1. Hakkas are a group in the Sino-Tibetan family of China. The language used is Hakka, so it is called Hakka ethnic group, and Hakka is English. In Modern Chinese Dictionary, Hakkas are described as a branch of the Han nationality who migrated from the Central Plains and Jiangnan to the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The language they used was the pronunciation used by the nobles in the Song Dynasty. Second, in fact, Sino-Tibetan language belongs to the Chinese family, and its linguistic name "Chinese family" is not only used by "Han nationality" in contemporary times. Ethnic minorities who use Chinese include Hui, She and Manchu. None of them have (hardly) their mother tongue. Thirdly, the word "Hakka" originated from the Han nationality living in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong, and was a special name for the Han nationality in the Song Dynasty. Min-speaking Han people in Jin Dynasty moved south, and the language was aristocratic language in Jin Dynasty. The Han nationality in Guangdong moved south in the Tang Dynasty, and its language is often called "Tang dialect". But in fact, Cantonese, Min dialect and Hakka dialect have already infiltrated each other, and there is no absolute. So when we talk about dialects, we should simply talk about their pronunciation. That is to say, Hakka songs, Cantonese, Tangyin and Minjin Yin. Fourth, it's a pity that since the late Qing Dynasty, some scholars thought that all the people who moved from the Central Plains to Fujian and Guangdong belonged to "Hakkas", so the theory of "Pan-Hakkas" came into being. Fifthly, the origin of "Hakka purebred" theory is because Guangfu ethnic group (Cantonese) slanders Hakka dialect group as "non-Chinese and non-Cantonese". In order to refute the denigration of Hakka people by Cantonese speakers, some scholars have created the theory of overcorrection. But it is still regarded as absolute truth by some Hakkas. In fact, Hakkas, Cantonese speakers and Min speakers have moved to South China and merged with each other, so it is difficult to distinguish you from me in blood. The persistence of some scholars cannot be praised as persistence, but should be criticized as stubbornness. 6. The word "Hakka" was originally called by Guangdong ethnic group to Song ethnic group. The Min-speaking ethnic group, except the Hakka ethnic group itself, is the first ethnic group to accept this word from Cantonese. As early as the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a record that "Guangzhou was called Huichao Jiaren Hakka". Today, "Hui Chaoshan is still regarded as the hinterland of Hakka", namely Huizhou, Chaoshan (the northern edge, including Tai Po, Fengshun and Jiexi) and Jiaying (now Meizhou and Xingning). 7. In addition to Huizhou, Chaozhou and Jiaxing, there are also cities such as Longyan in Fujian, Heyuan in Guangdong, Shaoguan, Ganzhou in Jiangxi and Ji 'an. Apart from Heyuan, there is no second prefecture-level city with pure Hakka dialect. Meizhou prefecture-level city is the basis of Hakka dialect, but Meizhou prefecture-level city is not a pure Hakka prefecture-level city. Eight, Hakka dialect is mainly divided into: Guangdong and Taiwan (including northern Guangdong and Tingnan), central Guangdong (including Heyuan and Huicheng), southern Jiangxi (including Ninglong and Yugui) and Tingbei (including Changting and Ninghua). The above dialects belong to Hakka dialect. But in fact, it seems that only people in Guangdong and Taiwan films and Tingbei films have Hakka identity. ~ ~ ~ Tingbei film is also called Minxi film, but actually the Hakka dialect in Tingnan belongs to Cantonese-Taiwanese film. Only the Hakka dialect in Changting county and its north belongs to Tingbei area. 9. Although some Hakkas in Guangdong Province (including Hong Kong) and Jiangxi Province (Gannan) do not know that they belong to the Hakka family. But the Hakkas in Sichuan, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces are very aware of their Hakka identity. The stereotype of Hakkas is in Meizhou, Guangdong. Anyone who moved from Meizhou (Jiaying and Tai Po in Qing Dynasty) has a strong sense of Hakka identity. X. Hakka area is the "base camp" at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. Located in the east of Wuling, almost all of them belong to mountainous areas, or semi-mountainous areas, or mountainous plains. Therefore, Wuling is also called "Lingqiao area". The nickname of Hakka area is Lingqiao area. Hakka is called "Hakka" and "Ba". Hakka, also known as Lingren or Bo people.