Patients with nephrotic syndrome are often accompanied by gastrointestinal mucosal edema and ascites, which affects digestion and absorption. It is advisable to enter a digestible, light and semi-liquid diet. Urinary protein is lost in nephropathy, and the body is in a state of malnutrition in protein. Before the end of 1980s, high protein diet (1.2 ~1.5g/kg d) was advocated in an attempt to alleviate hypoproteinemia and a series of complications. However, animal experiments and observation of human kidney diseases have confirmed that although high-protein diet increases the synthesis of liver albumin, urinary protein excretion also increases, which does not help to correct hypoproteinemia, but makes glomerular capillaries highly perfused, high-pressure and high-filtered, and accelerates glomerular non-inflammatory sclerosis. Restricting protein intake can slow down the development of chronic renal function damage. Therefore, at present, we advocate a high-quality protein diet with a daily weight of 0.7 ~1.0g. ..
Almost all patients with this disease have hyperlipidemia, which limits the intake of animal fat and provides rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as fish oil) and vegetable oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sesame oil) in the diet. People with high edema should limit the intake of sodium salt, the daily intake of salt should be less than 3g, and trace elements should be supplemented appropriately.
Please pay attention to the following dietary principles:
(1) sodium intake: low-salt diet should be adopted when edema occurs, so as not to aggravate edema. Generally, the daily salt intake should not exceed 2g. Pickling food should be prohibited, and monosodium glutamate and alkali should be used less. When the edema subsides and the plasma protein is close to normal, the normal diet can be resumed.
(2) protein intake: In nephrotic syndrome, a large amount of plasma protein is excreted from urine, and human protein is reduced, so it is in a state of malnutrition in protein. Hypoalbuminemia reduces the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, which leads to persistent edema and decreased body resistance. Therefore, in the absence of renal failure, high-quality protein diet (1 ~ 1.5g/kg * d) should be given at the early and extreme stages. This is helpful to relieve hypoproteinemia and some complications caused by it.
However, high protein diet can increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, and make glomerular capillaries in a state of high pressure. A large amount of protein intake can also increase urinary protein and accelerate glomerular sclerosis. Therefore, for patients with chronic nonpolar nephrotic syndrome, a small amount of high-quality protein (0.7 ~ 1g/kg * d) should be taken, and for patients with chronic renal dysfunction, a low-protein diet (0.65g/kg*d) should be taken.
(3) Fat intake: Patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, which can cause arteriosclerosis, glomerular injury and sclerosis. Therefore, the intake of foods rich in cholesterol and fat such as animal viscera, fat meat and some seafood should be restricted.
(4) Supplementation of trace elements: Due to the increased permeability of glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to losing a lot of protein in urine, some trace elements and hormones combined with protein are also lost, resulting in the lack of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements in the human body, which should be supplemented appropriately. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits, miscellaneous grains and seafood rich in vitamins and trace elements to supplement.
Sanjiu Health Community also prepared two delicious healthy recipes for friends who are recovering from kidney disease. Share healthy food with your family during festivals and have a safe and healthy year.
(The following article is provided by Zhu Raozhou, a member of Sanjiu Health Community)
Two recipes for patients with kidney disease during the festival.
The reasonable diet of patients with nephropathy plays an important role in the rehabilitation of the disease. Patients with kidney disease should make everyone's plan according to the type and severity of the disease. In the recovery period of various kidney diseases, there is no need to deliberately restrict diet, just reduce the intake of protein and salt, and basically follow the general diet. As the saying goes: the disease is treated in three parts and raised in seven parts. Here, we especially teach two recipes for patients with renal disease in convalescence to delay their illness and improve their quality of life.
First, steamed egg soup with shrimp skin and radish.
Ingredients: one egg, one white radish, and appropriate amount of shrimp skin.
Seasoning: a little soy sauce and salt.
Method: Wash carrots and cut them into filaments; Remove impurities from shrimp skin. Beat an egg in a soup bowl, add a little soy sauce and salt, beat well with chopsticks, add about 200 grams of cold water (warm water is also acceptable), then add shredded white radish and a little shrimp skin and beat well. Steam in a cage for about eight minutes, then take it out and eat.
The characteristics of this dish are: easy to obtain materials and simple to make. It's a very affordable dish for Lao Bai. This dish is mainly made of eggs and rich in high-quality protein. This cooking method is easily absorbed by the human body. The white radish in the ingredients is one of the vegetables rich in vitamins and easily digested by the human body. The mineral content in shrimp skin is quite high. Comprehensive evaluation of the collocation and cooking method of this dish is very suitable for patients with kidney disease.
Cooking points: steamed egg soup, adding water is the key. It is advisable to use cold boiled water instead of cold water when adding water. This is because there is air in cold water. When the water is boiled, the air will be exhausted, and the custard will have a honeycomb. The steaming time should not be too long to ensure that the custard is exceptionally fresh and tender.
Second, melon, green vegetables and crucian carp soup
Raw materials: one carp (about 300g), wax gourd 100g, green vegetable 100g.
Seasoning: salt and ginger.
Methods: After the carp was washed, put a flower knife on each side of the back and cut it to the bone. Wax gourd slices; Cutting vegetables; Loosen the whole ginger with a knife. Wash the pot, add 500 grams of water to boil, add carp and a piece of beaten ginger, then boil, skim off the floating foam, add wax gourd, cover the pot and continue to burn on medium heat. Cook for about 10 minute, take out ginger slices, add salt, add vegetables and cook for two minutes, then take out the pot and put them in a big soup bowl.
Nutritional analysis of this dish: Carp said in Compendium of Materia Medica: Carp cooking has the effect of reducing dampness and diuresis. Wax gourd is sweet and light, and is mainly used for small abdominal distension, diuresis and swelling reduction. Green vegetables are rich in vitamins. So this dish is made of carp and winter melon soup with a little green vegetables, and it is also a good health dish for patients with kidney disease.
Cooking points: Carp must be deep enough to be cooked with a slicer. Cook slowly over medium heat, and don't add salt too early. It is best to cook until the fish soup is milky white. Don't cover the vegetables and stew them (to avoid turning yellow). Boil them for about two minutes, then take them out.