The mastoid process communicates with the tympanum through the tympanic sinus. There is styloid process under the mastoid, facial nerve out of the skull, and sigmoid sinus behind the nipple. The mastoid process can enter the petrous apex inward, and the external auditory canal is in front of the mastoid process.
Mastoid foramen related diseases
For mastoiditis, we need to know that the main clinical symptoms of different patients are different. So experts suggest that we should find ways to solve the disease in time. Of course, we want to better understand the disease classification of mastoiditis. The following experts made a summary.
Acute mastoiditis is more common in children. Strong virulence of pathogenic bacteria, low resistance of patients, untimely treatment of otitis media or poor discharge of middle ear pus are all the causes of the disease. The infection spread to the mastoid, leading to the fusion and necrosis of pneumoperitoneum and bone. The clinical symptoms are more serious than acute suppurative otitis media, or the symptoms are not relieved after ear purulent discharge, and the mastoid behind the ear is red, swollen and tender. X-ray mastoid film can help diagnosis.
In addition to active use of antibiotics, myringotomy or mastoidectomy should be performed in some cases to avoid serious complications. Chronic mastoiditis. Complicated with chronic suppurative otitis media Simple type leads to mastoid air sac development disorder, and mastoid type leads to mastoid bone destruction. Among them, bone selection leads to necrosis of tympanic sinus and mastoid bone and granulation tissue formation.
Cholesteatoma-type cholesteatoma spreads to mastoid through the superior tympanum and sinus, and a typical cavity with clear edge can be seen on X-ray film. Mastoid lesions erode the surrounding adjacent bones, which can cause the destruction of mastoid cortex, posterior wall of bony ear canal, semicircular canal, facial nerve canal, meninges and sigmoid sinus bone plate.