Wen Yiduo, formerly known as Wen Jiahua, was born in Xishui, Hubei Province in 1899. In 1912, he was admitted to Tsinghua University in Beijing, and went to study in the United States in July 1922. He received western art education in Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, University of Colorado and new york Art Institute. In September 1923, his first book of poetry, Red Candle, was published in China. After he returned to China in May 1925, he taught in Beijing, Nanjing, Wuhan and Qingdao. In 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, he resolutely moved to the south and taught at the National Temporary University (later changed to Southwest United University) jointly formed by Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University. He joined the China Democratic League in 1944 and became the Central Executive Committee of the NLD after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. On July 15th, 1946, he denounced the Kuomintang spy at the memorial meeting for Li Gongpu, and published the famous "The Last Speech". He was assassinated by the spy that afternoon at the age of 48. His main works are Red Candle, Still Water, Miscellaneous Poems of Tang Poetry, Interpretation of Li Sao, etc.
"Do you know that' Macau' is not my real name? I've been away from your baby for too long, mother! But what they took away was my body, and you still keep my inner soul. My biological mother, who has been dreaming for 3 years, please call my son by his birth name and call me' Macau'! Mother! I want to come back, mother! " On the eve of Macao's return to China in 1999, with the broadcast of TV documentary, this touching song spread like wildfire all over the country. Its lyricist is Wen Yiduo, a famous modern poet, scholar and famous democracy fighter.
On the night of the May 4th Movement, Yue Fei's calligraphy "Man Jiang Hong" was posted in front of the school dining hall, and became an active figure in the student movement in tsinghua campus.
Comparing seven ceded and leased places, such as Macau, Hongkong and Taiwan Province, to seven children who were taken away from their mothers, he wrote Song of Seven Children, which was widely sung when Macau returned to China in 1999.
In p>1912, at the age of 13, Wen Yiduo was admitted to Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States (the predecessor of Tsinghua University) with the first place in Hubei, where he spent 1 years as a student. In the meantime, he studied hard, joined various student groups and became an active figure. On the day of the May 4th Movement, Wen Yiduo was so passionate that he wrote Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" in calligraphy late at night and posted it in front of the dining room. This summer vacation, he made an exception and didn't go home. He wrote to his parents, saying, "The state nurtures students, and they are thousands of years old. Once something happens, the students don't contribute, who should they treat?" He participated in the publicity at school and attended the inaugural meeting of the National Student Union as a representative of Tsinghua.
in July, 1922, Wen Yiduo went to the United States to study, and successively entered the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, the University of Colorado and the new york Art Institute. When he specializes in fine arts, he likes drama and loves poetry. In September 1923, his first collection of poems, Red Candle, was published in China with the help of Guo Moruo, which established his position in the poetry circle. During his stay in the United States, Wen Yiduo's love for the motherland was aroused by the discrimination suffered by the people of weak countries. He said: "I want to praise the flowers of my motherland;" I want to praise my flowery motherland! " He compared seven ceded and leased places, such as Macau, Hongkong and Taiwan Province, to seven children who were taken away from their mothers, and wrote Song of Seven Children. More than 7 years later, when welcoming the return of Macao, "Song of Seven Sons Macao" was composed and widely sung.
in p>1925, Wen Yiduo returned to China and served as the provost of Beijing Art College. Later, he took part in the supplement of Beijing Morning News edited by Xu Zhimo and edited Poems. After the famous journalist Shao Piaoping was shot by a warlord, Wen Yiduo went south to Wuhan, and was appointed as the art chief of the General Political Department of the Northern Expedition Army at the invitation of Deng Yanda. He once painted a large mural against warlords and hung it in front of the Yellow Crane Tower.
In his early years, he believed in nationalism and was biased against * * * productism. During the Anti-Japanese War, I witnessed the corruption of the Kuomintang and the hardships of the people, so I went out of my study and shouted:
"Now there is only one way-revolution". When joining the NLD, he said that "he will definitely request to join the * * * production party in the future"; As a famous professor, he supports his family by engraving after class. When the Kunming police commander asked him to engrave the seal with a large sum of money, he scoffed.
After p>1927, Wen Yiduo was successively employed by Nanjing Central University, Wuhan University, Qingdao University, Tsinghua University, etc., and changed from a romantic poet to a conscientious scholar. His research fields ranged from the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties to The Songs of Chu and The Book of Songs, from Zhuangzi to The Book of Changes, and also included ancient philology, phonology and folklore, which made Guo Moruo lament. In addition, he has profound attainments in fine arts, drama, calligraphy, seal cutting, etc. His seal cutting is regarded as a fine product by his profound aesthetic cultivation and excellent knowledge of ancient Chinese characters. After the anti-Japanese war guns sounded at Lugouqiao, Wen Yiduo despised the literati Zhou Zuoren and others for staying in the city and being ruled by the enemy, and did not hesitate to give up the treasures for many years, because conquered people went south alone in the war.
When studying in Tsinghua, Wen Yiduo believed in nationalism, and thought that anarchism and * * * productism only destroyed and did not build. He has participated in several conferences held by nationalists in Peking University, and almost every time there is a fierce conflict with the * * * producers. During the Anti-Japanese War, he went out of his study and went deep into the society, and his thoughts changed. During the great transfer from Beijing to Kunming, he participated in a walking group that lasted more than two months and spanned more than 3, miles in Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, and deeply understood the suffering of the lower classes and the corruption of the Kuomintang regime. In the spring of 1943, Chiang Kai-shek published The Destiny of China to promote new absolutism, which Wen Yiduo thought was "openly challenging the May 4th Movement, and I can't stand it anyway". Soon, he read the poems of Tian Tian, a poet in the liberated area, and was deeply shocked by his fighting spirit. He immediately published the article "Drummer of the Times-Reading Poems in the Field", which caused a shock in the rear area. By reading all kinds of progressive books, he learned in detail about the various situations of the * * * production party and shouted from the heart: "Now there is only one way-revolution"! Under the introduction of Wu Han, a professor of progress, and Hua Gang, the head of the underground party in China, Wen Yiduo participated in the Southwest Cultural Research Association of the underground party organization, and secretly joined the NLD in the summer of 1944, saying that he would definitely request to join the * * * production party in the future.
In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, prices soared and corruption prevailed in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. Most professors without "extra money" could hardly support their families on their salaries. Wen Yiduo is a famous teacher in The National SouthWest Associated University. Besides going to class, he has to wear a patched gown, so he has to mark a price and carve a seal to maintain his family's life. Kunming garrison commander admired his reputation and sent someone to find him to engrave and said that he could pay a lot of money. Wen Yiduo sneered at the Kuomintang military police out of contempt, regardless of the possible danger of offending this person.
Angry at Li Gongpu's memorial service, he made a famous speech in the face of the threat of the secret agents in the audience, and firmly stated that "the front foot stepped out of the gate, and the back foot was not prepared to step into the gate again". A few hours later, he was killed by a spy on his way home; Mao Zedong once said, "We should write an ode to Wen Yiduo". Now Wen Ting stands in tsinghua campus, with a statue of him smoking a pipe in front of him.
After Japan surrendered, Wen Yiduo took an active part in various gatherings and wrote essays and declarations full of fighting spirit. The spy students were so hostile to him that they posted threatening leaflets in The National SouthWest Associated University, known as the "fortress of democracy", and deliberately changed its name to "Wen Yiduo" similar to that of Russians. On December 1st, 1945, students of Kunming University held a lecture party on current affairs against the civil war in The National SouthWest Associated University. The Kuomintang authorities unexpectedly dispatched an "officer corps" composed of special agents to rush into the campus and throw grenades, thus creating a "December 1st" tragedy that shocked China and foreign countries. Wen Yiduo was so indignant that he went to the Martyrs' Memorial Hall to pay homage, and wrote the elegiac couplet "people fear not death, Why Fear with Death", and walked at the forefront of the procession in the funeral procession for the four martyrs.
In the summer of p>1946, The National SouthWest Associated University was dissolved, and Wen Yiduo wanted to go back to Tsinghua with his teachers and students, but he was stranded because of the relocation expenses of his family. At this time, the Kuomintang authorities thought that the democratic forces in Kunming were weakened and became arrogant. On the night of July 11th, they assassinated Li Gongpu, a member of the NLD Central Committee, with silent pistol. At that time, some famous scholars ran to foreign consulates for asylum, and it was widely rumored in the city that Wen Yiduo was next on the blacklist, and the underground party informed him to temporarily hide. Wen Yiduo turned his back on life and death and resolutely attended the memorial service for Li Gongpu held in Yunnan University on the afternoon of 15th. He was not scheduled to speak at the meeting. When Li Furen introduced her husband's murder, he broke down in tears, but the spies who mixed into the venue shouted for trouble. Wen Yiduo couldn't bear it. He delivered a famous final speech in his life to thousands of teachers, students and arrogant spies in the venue, announcing that he "stepped out of the gate with his front foot and was not prepared to step into the gate with his back foot". After the meeting, he rushed to Democratic Weekly to attend a press conference. On his way back to Xicangpo dormitory at five o'clock, he was killed by submachine gun fire in a military jeep. His eldest son Wen Lihe was seriously injured to protect his father, and the murderer drove away. This "Li Wen tragedy" shocked China and foreign countries. In Nanking, Zhou Enlai angrily condemned: The Kuomintang attacked the * * * production party, and both sides could fight with weapons; He did this to an unarmed scholar like Li and Wen, and he also wanted to adopt a cowardly assassination method. In the face of the national condemnation wave, the military junta came forward to falsely claim that its members heard Wen Yiduo's "insulting the leader" and shot without authorization because of "indignation" instead of commanding the summit.
In August, 1949, Mao Zedong praised Wen Yiduo's spirit of "getting angry and angry at the Kuomintang's pistol" in his article Farewell to Si Tuleideng, and proposed: "We should write praises to Wen Yiduo and Zhu Ziqing, because they show the heroism of our nation". Later, in the comment on writing written by Mao Zedong after reading the Twenty-four History, he praised Wen Yiduo for "dying for his life!" Decades later, the Wenting Pavilion and the Ziqing Pavilion have been erected in tsinghua campus. In front of Wenting stands a statue of Wen Yiduo with a thin figure, round glasses and a pipe. His famous saying is engraved on the stone tablet: "The poet's main talent is love. Love his motherland and love his people. "
"If you listen to Taoism in the morning, you will die in the evening". From the May 4th movement, the wild poet finally became a supporter of the * * * production party, and Wen Yiduo completed the sublimation of his life.
Wen Yiduo's life is full of changes. He was once a poet who was famous for his Red Candle and Dead Water. Then he changed from an emotional poet to a calm scholar; Finally, he walked out of his study and died bravely for democracy and freedom. This seems to be full of contradictions, but in fact it is consistent, that is, whether it is a poet, a scholar or a soldier, Wen Yiduo is always searching for the way to save the country.
Wen Yiduo has been influenced by national culture since he was a teenager, and the great contrast he saw after going to the United States has further enhanced his patriotic feelings. As he said, "I love China because she is my motherland, and Ewing is a country with that lovely culture." He wanted to find a prescription for treating ethnic diseases from the historical and cultural origins, and finally embarked on social activities after searching for ineffectiveness in his study. Wen Yiduo believed in anti-* * nationalism in his early years, but through long-term personal experience and constant search for truth, he finally corrected his understanding and turned to support the principles and policies of the * * * production party in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War. "If you hear the Tao, you will die in the evening." He thought that the story of struggling for the cause of democracy at the expense of his life was the highest sublimation.