There are countless grapes planted. Generally, golden grapes are fair, with many varieties and good quality. The quality of grapes is also closely related to the yield. Generally speaking, the higher the yield per mu of grapes, the lower the effective components contained in grapes and the lower the quality of grapes, so the brewed wine is naturally tasteless and mediocre. However, it does not mean that the lower the rate of return, the better. Each variety has its own optimum yield and quality ratio, which should be considered together with many factors such as tree age, plant density, tree pruning and growth mode, location and so on. The average yield of grapes is the highest at the age of 7 ~ 40 years, and then gradually decreases. Although the yield of old trees is low, if they are well maintained and managed, they can also produce high-quality grapes. Australia's most famous ... ……0 fgrace wine is made from Shiraz grapes with an average age of over 100 years. ⅱ. Vineyard-the environment and climate in which grapes grow. As Emile Beenaert, a famous French wine professor, said, the characteristics and style of wine originated from vineyards. The same grape variety can show completely different styles in different producing areas, and the growing environment of grapes affects the quality and characteristics of grapes. Just as twins who grow up in different families and cultures will form completely different personalities and temperament, the same grape variety will have obvious differences in different growth environments, thus affecting the style and taste of the finished wine. The growing environment of grapes includes region and climate, soil composition, soil structure and drainage, and geographical environment (i.e. orientation, slope, wind, presence of obstacles, etc. ), all of which constitute the word terr0 _ f ~ that French people must mention when talking about wine quality. So to be exact, Terrolr is a comprehensive concept mentioned above, and there is no corresponding vocabulary in other languages that does not express its complete meaning. Although natural factors play an important role, people can also make reasonable adjustments and changes to the geographical environment with the help of science and technology, such as building artificial windbreaks to solve the problem of drought and water shortage. Soil quality and soil composition also need people to maintain and trim grapes, hedges, adjust the density of branches and leaves and other planting techniques, which directly affect the quality and maturity process. Therefore, the growth of grapes depends not only on the natural environment, but also on acquired factors. Generally speaking, wine grapes have strong adaptability to the environment and are relatively easy to grow. Most of the vineyards in the world are concentrated in the warm zone of about 30 ~ 50 degrees north latitude or 20 ~ 40 degrees south latitude, and the annual average temperature is about 10-20 degrees. Too hot and too cold places are not suitable for grape growth. Grape roots have a strong ability to grow deep, and the harsh soil environment makes grape roots have to extend as far as possible in order to absorb nutrients to the maximum extent, so that the grapes produced have strong flavor and local soil characteristics. Many famous vineyards in the world are often covered with pebbles or gravel, and it is impossible to imagine what crops can be grown. Fertile soil can only make grapes grow excessively, resulting in dense branches and leaves but no high-quality grapes. In the end, it concludes with a sentence from a winemaker in Burgundy, a famous French wine-producing area-"If our soil is not so barren, we can't be so rich" ("F0oursolvasnotop ∞ r, wewoulanotbesorlch! ) Ⅲ. Brewing technology With the development of modern science and technology, the way of brewing wine has changed greatly compared with the past, and it is still changing. It is hard for people living now to imagine the taste of wine brewed in the past without temperature control and filtration to prevent bacterial pollution. Of course, it must be better than many other drinks, so it can make wine spread to this day. Brewers play an extremely important role in the process of wine brewing. If the two factors mentioned above (grapes and vineyards) are congenital conditions, it is difficult or only limited for people to manipulate the first two factors, then this last point (winemaking technology) is not only related to technology, but also closely related to the taste and artistry of winemakers. At present, many brewing technologies have no fixed standards; For example, the contact time between juice and peel, the ratio of old and new oak barrels and so on. So what method can achieve the best effect has a lot to pay attention to. How to make wine depends largely on the experience and preferences of winemakers, just as you may not be able to make delicious wine according to the recipe. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that those excellent wines are rare treasures concocted by nature, technology and art. Wine can only be sold after fermentation, storage, blending, filtration, bottling and other processes, and the sold wine has to be transported for a long distance and stored in different periods. All these will have an impact on the quality of wine. Therefore, when drinking a bottle of good wine, you should be grateful, because it has successfully passed so many levels mentioned above.