2. Reference answers and translation of classical Chinese in the new vision of senior high school entrance examination. Wei Yang wanted to change the law, and the Qin people were unhappy. Wei Yang said in "Qin Xiaogong": "The husband and the people can't start from worry, but can be happy. On the most virtuous people are not vulgar, and those who achieve great things are not different from the public. It is illegal because saints can strengthen the country. " Gan Long said, "Otherwise. Those who rule the country by law must take this as a mirror and the people should be safe. " Wei Yang said: "Ordinary people are content with the old customs, while scholars are addicted to what they hear. Therefore, it is possible for officials to obey the law, and it has nothing to do with the law. Wise men practice, fools control; The sage is more polite, and the unscrupulous are arrested. " Gong Dao: "Good." Take Wei Yang as the first, and make political reform. Why should people be responsible for each other and sit together? Those who accuse the traitors of cutting the enemy will be rewarded, and those who do not accuse the traitors of surrendering the enemy will be punished. Those who have made military achievements will be awarded corresponding honors. Those who fight for personal interests are punished according to their severity. Those who devote themselves wholeheartedly to their own careers and work hard will recover. Those who are lazy and poor think they will be rewarded. Imperial clan should have the theory of meritorious military service, not be a family member. In the Ming Dynasty, there were different ranks, and they were called Tian Zhai, male and female servants and clothes. Those who make meritorious deeds show honor, while those who fail are rich without wealth.
Wei Yang wanted to change the legal system, and the nobles of Qin were very unhappy. Wei Yang said to Qin Xiaogong, "People can't discuss with them about starting innovation, but they can celebrate the success of their career with them. People who pay attention to noble morality will not go along with those secular prejudices. People who achieve great things do not consult with the people. Therefore, if a wise man can govern the country and make the country rich and strong, he does not have to follow the old laws. " Gan Long said, "No, I've heard this saying:' A wise man does not change the old customs of the people to educate, and a wise man does not change the national laws to govern. Wei Yang said, "Mediocre people are old-fashioned, and people who read dead books are limited to what they hear. These two kinds of people can only be used to abide by the law in their official positions, and they cannot discuss legal reform with them outside the old law. The etiquette systems of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are different, but they all rule the world. The five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period have different legal systems, but they can dominate the weather one after another. Therefore, wise men can create statutes, and fools can only be bound by statutes. Talented people change the ritual system, while those without talent can only be bound by the ritual system. "Qin Xiaogong said," good. He ordered Wei Yang to be the norm and wrote a letter to change the law. It is ordered that every ten families of the people should be formed and every five families should be formed. Mutual supervision and reporting, one illegal, nine reports, not reporting, ten punished together. Those who do not report violations of law and discipline will be beheaded, and those who conceal violations of law and discipline will be punished as those who surrender to the enemy. Fighting for personal matters is punished according to the seriousness of the case. Those who are engaged in industry and commerce and are poor because of laziness will take all their wives and children as official slaves. If the royal family has no military service, it will not be awarded the title of belonging. It is said that every farmhouse has its own farmhouse, male and female servants and different grades of clothes. Those who have merit will be honored, and those who have no merit will not share the fruits even if they have wealth.
3. Translate Guan Ju's "Book of Songs Watching the Sea" in the classical Chinese for the senior high school entrance examination. Cao Cao drank alcohol, Tao Yuanming sent him off, Du set out for his post, stayed at Bo Fu Yin, stopped at the foot of Beibao Mountain, Wang Wan went to the frontier, and Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln. This was sent by Li Bai, and it was difficult to go. Li Bai, Wang Yue, Huaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling, and Chunwang Du Fu's Mao. Du Fu's Bai Xuege Farewell to Wu's Home, Zhang Yu and other 18 members of the Ministry of Water Resources won prizes in early spring. I met Liu Yuxi at the first banquet in Yangzhou, the day of the first banquet. Bai Juyi, Qiantang Lake, Spring Tour Bai Juyi, Yanmen Taishouxing Li He Chibi Du Mubo's Notes to Northern Friends in Qinhuai Rainy Night Li Shangyin, Untitled Li Shangyin, Yu Li, Fisherman Ao Fan Zhongyan, Huanxisha, Dengfeilaifeng, Wang Anshi, Jiangchengzi, Mizhou Hunting, Su Shi's Water Melody, Su Shi's Broken Fighters Xin Qiji, Ling, Wen Tianxiang Tian. Tongguan nostalgic Zhang Jihai's miscellaneous poems Gong Zizhen lived a long life, but Cao Cao returned to the countryside, Tao Yuanming's Mulan Ci, and the northern folk song Dongting Lake sent a message to Zhang Prime Minister Jingmen Ferry to bid farewell to Zhou Xie Tiao Tower. Farewell school Shu Li Bai, Yellow Crane Tower, broken mountain temple, and then Wang Zuojian moved to Languan to see his nephew Xiang Han, Yu Qiu Ci Liu Yuxi recalled Jiangnan Wen Tingyun, Huanxisha Yan Shu drunk flowers, Li Yin Qing Zhao Bie Yun Summer? The specific content of the Biography of Tao Yuanming by Mr. Zhao Yi and Mr. Wu Liu: Guan Ju's The Book of Songs is Guan Ju's The Dove, which is in Hezhou.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again. Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Pull shepherd's purse from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. The book of songs is green, and the Millennium is frost.
The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. Tracing back and forth, the road is blocked and long.
Swim back from it, in the middle of the water Sadly, the Millennium is still there.
The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Tracing back and forth from it, the road is blocked and broken.
Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. Jia Cai, peace and prosperity have not passed.
The so-called Iraqis are in the water. Go back and follow, the road is blocked and turn right.
Swim back from the inside and swim in the water. Look at the sea. Cao Cao looks at the sea in the east.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. There are many trees and lush grass.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire. Drinking Tao Yuanming to build a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
Farewell to the viceroy, and leave Bo, separated by the wall of Sanqin and the fog of five rivers. We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place. If you don't do anything wrong, the child will get wet with towels.
The next berth on Beibao Mountain, Wang Wan, and the next song on Castle Peak, I am boating with green water. Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. Finally, I can send my messenger, Wild Goose, back to Luoyang.
Wang Wei's bicycle is another country that has lived for a long time. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. Xiao Guan chose to wait for the bus, and they were all guarded by Ran Yan.
I heard that Wang Changling moved Longbiaoyao to send Li Bai, Huayang, Wanhualuo and Wendao Longdu to five streams. I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
It's hard to go. Li Bai also has the cost of pure wine. He changed a gold cup, a hip flask with 10 thousand coppers and Yupanzhen's feed with 10 thousand yuan. I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow. I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.
It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, there are many roads, where is Ann now? One day, I'll ride the wind and waves, and I'll hang Yun Fan to help the sea. The bright moon rises on the Zhang Jiuling Sea in Huaiyuan, Wang Yue, and the horizon is * * *.
People who love hate long nights and sleepless nights and miss their loved ones. Put out the candle to love this moonlit room, and I wander in the deep night dew in my clothes.
You can't have beautiful moonlight, just want to meet you in your dreams. The hope of spring Du Fu, though a leopard cannot change his spots, has a long history of mountains and rivers.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. The thatched cottage was broken by the autumn wind. Du Fu growled in August and autumn, and my three hairs rolled up.
Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bully me. I can stand being a thief.
I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I couldn't breathe. When I came back, I sighed on crutches. In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark.
The cloth has been cold and iron for many years, and the pride is cracked. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.
How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! A song of white snow sent Wu, secretary of the city field, home. The north wind roared, the white grass was demolished, and the heavy snow in August crossed the Tatar sky. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom.
Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The bow became stiff and almost impossible to pull out, and the metal of the armor condensed on people.
The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment.
In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow.
Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only hoofprint. In the early spring, Hanyu Tianjie, drizzling like crisp, is far from the Ministry of Water 18, but the grass color is far near. This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow.
Reward Lotte Yangzhou, first met Liu Yuxi's desolate land of Bashan and Chushui, and gave up on himself in 23 years. People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed.
See wheat cutting, Bai Juyi, Tian Jia, less leisure, twice as busy as people in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
The mother-in-law has plenty of food and clothing, and the children are full of paddles. Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun. I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is another poor woman with her son in her arms. Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad. My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry. There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day. Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests. Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the lack of eastward travel of the lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana. Li He, the satrap of Yanmen, has dark clouds pressing the city to extinction, and the light shines on the sun. The horn of autumn rang all over the sky, filled with steamed fertilizer and night purple.
The red flag is at half mast, and the frost is heavy and cold. I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
Du Mu of Chibi lost his halberd and sank his sand iron, but he never sold it, so he washed it and recognized the former dynasty. If Dongfeng doesn't cooperate with Zhou Lang, the spring of Bronze finches will be locked in two places.
4. ask; After-class translation of ancient Chinese in senior high school entrance examination, Zeren Net Goose: Meeting with regional Ze and White Goose.
Be sure to choose a good habitat at night, for fear of people swimming and wild geese patrolling. When people arrive, they will sing, and geese will borrow it.
Zeren is familiar with it, and the fire shines on it. The geese suddenly sang, and the Zeren suddenly sank. The geese all started up and regarded it as nothing.
If this happens again and again, geese will kill themselves with slaves and peck them to death. A few days later, before Zeren held the fire, the geese didn't dare to sing, and they all slept.
In Taihu Lake, (there are many) white geese gather. At night (they) must choose a place to live, lest humans shoot themselves with silk arrows and send geese on duty to patrol around.
Call when someone comes and tell the goose to close its eyes (sleep). People by the lake are familiar with their own affairs and light a fire.
When the goose on duty croaked, the people at the lake immediately lowered (and shielded) the fire. The goose was awakened. Look, there's nothing.
Like this three or four times. Goose thinks that the goose on duty deceives himself and pecks it.
Before long, the people by the lake walked forward with fire, and the geese on duty did not dare to bark. The goose just fell asleep, and there was nothing missing when it went to catch it.
5. Have you learned the translation methods and skills of classical Chinese in junior high school? The study of classical Chinese should be easy in terms of difficulty.
Usually examine the following aspects:
1. Can correctly understand the meaning of words in classical Chinese.
2. Be able to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.
3. Be able to understand and summarize the main contents of the article.
4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve the taste of appreciation.
Just recite the in-class part in a targeted way.
Extracurricular problem solving methods are as follows:
Four steps to solve the problem of reading classical Chinese after class
Reading classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination is bound to get extra-curricular language materials. What should I do if I have never read a paragraph or an article and have no reference books to look up? Many people feel helpless when answering such questions. Summarize the four steps to solve the problem for your reference only.
first step
Quickly browse the topic
The extracurricular reading questions of classical Chinese have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing the topics helps students to understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
Second step
Analyze the topic carefully
Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese. The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
Third step
Read the full text quickly with comments
When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these notes, but to read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students not to stop and think hard when they encounter obstacles in the process of reading the full text, but to continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Fourth step
Answer the question with "the right medicine"
There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:
(1) Word explanation questions. Most of these topics examine the phenomenon of polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese, which are basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation questions. Translated sentences should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: first, proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example, in the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was appointed to guard Baling County (place name). In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. Second, words that have no practical meaning in the sentence should be deleted. For example, "Chen Shengshen is from Yangcheng" and "this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... ) is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should make appropriate adjustments in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. Fourthly, if the translated sentence is ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example: "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (ellipsis)." They wrote the word "Chen" on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the accuracy of the first and second methods is generally higher.