1, paper open

If the layout selection is unreasonable, it will increase the rejection rate and reduce the effective utilization area of paper. Books with a lot of short lines, such as horizontal poems, use 32 folio, with more blanks for incision and binding, and more paper. If you use the long and narrow 36 format, you can save paper. If the format is too small, the number of folds and the loss of smooth edge material are also more. In order to facilitate printing, try not to use irregular folio as much as possible, which can reduce the printing cost.

2. Paper materials

Paper materials account for a large proportion in the cost of books, accounting for more than 40%. Therefore, the reasonable selection of paper materials is an important aspect to reduce the cost of books.

For ordinary books, such as compilation, study materials, literary reading materials, etc. 52g/m2 letterpress paper is enough for paperback, and 60g or 70g offset paper can be used for hardcover.

Songs and children's books can be made of monochrome 60g paper and color 80g offset paper.

Textbooks generally use 49 ~ 60g letterpress paper; 52g letterpress paper for paperback reference books, 40g Bible paper for hardcover, and 80 ~ 120g offset paper for general technical standards.

Pictures and photo albums usually use 80 ~ 120g offset paper or 100 ~ 128g coated paper; Offset paper or coated paper and its weight can be selected according to the fine printing degree and format of the album. Generally, 50 ~ 80g single-sided offset paper is used for New Year pictures and posters, 52 ~ 50g letterpress paper is used for comics, and 256g glass card is used for high-grade exquisite drawings.

Magazines generally use 52 ~ 80g paper, monochrome generally uses 60g writing paper or offset paper, and color generally uses 80g double-edition paper. Book covers, inserts and inserts: 100 ~ 150g paper for covers of less than 200 pages, and 120 ~ 180g paper for covers of more than 200 pages; Insert paper 80 ~150g; According to the thickness of the book, the insert is generally selected between 80 ~150 g.

The heavier the same kind of paper, the higher the price, the heavier the body paper and the thicker the spine. Sometimes it is necessary to adjust the weight and size of cover paper, which will produce a series of related relationships and often increase the cost of paper. Choose paper materials carefully, but don't cut corners. If ordinary paper is used to print fine screen, the layout will be blurred and all will be invalid, resulting in waste. For example, newsprint can be used for ordinary reading materials, but newsprint that is easy to weather cannot be used for books that need long-term preservation.

3. The number of pages of books

When assembling the version, try to avoid zero pages. Because a book has other parts, such as four letters, title page, preface, catalogue, copyright page and so on. And the paper used in each part may be different, so it is not difficult to make up the total number of pages of the same paper type into a multiple of 4.

4. Binding and layout design

The commonly used book binding forms are horse riding, paperback, sewing, binding and so on. Riding on a horse, sewing and binding can make the center spread smaller. If it is in the form of flat binding, the center will be larger, because the binding mouth of the flat binding book will occupy about 5 mm

When designing a manuscript, the font size, the density between lines, the width of surrounding blanks, the occupation of titles and blank lines, etc. , all related to the cost of books. For example, a book is an ordinary 32-page layout. The original design is the horizontal layout of No.5 word, with 26 words ×25 lines = 650 words on each side and 5/8 lines between lines. A 240,000-word manuscript needs 370 lines. If the arrangement is changed to 26 words× 27 lines = 702 words, with 1/2 lines between lines, only 342 lines are needed; The difference between the two specifications is 28. We can reduce the cost of books in all aspects, such as pages, paper, binding and so on. Of course, it does not mean that the denser the layout, the better. For children's books, the words should not be too small and the line spacing should not be too narrow. It refers to saving paper materials as much as possible to reduce the cost of books on the premise of adapting to the content of manuscripts and readers.

5, reasonably determine the cover size

When designing the cover, we should design it according to the size of the finished book, the thickness of the spine and the size of the throat. When designing the choke size, the choke can generally be made a little bigger, mostly above 30mm, so as not to waste paper and facilitate printing. However, some cover designers don't know the paper specifications, the number of sheets and the performance of the printing press. When designing the cover, they don't fix the size of the hinge at will according to the number of sheets. After plate making, it often fails to meet the requirements of paper specifications, resulting in waste. Now most book covers need to be covered with film after printing, which increases the cost of covering with film.

For example, a set of books is divided into two volumes, with a size of 32 volumes. The first and second volumes are about 600 pages each, printed with 52g paper, the spine is 22mm thick, the cover is offset printed, and the first and second volumes are printed with 20,000 copies each. After printing, the cover is covered with plastic film. Because the designer doesn't know the paper size, the necking is designed to be 65 mm For such a large necking, 787×1092116 paper is needed for printing. If the necking is designed to be 40mm according to the paper size, 787× 109265438+ can be used. The printing cost, paper and film pressing cost between the two are about 4000 yuan. Thus, designers should know the specifications and sizes of paper when designing the cover, and try to reduce the cost of books and avoid unnecessary economic losses when designing the cover. Some covers and front and rear ring linings are relatively simple in design, so only a few spot colors are printed, and the printing volume is not large. When making plates, you can make copper-zinc plates, and when printing, you can use a printing machine. Because plate-making printing is a single piece of printing, you can use flowers or cut the residual paper into small pieces for printing. This can improve the utilization rate of paper and reduce the cost of plate making and printing.

6, binding materials

When choosing the material of hardcover cover, we should control the use of leather, cotton, hemp, silk, wool and other fabrics, and try to use tough paper, lacquer paper or lacquer cloth instead. Except for special needs, real gold foil should be avoided as far as possible as a hot stamping material, and anodized and color film can be used instead to reduce the cost of books.

7. Printing method

For ordinary 32-page or 16-page monochrome and two-color books with a print run of more than 50,000 copies, rotary printing is generally arranged. Because of the high speed of the rotary machine, the printed pages have been folded, so the printing cost is lower than that of the flat paper printing machine. But for books with less than 50 thousand volumes; Lead row can be printed by large automatic, small automatic or eight-page machine; Laser phototypesetting can be printed by B-B double-sided adhesive printer, which is a printing machine for printing books and periodicals, and the printing fee is calculated according to the paper sheet; Or use 0 1 and 08 monochrome offset press for printing. This offset printing machine is a single-sided printing machine, and the printing cost is calculated in color order. But using B-B offset press is faster and cheaper than monochrome offset press. For albums with high printing quality, try to use two-color or four-color offset press for printing; Monochrome offset press should be used to print the front and rear ring linings of large-scale picture books, with good printing quality.

Printers should understand the performance of various printing machines and the calculation standard of wages, otherwise unreasonable printing technology with high cost may be adopted, which will reduce the quality of books and increase the cost.