Take Nimitz as an example. This aircraft carrier is huge and is called a mobile "sea city". It is reported that it is 332.9m long and 76m high, with a draft of 1 1.3m and a displacement of more than 90,000 tons when fully loaded. The entire deck area is about the size of three football fields, and the ship is also equipped with various entertainment facilities for naval soldiers. Such as cinemas, department stores, clothing stores, barber shops and so on.
Among many aircraft carrier facilities, the representative is the ship island facility, which is equipped with many important equipment, such as aviation control system, electronic warfare equipment and a large number of radar antennas. Generally speaking, the island is mainly located on the starboard side of the aircraft carrier, including aviation and navigation. The aviation bridge is mainly responsible for commanding the operations of the carrier aircraft, while the navigation type is responsible for controlling the navigation of the carrier aircraft on the water. The most obvious feature of an aircraft carrier is the carrier-based aircraft that can take off and land fixed wings, and the most important facility is the flight deck.
Due to the limited space of aircraft carrier, the specific design of flight deck has become the key to development. It is understood that the deck height of the aircraft carrier depends on the actual height of the carrier aircraft. Generally, the height between decks is about 2.4-2.8m, and the height of hangar will occupy about 2-3 decks. The main function of the flight deck is to help the carrier aircraft land better. There are about ten floors from the keel to the deck, of which the first floor is the fuel tank or fresh water tank, and the second to fourth floors are the main tank, auxiliary tank and ammunition tank.
According to the definition, the flight deck refers to the deck provided by the upper deck of the aircraft carrier for the take-off, landing and parking of the carrier aircraft. In the past, because the flight speed of the aircraft was not very high, the carrier-based aircraft could land from the small armor plate at the tail of the warship. However, most of the current aircraft carriers are large decks, and the flight deck is wider than the hull, which can withstand the impact of aircraft landing. From the modeling point of view, the shape of the flight deck is very strange, extending from the top of the hull to both sides. Usually, the bottom plate of the flight deck of an aircraft carrier is made of steel plate, and the thickness is about 5 cm–8 cm. In addition, in order to increase the friction of the aircraft carrier's hull, the flight deck of the aircraft carrier will use a special hull coating to increase the friction coefficient to above 0.7.
According to different performance requirements and restrictions, there are several different types of flight decks of aircraft carriers, including straight-through, elastic and inclined flight decks. Among them, the straight deck is designed as a rectangle, which runs through the front and rear of the aircraft carrier. The take-off and landing of the carrier aircraft are on the same deck, which is prone to accidents. In addition, if the carrier-based aircraft fails to land on the ship, it is easy to hit the safety barrier of the aircraft and cause a safety accident. With the increase of carrier-based aircraft speed, the straight-through flight deck is no longer applicable. In contrast, the elastic flight deck adds a shock absorber in the landing area on the basis of the former. But this deck type is more of an idea.
At the same time, British aircraft carrier experts put forward the idea of tilting the flight deck, which separates the take-off area of the bow from the landing area of the stern by deflecting to the port side. This way can not only make the carrier-based aircraft take off and land, but also make the carrier-based aircraft go around and land again, which effectively improves the safety and efficiency of the carrier-based aircraft. However, the angle of the bevel deck cannot be set too large or too small, and it needs to be set in a certain interval. Generally speaking, if the inclination angle of the deck is large, the deck will be wide, which will lead to large deviation, so it is more difficult to reduce it. If the angle is too small, the landing area will occupy a wider area, then the areas of the take-off area and the parking area will be reduced accordingly, and the number of carrier-based aircraft that can be carried will also be reduced.