Thyroid hormone is an indispensable hormone in human body, which plays an important role in the metabolism of sugar, fat, protein, water electrolyte and vitamins, and is necessary to maintain cell life. Once the thyroid gland is ill, it will cause insufficient production or excessive secretion of thyroid hormones, causing various metabolic disorders in the body. Hyperthyroidism, referred to as hyperthyroidism for short, is a group of endocrine diseases caused by the increase of endocrine hormones or thyroxine in blood circulation.
Hypothyroidism is a systemic endocrine disease caused by insufficient synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones or biological effects.
Nutrition principle: 1, the daily calorie supply of hyperthyroidism patients with high calorie, high protein and high vitamins is 50% ~ 70% higher than that of normal people, and it is suggested that the daily calorie supply should be 3000~3500kcal. According to the eating habits, in addition to ensuring three meals a day, snacks should be added 2 ~ 3 times.
Physiological dose of thyroxine stimulates protein synthesis, and too much thyroxine can accelerate protein decomposition and cause negative nitrogen balance. Therefore, it is necessary to increase protein's supply, which is per kilogram 1.5g per day. Attention should be paid to the supply of vitamins, and rich multivitamins should be supplemented.
Foods rich in vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C should be selected. Vitamin D is the main vitamin to ensure the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and the supply should be guaranteed.
2. Appropriate supplementation of calcium, phosphorus and potassium can prevent osteoporosis and pathological fractures. Especially for elderly patients who can't control their symptoms for a long time, calcium and phosphorus should be supplemented appropriately. When combined with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, foods rich in potassium should be selected.
3, avoid iodine iodine is the raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormone, iodine can induce hyperthyroidism, and iodine should be avoided in the treatment stage or at the end of hyperthyroidism treatment.
4. When zinc and magnesium are supplemented to hyperthyroidism, trace elements such as barium, magnesium, manganese, zinc and antimony in blood decrease obviously. When hyperthyroidism is accompanied by hypokalemic periodic paralysis, magnesium is obviously reduced, which is the cause of persistent hypokalemia. In hyperthyroidism, intestinal peristalsis increases, zinc absorption decreases, and zinc in sweat is lost, resulting in low zinc, which is related to hyperthyroidism alopecia and can cause prolonged menstrual cycle and even amenorrhea. Low manganese can cause ovarian dysfunction, decreased libido and abnormal glucose tolerance.
Hypothyroidism 1, appropriate iodine supplementation. Most of the iodine in human body comes from food and salt, and rarely from water and air. The daily intake is about 300 ~ 500 ug. The daily average safe amount of iodine for normal adults is 150ug, and for adolescents, it is 200-400 ug for pregnant women.
2, avoid eating or eating less goiter-causing substances Some vegetables and drugs have the effect of goiter substances. Patients with temporary hypothyroidism caused by its influence on thyroid hormone synthesis can recover their thyroid function by themselves after stopping eating goiter-causing substances.
3. When protein's hypothyroidism is supplemented, due to the slow renewal of intestinal mucosa, the secretion glands of digestive juice are affected, the enzyme activity is decreased, and albumin is also decreased, so it should be supplemented in time to improve the condition.
4. Although the synthesis of plasma cholesterol is not fast during hypothyroidism, it is discharged slowly, so the intake of fat should be limited, and the diet with high cholesterol should also be limited.
5. Insufficient iron supplementation and folic acid thyroxine can affect the synthesis of erythropoietin, leading to the decline of hematopoietic function of bone marrow and iron absorption disorder, which is also related to the deficiency of gastric acid factor, vitamin B 12 and folic acid.
Patients with hypothyroidism are often accompanied by anemia. Therefore, iron-rich foods should be supplemented, vitamin B 12 should be supplemented, and folic acid and liver preparations should be given if necessary.
Food suitable for hyperthyroidism
1. Selection of staple food and beans: japonica rice, wheat, euryales, oats, buckwheat, sorghum, beans and their products.
2, the choice of meat and egg milk pork, beef, goose, rabbit, rabbit, duck, eel, carp, crucian carp, herring, abalone, loach, Wuchang fish, bass, turtle, snail, milk, mussels, eggs and so on.
3. Selection of vegetables: radish, tomato, celery, cabbage, cabbage, rape, eggplant, bitter gourd, onion, shepherd's purse, pumpkin, watermelon, wax gourd, cucumber, towel gourd, yam, lotus root, mustard, asparagus, bamboo shoots, day lily, auricularia auricula, mushrooms and so on.
4. Choice of fruits: olive, mulberry, pomegranate, seabuckthorn, papaya, hawthorn, apple, jujube and ebony.
5. Other peanuts, lilies, medlar, etc. ; 1 is reduced, and the staple foods are beans, japonica rice, indica rice, wheat, buckwheat, corn, beans and their products. 2, the choice of meat and egg milk beef, mutton, dog meat, marine fish, turtle, milk, eggs and so on. The choice of vegetables is radish, leek, celery, Chinese cabbage, spinach, rape, tomato, mushroom, garlic and so on. 4, the choice of fruit bananas, hawthorn, kiwi, walnuts, oranges, apples and so on.
Dietary taboo hyperthyroidism
1, Use foods containing too much iodine with caution. Hyperthyroidism is not caused by iodine deficiency, and the dosage of iodine should be used accurately according to the doctor's advice. Otherwise, the diet contains a large amount of iodine, such as kelp, seaweed, kelp and so on. It will affect doctors' judgment and analysis of diseases and interfere with clinical treatment.
2. Hyperthyroidism patients mostly belong to yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome. The following foods should be avoided, such as spicy foods, such as peppers, leeks, raw onions, ginger, raw garlic, etc. And hot and aphrodisiac foods, such as cinnamon, ginger, mutton, dog meat, venison, sparrows, sea shrimps, seahorses and sea cucumbers. Avoid frying, frying, burning and baking food, so as not to help heat the yang and turn dryness into yin. Avoid eating too much greasy and thick flavor, so as not to help wet phlegm turn into heat.
3, smoking, drinking, alcohol and tobacco are all hot and dry things, which hurt yin for a long time and are hot and dry. It often aggravates the illness and interferes with treatment. Hypothyroidism 1, hypothyroidism, TCM syndrome differentiation takes yang deficiency as the main aspect, which leads to internal cold. Therefore, the diet should focus on warming yang and tonifying deficiency foods, and avoid eating too much cold, such as ice cream, popsicles, ice water and iced food. 2, hypothyroidism, often accompanied by elevated serum cholesterol, should properly adjust the intake of lipid substances. Breakfast for hyperthyroidism: rice, flour and sugar, such as rice porridge, bread, cake and sugar; Lunch: lean meat, celery, dried bean curd, bean sprouts and rice, such as fried celery with dried bean curd, shredded bean sprouts soup and rice; Extra meals: apples; Dinner: pork, soybeans and cabbage, such as pork fried soybeans, fried cabbage and rice; Extra meal: oranges. Breakfast: milk and flour, such as skim milk, bread and pickles; Lunch: lean meat, dried tofu, kelp and japonica rice, such as fried tofu with sliced meat, seaweed soup with shredded pork and rice; Dinner: eggs, tomatoes, celery and rice, such as scrambled eggs with tomatoes and fried rice with celery; Extra meal: apples.