three types: 1, plague A, cholera 2, infectious atypical pneumonia B, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, epidemic encephalitis B, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria and newborn. 3. Influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea other than cholera, bacterial and amebic dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.
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Question 5: There are 40 latest legal infectious diseases. What are three categories: A, B and C? The types of legal infectious diseases in China are divided into Class A, Class B and Class C, and there are 39 kinds in three categories.
There are two kinds of Class A, including plague and cholera.
There are 26 kinds of Class B infectious diseases, including SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, poliomyelitis, human infection with pathogenic avian influenza, influenza A H 1N 1, measles, epidemic snow fever, rabies, epidemic Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, carbuncle, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Class C infectious diseases 1 1 species, including influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhoid fever, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea except cholera, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, hand, foot and mouth disease.
Question 6: What are the common characteristics of infectious diseases? The transmission route of intestinal infectious diseases is the same, and they are all transmitted through feces-mouth. The excreta and vomit of patients carry a large number of pathogens, which pollute water, food, hands and utensils or bring contaminated bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract of healthy people through flies and other media, causing diseases. Most of the clinical symptoms are diarrhea and other gastrointestinal manifestations in different degrees. In addition, these infectious diseases are highly contagious and are in danger of outbreak, so we should attach great importance to them.
Question 7: What are the characteristics of infectious diseases? I only found five. I hope I can help you.
The characteristics of infectious diseases include the following five aspects:
Pathogen: Every infectious disease has its own specific pathogen, including microorganisms and parasites. Like chicken pox.
The pathogen is varicella virus, and the pathogen of scarlet fever is hemolytic streptococcus. Pathogens are mainly divided into bacteria and viruses (smaller than bacteria)
, cell-free structure), fungi (the pathogen of tinea), protozoa (plasmodium), worms (the pathogen of helminthiasis).
② Infectious: The pathogens of infectious diseases can spread from one person to another through certain channels. Every infection
The disease has a relatively fixed infection period, expelling pathogens, polluting the environment and infecting others.
③ Immunity: Most patients can have different degrees of immunity after the disease is cured. Pathogen of organism infection
Only then can specific immunity be produced. Immunity after infection belongs to active immunity.
④ Preventability: It can be effectively prevented by controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of infection and enhancing people's resistance.
Prevent the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases.
⑤ Epidemiological features: Infectious diseases can be prevalent among people, and their epidemic process is influenced by natural and social factors.
, and shows many popular features.