Basic introduction Chinese name: mbth: Lunar New Year 1 9th, commonly known as Tiangong Sheng Overview: one of the traditional lunar festivals in China. Festival introduction: In China folklore, the festival introduction, sacrificial ceremony, matters needing attention, folk festivals, Jade Emperor, sacrificial ceremony and festivals on the ninth day of the first month are introduced. In China folklore, the ninth day of the first month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor, commonly known as the "Jade Emperor's Meeting", and it is said that the gods of heaven and earth should celebrate it ceremoniously. The Jade Emperor personally descended to earth on the 25th of the twelfth lunar month to inspect the situation of all parties. Reward good and punish evil according to the good and evil of all beings. On the afternoon of his birthday, the Jade Emperor returned to Lu 'an and Heaven. At that time, there should be a grand celebration in the Taoist temple. On the birthday of the Jade Emperor, people will hold ceremonies to celebrate it. Firecrackers can be heard all the time from midnight to 4 am that day. The ceremony of worshipping the public is quite grand. There is an altar under the main hall tiangong furnace. Generally, a long bench or a short bench is used. First, the gold paper is placed and then the square table is folded to be the "upper table". A table with auspicious patterns is tied in front of the table and a "lower table" is set behind it. The "top table" is dedicated to a shrine made of colored paper (symbolizing the throne of God). There is an incense burner in the center of the front, with three bundles of red paper lines and three cups of green tea in front of it and a candlestick beside it. Later five fruits (oranges, oranges, apples, bananas, sugar cane and other fruits) and six lent (Flammulina velutipes, Auricularia auricula, mushrooms, Chinese cabbage, lobster sauce, mung beans and so on. ) was arranged to sacrifice to the jade emperor; Five animals under the table (chicken, duck, fish, eggs, pork or pork belly, pig liver), sweet materials (raw kernels, dates, cakes, etc.). ), red turtle shell (like a turtle, the outside is dyed red, and the seal of the turtle shell symbolizes people's longevity) and other gods sacrifice to the jade emperor. Note: Before worshipping God, the whole family must fast and bathe. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, family members are even forbidden to dry clothes, especially pants, underwear or empty trash cans, to show respect for the Jade Emperor. If you want to sacrifice livestock, you must use a rooster, not a hen. If you want to make a wish, you must use a whole pig or a whole sheep. Some pious families think that it is not enough to worship at home, and they will visit the Temple of Heaven all over the night, such as the Temple of Heaven on Zhong Yi Road in Tainan, the Temple of Heaven in Kaohsiung and the Muzha Finger Palace. Every year on the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, they are brightly lit and very lively. On that day, there was also the ceremony of "Ann Tai Sui". Those who committed crimes against Tai-sui can go to the temple, write down their names and years, and add some sesame oil money. The temple will be responsible for offering sacrifices. There is another way for Tai Sui: at the beginning of the year, at home, use red tablets to surround the rice tube as a stove, write "Tai Sui Xing Jun is here", and then offer sacrifices every day. People in Fujian and Taiwan Province Province call the Jade Emperor "God". On the ninth day of the first month, people will "worship God", fast and bathe, burn incense and worship chanting, and in some places they will sing operas to entertain God. In the north of China, there used to be a custom to patrol the village and the street with the jade emperor's sacrifice in hand and the jade emperor's statue on his back. It is said that1February 25th is the day when the Jade Emperor came to earth. In the past, Taoist temples and China people had to burn incense and recite scriptures to welcome the Jade Emperor. Folk festivals and customs: seven can't go out, eight can't go back, and nine can do things. In ancient China, people thought that nine represented the majority, was the largest and the largest in numbers, so it was the best. Also known as "Daylight", it is said that it is the birthday of the Jade Emperor and must be celebrated grandly. Nine is homophonic with wine, and nine is inseparable from wine. Every household prepared a sumptuous banquet, drank to the fullest and celebrated the birthday of the Jade Emperor. In the old days, on this night, men and women gathered under a big tree (preferably under a osmanthus tree) to sing, and invited the jade emperor's favorite little daughter, the seven fairies, to descend to earth. The songs they sing must be happy and auspicious, so that the seven fairies will be happy. When she is happy, her father, the Jade Emperor, will bless everything on the earth. Enshi Tujia people also believe that doing things on the ninth day will get twice the result with half the effort, so there is a saying that "seven things don't come out, eight things don't return, and there are a lot of things on the ninth day". "seven days can't go out" means don't go out to do business and things on the seventh day. If you can't do it well, you can't do it well "Eight no return" means that people who are away from home don't go home this day. "Return" means completion and "Eight" means development. It should be "development" and not "completion". "Nine days of trouble" means that things will be blessed by the jade emperor on the ninth day, not only will they be done, but they will be done more and more neatly. Today, some old people will put difficult things on this day to do. The effect of this day's work is good, which is actually a common belief formed by people for a long time. In the communication of doing things, people think that God is above us, dare not make things difficult, and reason with each other, and things will be easy. No seven, no eight, no seven. Don't go out before you go out. There are seven things you can't do well. These seven things are: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea, which are the seven things we usually say to open the door. People who used to go out were often the head of the family and the backbone of the family. Therefore, you must arrange your life at home before you go out. Eight does not return. It is said that after going out, don't go home without doing eight things well. These eight things are: filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame. These are the eight basic moral principles of the ancients. Violating any of them is a shame to our ancestors and a shame to face our family. According to folklore, many folk gods in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province belong to Taoism. Jade Emperor, referred to as Jade Emperor, is commonly known as God. He is the god in charge of the three worlds of the universe. He lived in the sky forever, but sent immortals to observe the good and evil on earth. People in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province worship the Jade Emperor, or Jade Emperor, Jade Emperor God, Heaven Emperor and Jade Emperor, commonly known as God and Jade Emperor. The "Jade Emperor" lived in the Jade Well in the sky, hence the name "Jade Emperor". The son of heaven in the human world not only rules the people, but also is in charge of the gods of heaven and earth, and all the immortals and buddhas obey him, which can be described as the god among gods. Jade Emperor Taoism calls the highest god in the sky the Jade Emperor, just like the emperor on earth, who is in charge of 72 places for 36 days and all gods, buddhas, immortals, saints, people and the underworld. Also known as God of Heaven, God of Heaven, Jade Emperor, Jade Emperor, Jade Emperor and Jade Emperor God. According to The Jade Emperor Collection, the prince of the bright and wonderful kingdom gave up the throne, practiced the truth in Yanshan Middle School in Xiang, helped the country save the people, escaped billions of robberies, and finally became the jade emperor. It is said that the Jade Emperor is the Taoist' Yuan Shi Tian Zun' (short for Jade Qing Yuan Shi Tian Zun). The highest god worshipped by Taoism. ) In fact, this is a misnomer. The Jade Emperor is the God of the Three Realms who has been taught by the Buddha since the early Yuan Dynasty. The ancients believed that "heaven" was the master of all things in the universe and the source of growth and education of all things, so we must be disrespectful to heaven and fear life. Therefore, "Heaven" orders the son of heaven to be a political citizen on earth, and the son of heaven must conform to God's will, so that the weather will be good and the country and the people will be safe. Otherwise, the son of heaven violates heaven and punishes all disasters. Since the son of heaven rules the world under the command of heaven, he must worship heaven. Offering sacrifices to heaven regularly is not only the inevitable duty of the emperor, but also a national ceremony. The son of heaven is afraid of "heaven", and the common people and officials are naturally afraid of "heaven", but "heaven" is invisible and slim. How can people sacrifice to him? So I dedicate it to the Jade Emperor. Because the Jade Emperor didn't have an idol at first, he made a statue for him when he arrived in Song Zhenzong, and regarded his ancestors as the Jade Emperor. According to the folklore in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province, "Jade Emperor God" not only governs the Emperor, the immortals such as Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, but also governs the natural gods and personality gods-that is, the ancient so-called gods, earthly regions, people and ghosts are under their jurisdiction, and the gods are deified by all natural things in the sky, including the sun and the moon. Earth is the deification of all natural objects on the earth, including the gods of land, countryside, mountains, rivers and seas, five gods and the gods of all things. People and ghosts are deified after the death of historical figures, including Mr. Wang, Mr. Wang, Mr. Xian Zu, Mr. Wang and other literary figures. Besides, the jade emperor's palm is in charge of the gods of heaven, earth and man. For heaven and earth, the ups and downs of everything in the universe, good or bad, must be controlled. So there are political organizations like human beings. Therefore, it is generally believed that under the Jade Emperor, as far as the central administration is concerned, there are Wenchang Emperor, Qiao Shengxian, who is in charge of commerce, and Shennong Xiandi, who is in charge of agriculture. In terms of local administration, there are casters, landlords, landlords, Dongyue Emperor and Qingshan King. As far as justice is concerned, there are the emperor Edu and the king of ten halls. In a word, the Jade Emperor is the god among gods, so everyone regards the Jade Emperor as the supreme among gods. Yuan Shi Tian Zun is the highest god in Taoism and the spirit of all things in Yuan Shi Tian Zun, so it is also called "Yuan Shi Tian Zun". The position is above the Sanqing deity. But in the eyes of ordinary people, the Jade Emperor is the biggest god in China and the king of the gods. In The Journey to the West, the Jade Emperor is in charge of all gods, earthly regions, people and ghosts. He lives in the Que Palace in the sky, and the office yamen is a resplendent and magnificent Lingxiao Hall. His martial gods include King Tota, Prince Nachizi, Giant Spirit God, Four Heavenly Kings, Twenty-eight Nights, Nine Obsidian Stars, Five Brothers and Sisters, etc. His literary gods include Li Laojun, Taibai Venus, Wenquxing, Qiu Zhenren and Xu Zhen. He is also in charge of the Dragon King of the Four Seas, the gods of the Thunder Department, the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha and the Ten Temples Yan Jun, etc. The Jade Emperor originated from the worship of Heaven Emperor in ancient times. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, people called the Supreme God Emperor, or Heaven Emperor and God. This is a great god who dominates the gods of heaven, earth, culture and army. The rulers of the Zhou Dynasty and later generations used the worship of Emperor Tiandi to advocate "the divine right of monarch" and strongly claimed that they were the sons of Emperor Tiandi, so they were called "Emperor Tiandi". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taoism came into being, and the people also knew that he was the king of the three realms, in charge of the three realms, the ten squares, the four lives and the six roads. The Jade Emperor became the highest god worshipped by the whole people (mainly Han people). Taoism also circulated a classic of the Jade Emperor, which described the life "miracle" of the five emperors. It is said that he was originally the prince of Guangyan Miaoguo in the very distant era, but later he gave up the throne and learned to cultivate truth, save the country and educate people in the mountains. After 3,200 robberies, Jin Xian became the "pure natural love king Tathagata", and after the disaster, he became the Jade Emperor. Statues or portraits of the Jade Emperor usually wear nine robes and twelve rows of beads. Some hold jade pendants and wait on golden weddings, which are completely dressed by emperors of Qin and Han dynasties. Or the emperor of the world originally dressed himself according to the gods. Taoist priests can only use the noblest image in the world to shape the king of the gods, and the emperors on earth are also happy to see their own shadows in the body dominated by the immortal kingdom. Some good men and women in Minnan and Taiwan Province believe that the Jade Emperor is a master of manipulating human destiny, and even more firmly believe that he also has the power to grow, preserve and reward all things in the world. He is a very majestic god, so the Christmas sacrifice of the Jade Emperor God is a sacrifice of ordinary gods. Because the Jade Emperor is so lofty and great, people in China can't build a statue for him, but take it as a symbol of the "Heavenly Furnace". Believers who want to worship the Jade Emperor burn incense and worship the "Heavenly Palace Furnace" every day; Another said: The Jade Emperor is the "heavenly official" among the three officials, so he gave incense to the "Three Realms Furnace". Some rural people only erect a bamboo pole with fragrant roots in front of the courtyard to show that the Jade Emperor is invisible, and burn incense to worship every morning and evening. Sacrificial Ceremony Chinese people think that the ninth day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor, which is also called "Jade Emperor's Birthday", and Minnan and Taiwan Province provinces are commonly known as "born in heaven". It's a grand birthday ceremony held by the Japanese Taoist temple, chanting scriptures. On this day, every household will bow down to heaven and hold the most solemn ceremony. On this day, people are kind and don't offend gods. Many Taoist views celebrate to show gratitude to God, especially Fujian people pay more attention to God's birthday. In memory of their ancestors, they took refuge in the sugar cane garden during the Spring Festival and were out of danger. Therefore, future generations also use sugar cane to worship God on his birthday. Some also ask the mage to do something to pray to the gods in heaven to bless people. Worship god, from the early morning of the ninth day until dawn. On the eve of this day, the whole family must fast and bathe and hold worship in solemn awe. In front of the main hall, every household has a square table and an altar to prepare the magic lamp, five fruits (oranges, oranges, apples, bananas and sugar cane) and six fasting (golden needle, fungus, mushrooms, Chinese cabbage, peas, tofu, etc.). ) Put it on the table and make a tower. The ninth day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor, so is there no heaven and earth from the first day to the eighth day of the first lunar month? Legend has it that the kitchen gods of each family monitor the good and bad of each family. On the night of the 24th lunar month, God reported to the Jade Emperor that the Jade Emperor went to heaven with the gods on the 25th to decide the happiness or misfortune of the people in the coming year. So the people fasted, bathed and burned incense to worship him. Many people in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province, especially in rural areas, worship the Jade Emperor very much. The universal worship of the Jade Emperor reflects people's yearning for the unknown world and their dissatisfaction with reality, as well as their reverence for theocracy and their pursuit of immortality.