Poria cocos, commonly known as Poria cocos, Poria cocos and Poria cocos, is a fungal plant parasitic on the roots of pine trees. It is shaped like a sweet potato, with a dark brown skin and a white or pink interior. Its protozoa is the dry sclerotia of Poria cocos, a fungus of Polyporaceae, which is mostly parasitic on the roots of Pinus massoniana or Pinus densiflora. Produced in Yunnan, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan and other places. The ancients called Poria cocos a "four-season medicine" because Poria cocos has a wide range of effects, regardless of the four seasons. When it is combined with various drugs, it can exert its unique efficacy regardless of cold and heat and rheumatism. Poria cocos is sweet, light and flat. When taking medicine, it has the functions of diuresis, invigorating spleen and stomach, calming the heart and calming the nerves. Modern medical research: Poria cocos can enhance the immune function of the body, and Poria cocos polysaccharide has obvious anti-tumor and liver protection effects. The effect of poria cocos is sweet and flat, and it enters the heart, lungs and spleen. Has the effects of eliminating dampness, promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen, regulating stomach, calming heart and tranquilizing mind. Can be used for treating dysuria, edema, excessive phlegm, cough, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, nocturnal emission, stranguria, fright, amnesia, etc. The diuretic effect of Poria cocos is achieved by strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, which is different from other traditional Chinese medicines. Gui Ling Shugan Decoction, Sijunzi Decoction and Sini Decoction are all commonly used prescription of poria cocos. Poria cocos and barley porridge. Poria cocos, coix seed each 25 grams, dried tangerine peel 5 grams, appropriate amount of japonica rice, porridge. Treat diarrhea due to spleen deficiency in children and dysuria. Poria cocos coix seed cake, Poria cocos, Coix seed and white flour, each 30g, with appropriate amount of sugar, are ground into fine powder, evenly pressed into cakes and steamed. It is suitable for children and has the effect of regulating the spleen and stomach. Poria cocos, tangerine peel and ginger juice tea. 25g of Poria cocos and 5g of dried tangerine peel are decocted in water, and ginger juice 10 drop is added when drinking. Has effects in invigorating spleen and regulating stomach, and can be used for treating vomiting during pregnancy. Codonopsis pilosula-An overview of the name of Codonopsis pilosula began in Materia Medica from the New in the Qing Dynasty: "According to the Ancient Materia Medica Cloud, it is better to join the party. There are very few real codonopsis pilosula, and there are many kinds of codonopsis pilosula sold in the store, which are useless. Only Codonopsis pilosula, which is windproof, is expensive and heavy in taste. It is true to have a lion's head, but it is false to have a hard pattern. " The "real codonopsis pilosula" here refers to Araliaceae ginseng produced in Shangdang, Shanxi (now Changzhi, Shanxi). Because the Araliaceae ginseng gradually decreased or even disappeared in this area, later generations used other plants with similar medicinal materials and adopted the name "Shangdang Ginseng". By the Qing Dynasty, doctors had clearly realized that counterfeit drugs and ginseng were not the same, and gradually isolated a new medicinal variety with the shape of Fangfeng and the root of lion head, and named it "Dangshen". Regarding the shape of this codonopsis pilosula, the Textual Research on Plant Names has detailed records: "Codonopsis pilosula is mostly produced in Shanxi. The roots are two or three feet long, crawling, the leaves are wrong, the nodes are as big as fingers, the roots of wild people have white juice, and the autumn flowers are like adenophora, and the color is blue and white, which is beneficial to the natives. " Combined with the attached drawings, the original plant is the same as Codonopsis pilosula used today. 1, a perennial grass of codonopsis pilosula. The root is long and cylindrical, with a diameter of 1- 1.7cm. The top carbonyl root is enlarged with many tumor-like stem marks, and the outer skin is milky yellow to grayish brown with vertical and horizontal wrinkles. Stems are twining, long and branched, and the lower part is sparsely white and rough bristles; The upper part is smooth or nearly smooth. Leaves opposite, alternate or pseudowhorled; The petiole is 0.5-2.5 cm long; Leaf blade ovoid and broadly ovoid, length 1-7 cm, width 0.8-5.5 cm, blunt or sharp tip, truncated or shallow heart-shaped base, entire or microwave-shaped, green at the top, coarse hair, pink and green at the bottom, pubescent. Flowers solitary, pedicels thin; Calyx green, lobes 5, oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 cm long, apex obtuse, smooth or slightly hairy; Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, yellow-green, with lavender spots, 5-lobed apex, triangular to broadly triangular lobes, erect; Stamens 5, enlarged below the middle of filament; Ovary inferior, 3-loculed, short style, 3 stigmas, extremely wide, funnel-shaped. Conical capsule with persistent calyx. The seeds are small, ovoid, brown and shiny. The flowering period is August-September, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. 2. The main differences of this variety of Dangshen are as follows: all of them are nearly smooth and hairless; Calyx lobes are small, about 10mm long. 3. The difference between this species and the first two species is that the leaf base at the lower part of the stem is wedge-shaped or obtuse, and only occasionally presents a heart shape; Calyx is only close to the lowest part of ovary, and ovary is almost completely superior to calyx. The flowering and fruiting period is July -65438+ 10. 4. The difference between this kind of flower management party participating in the first three kinds is that the stems are not entangled, and most of them are climbing or crawling. Petiole short, less than 5 mm long. Calyx adnate to the middle of ovary, lobes broadly ovoid, 65438 0.2 mm long and 8 mm wide, less than half of corolla; Corolla tubular; Filaments are hairy and anthers are keel-shaped. The flowering and fruiting period is July -65438+ 10. 5. The difference between this species and the first four species is that the leaves are smaller, and the length and width are all below 3cm. Calyx attached to the end of ovary, with bristles, lobes ovoid or rhombic ovoid, with broad and blunt curvature between lobes, serrations and bristles; Corolla is spherical, bell-shaped, yellow, and purple at the top. The flowering and fruiting period is July -65438+ 10. 6. The difference between this species and the first five species is that the stem length is 25-85cm. Many branches, nearly woody. The plants are densely covered with white hairs, which makes the stem plants gray. Leaves alternate on the main stem, nearly opposite on the lateral branches, and the leaves are small, and the length and width can reach below 1.5cm× 1cm. Calyx is densely covered with white bristles outside; Corolla length is generally not more than 2cm. The flowering and fruiting period is July-65438+1October [1]. Lycium barbarum is one of the five treasures in Ningxia, and the most famous one is Ningxia 369 Lycium barbarum! Zhongning County, Ningxia is a famous hometown of Lycium barbarum in China, which has been planted for more than 600 years. The soil in Zhongning area is alkaline, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. Such natural conditions are suitable for the growth of Lycium barbarum, and 369 Lycium barbarum grows in such an environment. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Lycium barbarum here was listed as a tribute. Although Zhongning Lycium barbarum has been introduced and planted in various places, the Lycium barbarum produced in other places is different from Zhongning Lycium barbarum in nutrition and appearance. Zhongning Lycium barbarum is oval, red or purplish red, and its navel is obviously white. After opening the package, it will have a special fragrance, which will not sink in a short time after being put in clear water. Because the quality of Zhongning Lycium barbarum is the best, its price is definitely the highest, about 50- 100 yuan per catty. The quality of Lycium barbarum in this price range is the same, but the price of granules is different. Directory 1 Encyclopedia Business Card 2 Introduction 3 Medicine 4 Diet 5 Recipes 6 Ecological Habits Encyclopedia Business Card Editor Chinese scientific name of Lycium barbarum, alias: Lycium barbarum, red pearl thorn, avocado, dog tooth, Bermuda grass, dog milk kingdom: plant kingdom: angiosperms: Dicotyledonous subclass: Synonymous subclass: Guanhuasuborder: Solanaceae: Lycium barbarum: distribution area: China. It is a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine and nutritional tonic. Lycium barbarum can effectively inhibit the formation of cancer cells and can be used to prevent and treat cancer. The source of this passage is the mature fruit of Lycium barbarum, a dicotyledonous plant medicine solanaceae. Efficacy: tonifying kidney and essence, nourishing liver and improving eyesight, nourishing blood and calming nerves, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, moistening lung and relieving cough. Indications: Treating liver and kidney yin deficiency, soreness of waist and knees, dizziness, dizziness, tears, cough, thirst and nocturnal emission. ① Tao Hongjing: "Tonifying essence and strengthening vagina." ② Theory of medicinal properties: "It can tonify essence deficiency, change color, whiten skin, improve eyesight and soothe the nerves." (3) Dietotherapy Materia Medica: "Strengthening tendons and resisting aging, expelling wind, nourishing bones and muscles, benefiting the body and relieving fatigue." 4 Wang: "The main heart disease is dryness, heartache, thirst and drinking, and kidney disease disappears." ⑤ Outline: "Nourishing kidney, moistening lung and improving eyesight." ⑥ "Materia Medica": "Treating liver wind and blood deficiency, red eyes, itching and fainting." It can be used for treating apoplexy, dizziness, fatigue, blood syndrome, hemoptysis, flaccidity, syncope, contracture, stagnation, dry injury, nocturnal emission, red and white turbidity, beriberi, and knee wind. "Sex and taste return to the meridian: sweet and flat. ① Don't record: "Slightly cold, non-toxic." ② Theory of medicinal properties: "Sweet and flat." 3 dietotherapy materia medica: "Cold, non-toxic. "Into the liver and kidney. ① "Herbal Yan Hui": "Entering the Meridian of Foot Deficiency and Foot Jueyin." ② Interpretation of Materia Medica: "Kidney Meridian and Hand-heart Meridian of Foot Entering Shaoyin. "(3) dispensing of essential drugs:" it enters the liver and stomach meridians and also enters the lung meridians. "Usage and dosage: oral administration: decoction, 2-4 yuan; Boil cream, soak in wine, or take pills. Medication should be avoided: those with exogenous pathogenic factors and excess heat, spleen deficiency and dampness, and diarrhea should not take it. (1) Classic of Materia Medica: "People with weak spleen and stomach and diarrhea should not enter." ② "Herbal Yan Hui": "Those with cold phlegm and deficiency of spleen and stomach should not enter." (3) Ben Feng Jingyuan: "People with yang deficiency and yin deficiency should use it with caution." 4 "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Get fertile land. "Drug compatibility: it is used together with chrysanthemum for improving eyesight due to liver and kidney deficiency. It is compatible with Radix Rehmanniae Preparata and should be used together. It is used for soreness of waist and knees, irregular menstruation and premature senility of nocturnal emission caused by yin deficiency of liver and kidney. It can also be used for dizziness, tinnitus and blurred vision caused by deficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood. It is compatible with Radix Glehniae, and is suitable for cough, dry throat, thirst due to yin deficiency and yin injury due to lung and stomach yin injury. Used with Ligustrum lucidum, it is used for dizziness, dizziness or sudden blindness, early whitening and soreness of waist and knees. It is used together with Semen Cuscutae to treat kidney essence deficiency, liver blood deficiency, blurred vision, nocturnal emission, premature ejaculation, dizziness, tinnitus and lumbago. With Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, it can nourish liver and kidney, benefit essence and blood, blacken hair and strengthen tendons. Combined with Ophiopogon japonicus, it can be used to treat fever, yin deficiency, lung dryness, thirst quenching, and has conditioning effect. Polygonatum sibiricum can nourish yin and blood, Lycium barbarum can help Polygonatum sibiricum nourish yin and lungs, and Polygonatum sibiricum can help Lycium barbarum nourish yin and blood. Alias: Gou screwdriver (Notes on Materia Medica), sweet rapeseed (Materia Medica for famine relief), Bazi (Tibetan medicine correction), red green pepper, pedicel hoof (Henan Chinese medicine manual), dog milk (Jiangsu medicinal plant record), Lycium barbarum (Hebei medicine), Lycium barbarum and dog chop. The original plant Lycium barbarum L. (Classic) is also known as: Lycium barbarum L. (Book of Songs), Lycium barbarum L. (Biography), Lycium barbarum L. (Classic), goat's milk (Wupu Materia Medica), Kuqi, Lycium barbarum L., (Guangya), Xiangchai and Lu Chun. Prescription name of Shishou Tree: Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum fruit, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum. It is produced in Ningxia. The best quality. It's an authentic medicinal material. Medicinal part: the root bark (Lycium barbarum bark) and tender stem leaves (Lycium barbarum leaves) of the above plants are also used as medicine, and each has its own detailed articles. Distribution of animal and plant resources: Lycium barbarum is distributed in most parts of the country. Lycium barbarum is distributed in Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and other places. Collection and storage of medicinal materials: when fruits are ripe in summer and autumn, they are picked, pedicled, dried in the shade until the epidermis is wrinkled, and then dried in the sun until the epidermis is dry and hard and the pulp is soft. In case of rain, it can be dried with low fire. Latin scientific name: Lycium barbarum, the original plant of Lycium barbarum. Processing method: removing impurities and residual stems. Outline: "Whoever uses Lycium barbarum, pick out the branches, wash the bright ones, moisten them with wine all night, and mash them into medicine." "Textual research: from Records of Famous Doctors:" Lycium barbarum was born in Pingze, Changshan, on the banks of various hills. Harvest roots in winter, leaves in spring and summer, stems in autumn, solid and dry in the shade. " (2) Meng Qian Bitan: "Lycium barbarum, born in the extreme edge of Shaanxi Province, is tall and upright, with large columns, leaves several inches long and no thorns, and its roots and bark are like magnolia officinalis, which is unique. The cloud of "A Thousand Daughters Wing" says that Ganzhou is true and Ye Houda is. Generally speaking, it is from Hexi counties, followed by the banks of the river pond. Round as a cherry. It has a lower core content and is as dry as a cake. This is very creamy and delicious. " 3 "Materia Medica": "Lycium barbarum should use stem bark, wolfberry bark should use root bark, and Lycium barbarum should use its red fruit. This is a three-purpose thing. Its skin is cold, its roots are cold, and its children are slightly cold, which is also third-class. ..... Today, people often use their sons as tonics, but they have never studied the meaning of classics, so they should measure their deficiency and excess and use them for cold and heat. " (4) "Compendium": "In ancient times, there were medlar and medlar, with Changshan as the top and other hills and banks available. Later generations are only good in Shaanxi and excellent in Ganzhou. Today, in Lanzhou, Lingzhou and the west of Jiuyuan, Shaanxi Province, Lycium barbarum is not a big tree, with thick leaves and thick roots. Hexi and Ganzhou people, their sons are round like cherries, dry and tight, with few stones, red and sweet, and taste like grapes, which can be used as fruit food, which is different from others. ..... On the whole, people in Hexi are the best. "Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: Lycium barbarum contains carotene 3.39 mg%, thiamine O.23 mg%, riboflavin 0.33 mg%, nicotinic acid 1.7 mg% and ascorbic acid 3 mg%. β-sitosterol, linoleic acid, zeaxanthin, betaine and a thiamine inhibitor were separated. The peel contains Physalien. The fruit of Lycium barbarum in Ningxia contains betaine and Physalis red pigment. It is said that its active ingredient is nitrogen glycoside, but it is not pure. It is also reported that it contains carotene, vitamin B 1, B2 and C, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Seeds contain fatty oil 17.2 1%, total sugar 22% ~ 52%, protein 13% ~ 2 1%, and crude fat 8. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide is obtained from the water-soluble part of the fruit, which is about 6% ~ 8%. American ginseng (scientific name: American ginseng) is a kind of ginseng, also known as Guangdong ginseng and American ginseng. It is named after the old name of Citigroup. It is native to the northern United States and southern Canada, mainly in Wisconsin. Usually, according to the origin, Citigroup participates in Canada's participation (generally called); Although it is the same species, due to the influence of climate, the horizontal stripes of the former are more obvious than the latter, and the content of effective components is also higher. The administration method comprises boiling, stewing, steaming, slicing, melting or grinding into fine powder for oral administration. American ginseng (scientific name: American ginseng) is a kind of ginseng, also known as Guangdong ginseng and American ginseng. It is named after the old name of Citigroup. It is native to the northern United States and southern Canada, mainly in Wisconsin. Usually, according to the origin, Citigroup participates in Canada's participation (generally called); Although it is the same species, due to the influence of climate, the horizontal stripes of the former are more obvious than the latter, and the content of effective components is also higher. The administration method comprises boiling, stewing, steaming, slicing, melting or grinding into fine powder for oral administration. The English name of American ginseng just discovered comes from the dried root of American ginseng in Araliaceae. They are all cultivated products, which are dug, washed, dried or dried at low temperature in autumn. The method is to remove reeds, fully moisten them, honey them, slice them, dry them in the sun or mash them if necessary, and serve them. Characteristics This product is spindle-shaped, cylindrical or conical, with a length of 3 ~ 12 cm and a diameter of 0.8 ~ 2 cm. The surface is light yellow-brown or yellow-white, with transverse ring lines and linear lenticels, thin and shallow longitudinal wrinkles and fibrous root marks. There are one or several lateral roots in the middle and lower part of the main root; Many of them have been broken. Some have rhizomes (reed heads) at the top, and the links are obvious. Stem scar (reed bowl) is round or semi-circular, with adventitious root scab or broken. Heavy, solid, not easy to break, flat section, light yellow-white, slightly powdery, yellow-brown dotted resin grooves can be seen on the epidermis, and the cambium is brown in ring pattern, and some parts are slightly radial. The gas is slightly specific, and the taste is slightly bitter and sweet. Alias American ginseng, American ginseng, etc. Araliaceae, Panax. Perennial herbs. The whole plant is hairless. The rhizome is shorter than ginseng, the root is fleshy, spindle-shaped and has fewer branches. The stem is cylindrical, about 25 cm long, with longitudinal stripes or slightly angular. Palmately 5-compound leaves, usually 3-4, whorled on the stem; Leaflets are membranous, broadly ovoid to obovate, with acute apex, deformed base and coarsely serrated edges. The total pedicel is drawn from the center of the petiole at the end of the stem, which is slightly longer or almost as long as the petiole. Umbellies, many flowers, equal green, bell-shaped; Petals 5, green and white. Berries, oblate, paired, bright red when ripe. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September. American ginseng is suitable to grow in broad-leaved forest in mountainous areas at an altitude of about 1000 meters, with annual rainfall of about 1000 mm, annual average temperature of about 13℃, frost-free period of 150 ~ 200 days, mild climate and abundant rainfall. Like cool and humid places, avoid strong light and high temperature. The optimum temperature for growing period is 65438 08 ~ 24℃, and the relative humidity of air is about 80%. Strict requirements for soil, suitable for growing in forest sandy soil with loose soil, thick and fertile soil layer and rich humus, with pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.5, and continuous cropping is prohibited. Wild American ginseng was born in the forest of Shan Ye, North America, and was obtained by ginseng pickers who went deep into the forest. Mature wild American ginseng is more than ten years old, and there are more elderly people in the past twenty years, and those over fifty years old are rare. Imported American ginseng resources are scarce and on the verge of extinction. At present, the mining and export of wild American ginseng need to be authorized by the American Endangered Plant Protection Organization, so authentic imported wild American ginseng is rare in the domestic market. The United States exported 206,000 pounds of wild American ginseng every year from 65438 to 0983-2000. ) collect and select the roots that have grown for 3 ~ 6 years, dig the roots in autumn, remove the branches and whiskers, and dry them in the sun. Wet it with water, peel it, smoke it with sulfur, and dry it in the sun. It turns white and is powdery, which is called powdered American ginseng. Dig it out and dry it or dry it with skin, which is the original skin of American ginseng. Alias alias American ginseng, American ginseng, American ginseng, Flemish ginseng, Zheng Guang ginseng, American ginseng, American ginseng, frontal ginseng, top ginseng and soaked ginseng.