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Detailed data of earthworms
Lumbricus annulata, the general name of about 155 amphibians (1230 gymnophonia [formerly] 〕Apoda〕]. Cave dwelling or swimming in water, often hidden, distributed in the Western Hemisphere (from Mexico to northern Argentina), Africa, Southeast Asia and Seychelles, with degraded limbs and belts. It is characterized by many body rings on the body surface, with a body length of 10? 150 cm (about 4? 60 inches), with a maximum diameter of 5 cm (2 inches). Colors range from black to pink to brown. Small eyes, hidden under the skin or even under the bones. There is a chemical antenna between the eyes and nostrils. The male and female are similar in appearance, and the male has a mating device that can be inserted into the female for fertilization. More primitive species are protected by females after spawning, and larvae can live freely after hatching. Other species also lay eggs, but they do not develop directly. Many species are viviparous, the mother fallopian tube provides nutrition for the embryo, and the earthworm is born after maturity.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Lumbricus Latin scientific name: caecilian alias: naked blind snake kingdom: phylum: Vertebrate class: Amphibian class: Lumbricus: Lumbricus distribution area: Southeast Asia, South Asia and new guinea in western, eastern and western Africa. Pronunciation: y. Yuán Basic introduction, morphological characteristics, living habits, origin and evolution, Banna Lumbricus, Mexican Lumbricus and related stories. This paper basically introduces the order Earthworms, that is, Anpoda, an order of amphibians, which has a very short tail or no tail, no limbs and limb bands, and looks like earthworms. More than 60 species of/kloc-0 are known, belonging to 7 families and more than 30 genera. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical hot and humid areas all over the world, especially in South America (none in Antilles); It is distributed in both east and west sides of Africa (there are 6 ~ 7 species in Cecil Islands and none in Madagascar); In the Asia-Pacific region, it is distributed in Southeast Asia, South Asia and West New Guinea (called Irian in the west). Oceania and Europe are not distributed. There are two species of China, distributed in Guangxi and southern Yunnan. The body is slender and surrounded by lines, forming multiple rows of rings and folds. Small eyes, hidden under the skin or even under the bones. There is a chemical antenna between the eyes and nostrils. There are rows of glands and dermal scales between each 1 fold, which are sunken in the dermis. There are thousands of rows of scales between the folds of the back, and only a few are scaleless. There are 1 retractable "tactile protrusions" on the head side, which may be related to the sense of smell. The eyes are small and have no eyelids. They are hidden under the skin or covered with thin-film bones. The wall of the male cloaca can become a connector and be fertilized in the body. Except 1 family is aquatic, most of them are oviparous or viviparous. When hatching, branchial fissure is not closed. After living in water for a period of time, gill slits closed, fin folds disappeared, and contact protrusions were obviously prominent, thus completing metamorphosis. Among the extant amphibians, there are only small scaly bones in the order Lumbricus, and there are generally no big pits between the bone fragments in the head. The former is an ancient feature, while the latter is similar to an ancient amphibian without a big nest, which may be related to crustacean arthropods or dissolved algae in the late Carboniferous. There are only two species of China 1 genus, namely, the Banna salamander distributed in Yunnan and the Myxocypriot salamander distributed in Guangxi. There are 2 genera and 36 species in tropical Asia. Fish salamanders are very similar to earthworms, and some people classify them into one family. Fish salamanders also have many primitive characteristics similar to earthworms, but the contact process is already in sight, and their characteristics are slightly better than earthworms. Fish salamanders lay eggs, and female salamanders coil these eggs with their bodies until they hatch. In our country, there are two kinds of salamanders, namely salamanders and salamanders. Among them, the salamander was once considered as an independent species, and they were the only representatives of the Anpoda in China. Large earthworms mostly feed on invertebrates and occasionally prey on small lizards. Generally, chopped fish and shrimp meat or bread worms can be used. Artificial feed can also be readily accepted, and food supply will not be difficult. The mother earthworm hatches the eggs in the body, so that the larvae can grow to a certain length before they are produced, so that the larvae can live independently from the mother earthworm after production. Morphological characteristics: the body is slender, and there are many rows of ring lines and folds around the body surface. There are long rows of cystic glands and 4 ~ 6 rows of dermal bone scales between the annular folds, which are sunken in the dermis, and there are thousands of rows of scales between the dorsal folds, only a few of which are scaleless. There is a retractable "tactile process" between the nose and eyes, which may be related to the sense of smell. The eyes are small and have no eyelids. They are hidden under the skin or covered by thin film bones. The middle ear has only undeveloped ear cap bone and ear column bone, but no eustachian tube, tympanic cavity and tympanic membrane. The tongue is large and has a free edge against the inner nostril. Maxillary teeth and parallel vomeropalatine teeth 1 row, mandibular teeth 1 ~ 2 rows. Bone chips on the back and ventral side of the head are large and few, arranged tightly and firmly, and generally there is no big pit. Although this skull type is different from the existing tailed and tailless skulls, the composition of bone fragments is basically the same. A strong skull is a feature of adapting to cave life. Vertebral biconcave, residual spinal cord. The ribs are longer, the right lung is developed and the left lung is degenerated. Whether anal fissure is placed vertically or horizontally. The life habit of earthworm is burrowing. Except for the blind earthworm in South America, it lives in wet caves near various fresh water areas and goes out to eat earthworms and termites at night. Generally, it is easy to see after heavy rain, ovoid or ovoviviparous. Newt laid more than 20 ~ 50 eggs in the cave, and wrapped this pile of eggs with wet body until the eggs hatched. At the time of hatching, three pairs of slender pinnate outer gills have shrunk and branchial fissure is not closed. The last segment of the larva has fin folds and lateral line organs. After living in water for a period of time, branchial cleft closes, fin folds disappear, and contact protrusions can obviously protrude out of the nest, indicating that metamorphosis is is complete. Oviposition feeds on embryonic teeth, scraping the milk secreted by the mother's fallopian tube wall as nutrition, and feeding on termites and earthworms. Origin and Evolution Among modern amphibians, only earthworms have smaller bone scales, and there are generally no big pits between skulls. The former is an ancient feature, and the latter is similar to the feature that there is no big pit in ancient amphibians. The origin of this project is still inconclusive. Although it is thought that it may be related to crustaceans or Lepidoptera arthropods and algae-lysing genus in the late Carboniferous, the evidence is insufficient. Earthworms have a long history of development, and there are suspicious fossils in Carboniferous. A paleocene limb vertebra found in Brazil was confirmed as an earthworm, and it was designated as an anthropoid ape. Banna earthworm habitat: It lives in the mountainous area with dense forests at an altitude of 200-600m, and likes to live in the mountain stream with overgrown water plants and fertile land in Chi Pan, and likes to live in caves. Predation mode and food: don't sleep at night, feed on worms and insect larvae. Identify characteristics and habits: the body looks like a bug. At first glance, it has no limbs and tail. Due to long-term adaptation to cave dwelling, the eyes are hidden under the skin, there are contact protrusions between the eyes and nose, and there are about 360 folds in the body. The back is brown and black, with yellow longitudinal stripes on the side, with a total length of about 380 mm Classification: Amphibia, Anpoda, Fistulae. Distribution: Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Guangxi and parts of Guangdong. Mexican earthworm is a typical earthworm, which lives in the soil during the day and comes out for food at night. Like most earthworms, it mainly moves on land. The biggest difference between them and earthworms is that although they are not very developed, they have mouths to eat and eyes. The existence of this amphibian is difficult for ordinary people to detect. Humidity is the most important factor in raising this special amphibian, and it is necessary to maintain the same high humidity environment as ordinary amphibians in order to obtain good reproductive effect. Earthworm-related story (June 5, 2008, Taipei time) According to the British Daily Telegraph, scientists reported that the extreme feeding method of feeding on the mother has a very long history, which can be traced back at least 654.38 billion years ago. Two years ago, scientists discovered an earthworm-like amphibian in Kenya, which adopted this extreme way of eating. The mother of this earthworm will feed her child with her own skin. The research was conducted by a research team from the Museum of Natural History, with Dr. MarkWilkinson as the team leader and other members including Dr. AlexanderKupfer and colleagues from Germany and Brazil. The outer cortex of Boulengerulataitanus contains the same nutrients as milk, which can supplement the fat of cubs and help them grow up healthily. The larva of the earthworm Boulengerulataitanus eats its mother's skin with its teeth. In this way, the mother will make great sacrifices and create an ideal start for her child's life. In fact, because this amphibian has to go through the peeling stage, this extreme feeding method seems to be a clever way, and most of the skin can grow back. In fact, Boulengerulataitanus can grow to 1 foot (about 30.48 cm), and the body will not be harmed when feeding its young with its own skin. The research team reported that Eisenia annulata, a distant relative of Bren Grincourt and Tannous in South America, also adopted this strange feeding method. This discovery shows that this may be an ancient way of feeding larvae with the body, and many earthworms living underground may also adopt the same way. Through research, scientists can determine when the common ancestor of Boulengerulataitanus and Eisenia annulata appeared. It is estimated that he lived at least 654.38 billion years ago. In the journal Biology Letters, they also reported another previously suspected phenomenon, which is also unacceptable to human beings. Wilkinson said: "In addition to biting the mother's skin, earthworms will also drink the liquid from the mother's lower body."