With the increasing number of domestic fish lovers, ordinary ornamental fish can no longer meet the needs of the majority of players. Many kinds of tropical fish from abroad were introduced to China, which greatly enriched the species of ornamental fish. However, tropical fish are difficult to raise because of their different origins, varieties and habits. After years of personal farming, I consulted some domestic and foreign works on tropical fish farming technology, absorbed the experience of friends in the circle, and summarized some effective experiences on tropical fish farming technology, so I would like to exchange and discuss with you here.

1 ? How to control water quality

1. 1 What water is used? The water used for fish farming varies according to the fish species. River water, lake water and reservoir water are rich in dissolved oxygen, but there are many harmful insects and pathogens in the water, which need to be treated before they can be used. Well water and spring water contain many minerals, and most of them are hard water. Except some fish from the Great Lakes of Africa, other species of tropical fish are difficult to adapt to. The tap water we use every day is characterized by convenient access and less fungi. The hardness of tap water in all parts of China is 5 ~ 15 German. Before raising some tropical fish that need soft water, it is necessary to soften the water quality. The commonly used methods of water softening are the following (1) ion exchange softening method. Filter with special softening material to achieve the purpose of softening. (2) drying method. Let the water stand for a period of time (15 to 30 days). (3) heating method. Heat water, filter and precipitate, and then aerate. (4) Adding a small amount of soda ash (Na2CO3) into the water, filtering out the precipitate, and adding a small amount of acid for neutralization.

Poor water quality

The water quality is better

1.2 How to monitor water quality? Regularly monitor water quality. Usually, the physical and chemical indexes of water quality include dissolved oxygen, pH value, three-state nitrogen content, water temperature, light intensity and so on. Dissolved oxygen is 5 mg/L, pH is 5.5 ~ 8.5, the content of nitrogen nitrite is less than 0. 1mg/l/L, and the water temperature is generally maintained at about 25 degrees Celsius.

1.3 How to maintain water quality? Regularly add water stabilizer and nitrifying bacteria. Water quality stabilizer can neutralize some harmful ions in water; Nitrifying bacteria can remove the residual harmful ammonia nitrogen in water, maintain the number of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria; A small amount of salt can inhibit the reproduction of bacteria in water.

1.4 When to change the water? After feeding for a period of time, a lot of harmful substances are dissolved in the water, and the color of the water turns yellow and dark, so it is time to change the water. Generally, the exchange water volume is one third of the total exchange water volume per week, depending on the density of fish, feeding situation, season and feeding purpose. The water exchange rate needs to be increased in the following situations: (1) The temperature is too high and the air pressure is too low. (2) Three-state nitrogen exceeds the standard. (3) More bait, more feces, more secretions, and faster deterioration of water quality. In addition, the water exchange rate should be reduced in the following cases: (1) If the temperature is too low, changing water will lead to a large temperature difference. (2) Types of special needs. Some kinds of fish, such as arowana and angelfish, frequently changing water is not good for their growth. (3) When the fish is in a special physiological state, it is necessary to change water less, for example, the fish is weak, in the breeding stage, and the young fish has just hatched. When changing water for the aquarium, try to keep the water temperature at the same level as the original water temperature. The temperature is low in winter and spring, and the water temperature of new water can be one or two degrees higher than the original water temperature. In summer, on the contrary, the water temperature of fresh water can be one or two degrees lower than the original water temperature.

Angel fish eggs

Change water less during spawning period of angelfish.

2 Fish feed

The relationship between water quality change, feed quantity and fish body condition always affects each other. With the increase of feeding amount, the fish's food intake will also increase, and its activity, ornamental value and disease resistance will also increase accordingly, but the water quality will deteriorate faster, and the change of water quality will in turn affect the above factors, which is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of fish, and vice versa. Therefore, the key is to grasp the appropriate feeding amount. Generally speaking, it is advisable to finish eating fish in about five minutes. Adult fish can be fed once a day or even once every two days if there is no special need, and within a certain range, less should not be more. The feeding amount needs to be increased in the following situations: (1) After changing water, the water quality becomes better and the appetite of fish increases, so the feeding amount can be increased. (2) recovery period after illness. (3) Prenatal nutritional supplement is beneficial to improve the quality of litter. (4) In the postpartum recovery stage, supplementing energy is beneficial to the recovery and reproduction of the next fish. (5) When the seasonal temperature is suitable, the feeding amount can be appropriately increased. The feeding amount should be reduced in the following situations: (1) Do not feed before changing water to prevent fish from vomiting after changing water. (2) No feeding or less feeding during the breeding period. At this time, the fish's appetite decreases or there is no appetite. (3) feed less sick fish. (5) Don't feed when the temperature is low, so as to slow down the time of water quality deterioration.

3 disease prevention

There are many diseases of tropical fish, which are difficult to cure, so prevention should be the focus.

3. 1 Clean the fish tank in the following situations: (1) When it is necessary to replace more than half of the fish stocks or the main cultured species; (2) The fish died one after another, and the measures taken had no obvious effect; (3) When there are too many algae and aquatic organisms.

3.2 Keep the fish isolated under the following conditions: (1) When the fish is sick; (2) Fish eggs and young fish need to be taken out for temporary rearing; (3) Newly purchased fish can only be put into polyculture after being kept in isolation to ensure that they are disease-free.

3.3 Biological bait (such as red worm) must be fresh and washed clean, and disinfected with potassium permanganate when necessary.

3.4 The water temperature is relatively stable, and it can't be high and low; The light intensity should be appropriate, too strong and too weak are harmful to the growth of fish.

3.5 Maintain the water quality, control the density of fish and prevent the density from being too high.

Feeding density is normal

The feeding density is slightly higher.