It is well documented that China script, Chinese characters, came into being in the late Shang Dynasty, about14th century BC, when a preliminary stereotyped script, namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions, was formed. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is both a hieroglyph and a phonography. Until now, there are still some pictographs in Chinese characters, which are very vivid. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters developed into Da Zhuan. The development of seal script has produced two characteristics: first, the lines with uneven thickness in the early days became even and soft, and the lines they drew with utensils were very concise and vivid; Second, standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually deviates from the original shape of the picture, laying the foundation for the square characters.

History of Chinese characters II

Later, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, simplified Da Zhuan and changed it to Xiao Zhuan. Small seal script not only simplifies the shape of big seal script, but also achieves the perfection of lineation and standardization, almost completely divorced from pictures and characters, and has become a neat, harmonious and very beautiful square font which is basically rectangular. However, Xiao Zhuan also has its own fundamental shortcoming, that is, its lines are very inconvenient to write with a pen, so almost at the same time, a kind of official script with flat sides was produced. By the Han Dynasty, the official script had developed to a mature stage, and the readability and writing speed of Chinese characters had been greatly improved. After Li Shu, it evolved into Cao Zhang, and now it is grass. In the Tang dynasty, there was Weeds, which expressed the writer's thoughts and feelings with a pen. Subsequently, regular script (also known as original script), a combination of official script and cursive script, became popular in the Tang Dynasty. The print we use today evolved from regular script. Between regular script and cursive script is a running script, which is fluent in writing and flexible in using a pen. It is said that it was invented by Liu Desheng in Han Dynasty, and it is still the font used in our daily writing today.

History of Chinese characters 3

In the Song Dynasty, with the development of printing, block printing was widely used, and Chinese characters were further improved and developed, resulting in a new type of calligraphy-Songti printing font. After the invention of printing, the carving knife used for lettering had a far-reaching influence on the glyph of Chinese characters, resulting in a kind of printing font with fine horizontal and thick vertical, which is eye-catching and easy to read, and later called Song Style. There are two kinds of fonts for the moment: fat imitation face, Liu style, thin imitation European style and dangerous style. Among them, the strokes of Yan and Liu are towering, with some characteristics of horizontal, thin and vertical. In the Ming Dynasty, between Qin Long and Wanli, it changed from Song style to Ming style, with fine strokes and square fonts. It turned out that at that time, a kind of Hongwu style with thin horizontal and thick vertical was popular among the people, and this font was used for the title cards of official posts, lanterns, notices, private stones, ancestral halls and other gods. Later, some book carvers created a non-face and non-European skin silhouette in the process of imitating Hongwu's style. Especially because the strokes of this font are horizontal and vertical, it is really easy to engrave. It is different from seal script, official script, original script and cursive script, unique, fresh and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, it has been widely used since16th century and has become a very popular main printing font. It's also called Song Style, and it's also called lead font.

History of Chinese characters 4

In Chinese characters, all kinds of fonts formed in different historical periods have their own distinctive artistic characteristics. For example, seal script is simple and elegant, official script is static and dynamic, rich in decoration, fast in cursive script, compact in structure, neat and beautiful in regular script, easy to read and write, practical, diverse in style and different in personality.

The evolution of Chinese characters is from pictographic pictures to linear symbols, strokes adapted to brush writing and printed fonts convenient for carving. Its evolution provides rich inspiration for China's font design. In character design, if we can give full play to the characteristics and elegant demeanor of various fonts of Chinese characters, we will certainly be able to design exquisite works with ingenious application and unique conception.

Encyclopedia of Chinese Characters 1

Word-making principle: Liu Shu is the basic principle of combining Chinese characters. Zhou Li mentioned Liu Shu, but did not specify the specific content. Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty expounded the structural principles of the Chinese character "Liu Shu" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: pictographic, ideographic, comprehensible, pictophonetic, phonological, transliteration and borrowing.

Pictographic characters: This method of creating characters is described according to the appearance characteristics of an object, so it is also true to draw it as its object. Such as the sun, the moon, the mountains and the water, originally depicted the patterns of the sun, the moon, the mountains and the water, and then gradually evolved into the present shape. Refers to things: this refers to the expression of abstract things, and so does the so-called "each refers to its thing". If you write "up" on it, people will write "down" on it.

Encyclopedia of Chinese Characters II

Shape and sound: this is a unique sound expressed by a specific shape (root) in the text. For example: Hu, the word can also be a root, combined with different attribute roots, can be synthesized into: butterfly, butterfly, lake, gourd, Hu, gas and so on. And use the same pronunciation to express different things (some only have initials). However, due to the phonetic changes of ancient and modern languages, many similar ancient pictophonetic characters have no common phonemes in today's Mandarin.

Understanding: This method of word formation is to combine two radicals and derive new meanings. For example, when the sun and the moon merge into one, the sun and moonlight become "bright". The word "people" and "words" together is the word "faith", which means what people said before; There is a letter that this man abides by what he says.

Encyclopedia of China 3

Note turn: this is used to annotate two words, which are synonymous but have different shapes. Xu Shen explained in Hanshu: "Building a class, agreeing to accept each other, and taking the test as usual." , how do you say this? In ancient times, the word "test" could be used to mean "longevity", and "old" and "test" had the same meaning, that is, the so-called old people took the test and the candidates were old. Is The Book of Songs elegant? Bai Pu also said, "Zhou Wangshou test. "There are also some immortal ancients in Su Shi's poem Qu Yuan Tower. Why do you want to compare them? In a word. Among them, "Kao" means "Lao", and it is particularly noteworthy that later generations of philologists have also made a lot of explanations on the aforementioned definition of Xu Shen. Among them, there are three types, namely, shape shift theory, sound shift theory and meaning shift theory. But some people think that these three statements are not comprehensive enough. Jelly Lin, a contemporary archaeologist, also explained that "Zhuan Zhu" is a form (root) to record two words with completely different pronunciations and meanings. Such as "broom and woman" and "mother and daughter" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Chinese character change 1

Oracle bone inscriptions were discovered in 1899 (the 25th year of Guangxu). It is an ancient writing carved on tortoise bones, animal bones and human bones in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, which recorded divination, sacrifice and other activities. Strictly speaking, it can only be called calligraphy in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions has possessed the three basic elements of China's calligraphy: writing with a pen, writing with Chinese characters, and composition. However, not all previous picture symbols have these three elements. The picture shows the work "Zhu Niu Bone Sacrifice and Hunting Inscription" in Wuding period of Shang Dynasty, with bold style, scattered font size, vivid, diverse and natural. It is worthy of being a masterpiece in oracle calligraphy.

Chinese character variant 2

The inscription of Dayu Ding in the Western Zhou Dynasty is a famous bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with an inscription on the inner wall, which is as long as 29 1 word, and it is rare in the bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Its contents are as follows: warn Yu that Yin died of alcoholism, and the Zhou Dynasty prospered by abstaining from drinking. Yu must try his best to help him and respect the moral policies of King Wen and Wang. His calligraphy style is rigorous, the shape and layout are simple, and Fiona Fang has both skills of using a pen, which has a rigorous and dignified artistic effect. It is a masterpiece of bronze calligraphy in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.

Chinese character change 3

Mao inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty is one of the most famous bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was written in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The inner wall has a 498-word inscription. Its content is that the king of Zhou is the Zhou government of ZTE. In order to get rid of the long-standing abuses, he ordered Mao Gongzhong, an important official, to help him avoid the disaster of national subjugation and gave him a lot of property. Mao Gong thanked Zhou Wang and made a tripod to commemorate him. His calligraphy is a mature style of bronze inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty, with well-balanced and accurate structure, vigorous and steady lines, proper layout and full of rational colors, which shows that bronze inscription has developed to an extremely mature position.

Chinese character variant 4

Shisanpan in the Western Zhou Dynasty is a bronze ware in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Its inscription structure is quaint and its lines are round and concise. Because of its horizontal position and low center of gravity, it is relatively simple and heavy. It has a strong sense of "casting" and shows a strong "golden taste", so it occupies an important position in the system of stele study. Hu Xiaoshi, a famous modern calligrapher, commented: "The seal script was well prepared in the Zhou Dynasty. Its enlarged version is Mao, ... and the characters are combined with the vertical trend, but the only one that is still horizontal is Pan.

The development history of Chinese characters 1

It is well documented that China script, Chinese characters, came into being in the late Shang Dynasty, about14th century BC, when a preliminary stereotyped script, namely Oracle Bone Inscriptions, was formed. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is both a hieroglyph and a phonography. Until now, there are still some pictographs in Chinese characters, which are very vivid.

History of Chinese characters II

hieroglyph

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters developed into Da Zhuan. The development of seal script has produced two characteristics: first, the lines with uneven thickness in the early days became even and soft, and the lines they drew with utensils were very concise and vivid; Second, standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually deviates from the original shape of the picture, laying the foundation for the square characters.

History of Chinese characters 3

Later, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, simplified Da Zhuan and changed it to Xiao Zhuan. Small seal script not only simplifies the shape of big seal script, but also achieves the perfection of lineation and standardization, almost completely divorced from pictures and characters, and has become a neat, harmonious and very beautiful square font which is basically rectangular. However, Xiao Zhuan also has its own fundamental shortcoming, that is, its lines are very inconvenient to write with a pen, so almost at the same time, a kind of official script with flat sides was produced.

a two-part allegorical saying

● Air bag-pretend to be crazy and sell silly. (install wind).

●. Song Jiang's strategist-useless. (Wu Yong).

● The old woman went to the henhouse-idiot. (running eggs).

Low straw hat throw pole-be careful. (leaving the rope).

Brother is not at home-come on. (sister-in-law).

My nephew plays with lanterns as usual. (According to uncle).

●. The rain hits Huangmei's head-unlucky. (pour plums).

● Half a grain of cotton-no way. (bullet-free)

●. Bald man with an umbrella-lawless. (no hair can't).

● Shorty transition-peace of mind. (Pan Xin).

● Horse shops buy pigs-that's not true. There is no such city.

●/kloc-weather in 0/2 months-hands and feet. Frozen hands and feet.

A father kowtows to his son-hang it all. There is no such gift.

● Public toilets are still being stoned-causing public outrage. (causing male feces).

Wear a fur coat backwards-pretend. Pretending to be a sheep.

● Confucius moved-completely lost. All the books.

●. Pregnant women walk on a wooden bridge-despair. (The risk is quite high).

●. Grandma's dead son-hopeless. (No uncle).

The husband slapped a face. (wife is cold).

● Scholar's towel-guaranteed to lose. (Bao Shu).

The tortoise climbed the threshold-but look at this. But look at this page.

● It's not surprising that the needle is still picking towels. (Not enough for a flag).

● Slash the bamboo with a blunt knife-hard. (it won't ring).

How dare you tie a chicken feather to a telephone pole? What a big duster.

Knock melon seeds and bug-everyone has it. There are all kinds of benevolence.

Light grass and drums-I don't want to. (Silence).

Rush's crutch-you can't be the master. I can't do it.

Low salt shop chat-nothing to do. It's too salty to cook.

Zhang Tianshi doesn't need to cross the sea by boat-it has its own laws. (have their own methods).

● Blow the horn through the window-it has a good reputation. (singing outside).

●. The Dragon King moved-fierce. (out of the sea)

Laojiu's brother.-Really? (old ten).

* Buried in an empty coffin-supercilious. There is no one in the Woods.

Low. The tortoise in the solution-the rule. (turtle lifts).

Wear gloves in June-conservative. (hand protection).

Raw peanuts-you must make noise. I'm going to explode.

The shoemaker doesn't have an awl-that's good. (needle and thread)

It is just right for any girl to marry Zheng Jia. (Zheng Heshi).

The monk's home-the temple. (wonderful).

Wash Huang Lian by the river-why bother? The river is bitter.

● Blind people wear glasses-pseudo-intelligence. (pretending to be clear).

● Dreams become butterflies-daydreams. (Want to fly).

● Monkeys learn to walk-pretend. (fake orangutan).

●. Hardcover Maotai-very old. (Good wine)

●. Spider trawl-selfish. (from silk).

●. The blind take the blind-busy. (blind and blind).

Long live the leaves with nosebleeds. I am red.

●. What should come is coming-get to the bottom of it. (tattoo to the end).

● Walking in the watermelon field. (the circle where the left and right sides intersect).

Take off your old shoes and put on new ones-turn over a new leaf. (changing shoes).

● Sacks and straw bags-each generation is worse than the next. One bag is not as good as one.

The beans at the bottom of the bowl-lifelike. (the grain enters the eye).

● Selling cloth without feet-bad intentions. (deliberate accident).

Low poor carpenter entrepreneurship-only one sentence. There is only a saw.

● Brick kiln fire-rumor. (kiln smoke).

There is no oil in the lamp-wasting your heart. (Waste of energy).

Zhong Kui married his sister-fooling around. Ghost marriage.

● The dung boat crossed the river-playing dead. (loading shit).

Low. Stick to Huang Lian —— Suffering year after year. (sticky)

● Open a drawer in the drugstore-for fun. (looking for pills)

Frogs dive well-I don't understand. (poop-poop).

● Riding a horse in an opera-no way. (on foot)

● Stir-fry pickles without soy sauce-as scheduled. Salt comes first.

● Eating jiaozi without stuffing-naughty. (pick the skin).

● From Henan to Hunan-more difficult. (South Canada).

● Carry a lantern and move a stone-do it. (copy).

● The earth temple was washed away by the flood-be careful. (Liu Shen).

● The whip in the cultivated land-bragging. (urging cattle).

●. The backbone of children-the generation of small people. The back of the villain.

● Aviation somersault-from wrong to right. (inverted flight test).

●. The mouse falls into the water tank-fashionable. (wet hair).

The old monk lives in a cave-he has nothing. (No temple).

● The freighter goes out to sea-a layman. (Foreign Airlines).

● Burning flagpole-sigh. (long charcoal).

●. Weasel in the henhouse-speculation. (stealing chickens).

● Soak the stone in the sauce jar-it's a long story. One salt is hard to get in.

● There are reasons for setting off firecrackers in the well. (with a round sound).

● It is not easy for an old hen to hold an empty nest. (No eggs).

● Eat ginseng on your ass-spare. (added).

●. The mother of Pi Di-too thick-skinned. (Empress Dowager Pi).

● Millennium stone Buddha statue-honest man. (Old Stone Man).

●. Lead the sheep into the photo studio-make a fool of yourself. (Make a sheep face)

● Growing vegetables on the wall-no chance. There is no garden.

● Talking to fans-. (rumor)

Low. Twelve taels of silver-for sure. (one ingot).

● Sleep in the toilet-not far from death. It's not far from shit

●. Tang Priest's book-serious. A true sutra

● Eat in a small bowl and watch the weather. (author Tim).

● The meat pot was thrown into the river-groggy. (heavy meat).

The tortoise has chicken feathers in its belly-anxious to return. The turtle's heart is like an arrow.

There is a hole behind the temple-great. The temple is finished.

●. Shouxing Qi Xianhe-No road. No deer.

Put down eighteen dollars twice-I've heard about it for a long time. (nine articles).

● Girls in dyehouses don't wear white shoes-naturally. (self-dyeing).

Low. Tie a pigtail behind your ass-breaking the law and discipline. (tail hair disorder).

● The stove has turned over-unlucky. (Pour coal).

● The rice cooker smokes-confused. The rice is burnt.

Nephew plays lanterns-as usual (uncle)

Nail shoes without awls-how nice (needles)

Asshole's ass-regulation (turtle)

Walking in the Watermelon Field —— See the source (circle) on both sides

Blind people go to school-don't admit defeat (book)

Masons' tiles are painted with knives.

The clay idol washes his face-the blind man who lost his face (wet) entered the smoking hall-modern. (touching the lamp).

joke

At a meeting in the village, the village head said, "Rabbit and shrimp, don't burn melons, pickles are too expensive." Comrades and villagers, don't talk. Let's have a meeting now. The host said, "Sausage and melon for pickles." (Now, please speak to the township head. The township head said, "Rabbits, shrimps and dogs ate today's meal. Everyone is chinemys reevesii." Comrades and villagers, we have enough food today. Let's all use big bowls.

A foreign girl married to China. When eating breakfast, I was pointed out that I can't eat fried dough sticks: "Dip it."

She stood up at once and was told, "Take a dip!"

Confused, she said indignantly, "Let me eat standing up. I have stood up. Where should I stand? "

One day I went to a restaurant to eat jiaozi with a foreign friend.

The beautiful service lady came to ask, my friend always missed any opportunity to practice Chinese and rushed to say, "How much is a sleep?"

The young lady was very embarrassed, so she was very angry. I quickly explained that he was asking jiaozi how much.

Jiaozi served it, and I asked him if he wanted mustard.

He invited another young lady. Is there a "program"?

The young lady said brightly, "Yes, what program do you want?"

"Is the yellow one.