Introduction Students may not know that the Danes occupied a dominant position for a long time in the history of Britain, and the Normans, the main body of the famous Norman landings, also came from northern Europe. They have a very famous name in history: Vikings, but their names are different in different places. They are called Norsemen or Normans in western Europe and Varangians in eastern Europe. The Vikings started their own era in Europe. In different parts of Europe, the Vikings are all-powerful, and their footprints are all over Britain, France, Italy, Russia and so on. The Viking era lasted from the end of the 8th century to the second half of the 11th century. Their history in Ukraine, according to Byzantine records, is no later than 838. This year, the envoy representing King Rus'/ Rhos appeared in Constantinople to express the desire for peace and friendship to the empire. But soon, the vikings fell out with Byzantium. A group of vikings went south along the Dnieper River, crossed the Black Sea, entered the Bosporus Strait, and attacked Constantinople. In June, 86, the vikings even dared to attack the powerful Byzantine imperial capital, and Constantinople and the whole empire were caught off guard. At that time, the empire faced the fierce offensive of the people in the south, and the emperor Mikhail was fighting in Asia Minor, and his fleet was far away in the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, so the northern front was relatively empty, allowing the vikings to successfully break through the capital, but the vikings were not well equipped, not to mention Constantinople, a Millennium imperial city. Look at the picture below to feel which one was so easy to break. When the vikings saw no chance, they attacked the suburbs, ransacked churches and manors. Speaking of which, students who have read the first two chapters may ask, where are the awesome Hazards? In fact, in terms of relations, the relationship between Hazare and Byzantium is quite good. Khan Zabil of Hazare once lent 4, soldiers to the Byzantine emperor Chirac to fight Persia, and Chirac used this support army to raze the Azerbaijani province of Sassanbos. With this friendship, the relationship between the two sides continued to deepen and strengthen. There were many royal marriages between Byzantine and Hazare people, and the benefits immediately appeared. Byzantine emperor Justinian II fled directly to Hazare people during his exile and married a sister of Khan, who was later the queen of Theodora. When Constantine V arrived, he also married the daughter of Kosakhan and became the queen of irani. Their son, Emperor Leo IV, is even better known by his nickname Leo of Kossa. I have to say that the benefits of the alliance between the two sides are actually enjoyed by the Byzantines. The Hazare people constantly helped Byzantium to resist all kinds of enemies. In the wave of sweeping people in the future, it is hard to say that Byzantium could exist for thousands of years without the help of Hazare people. However, the Hazards shed too much blood and contributed too much strength to Byzantium, so that when faced with the new grassland power, the Hazards were constantly beaten back, which gave the Vikings a chance to sneak attack. The poor Hazards fought on two fronts, fighting the vicious Pechenegs in the east, and constantly dealing with the Vikings' harassment in the west and north. Igor, the real founder of Ross, his wife Olga and his son Sviatoslav always maintained a policy that the Hazards must be destroyed in order to attack Byzantium. When Sviatoslav was in power, after a series of battles, he seized sakr, the fortress of Hazards in the Don River area, and turned it into an outpost of the Russians. Then he ransacked Idir, the capital of Hazare Khanate on the banks of the Volga River, and defeated the vassal Volga Bulgarians of Hazare. In the end, Hazare Khanate was destroyed by the constant blows of Vikings and Pechneg, and the struggle between Hazare and Vikings for control of Slavic tribes basically ended. Now the leader of Ukraine is undoubtedly a Viking! The vikings who razed the Ukrainian grassland can continue to attack Byzantium without any worries. In 86, 97 and 941, the vikings came to Constantinople for three times. Byzantium, without the support of Hazare, had to rely on itself. In desperation, Byzantium broke out with strong fighting power. With the advantages of navy and Greek fire technology, it finally defeated the Vikings. In this way, the two sides, who could not do each other, finally sat down to negotiate. In 944, the Byzantine emperor Romanus I signed a peace treaty with Igor, the grand duke of Kiev, temporarily eliminating the hostility between the two sides. Since then, the relationship between the two sides has become increasingly close. Some Russians, eager for wealth, came to Byzantium to help the empire fight as mercenaries. Byzantine culture also began to exert a great influence on Russian society. Olga personally visited Constantinople and was baptized by ecumenical patriarch. Olga's conversion also promoted the Christianization of the Ross people. However, the Christianization of the Ross people was not so smooth, so Sviatoslav refused to be a Christian all the time and still lived in the way of polytheism. At the same time, he tore up the peace treaty with Byzantium, and kept fighting with Byzantium. The tortured Byzantines had to spend money to buy peace. They paid Sviatoslav a huge fee to attack the Balkan Bulgarians, the enemy of Byzantium. Hehe, the ancient people had learned this trick long ago. Sviatoslav was a warrior. When he got the money, he immediately turned his gun and marched into the Balkans. He easily hanged the Bulgarian army. The Byzantines thought that he would hand over the land he acquired to them. Sviatoslav replied: How far away is it? Why should I give you the territory I shot? Sviatoslav is so awesome, because he thinks he is the absolute boss in this area, but don't forget, there is an even fiercer enemy in the east: the Pechneg people. The Byzantines changed their tactics and began to buy the Pechneg people heavily and let them attack Kiev. Sviatoslav had to return to the Li to deal with the Pecheneg, and he had to say that Sviatoslav had a high force value, and the fierce Pecheneg was no match. More importantly, when attacking the Pecheneg, he knew that Byzantium was behind his back, and the angered Vikings turned their guns to attack Byzantium, and besieged the Byzantine city Adrian Fort, which is less than 15 miles (about 241 kilometers) from Constantinople, which is today's edirne. The imperial court was in a panic, and the emperor John Chimiskis, in fear, offered huge compensation and promised to be good friends with the Vikings. Sviatoslav believed the Byzantines again, and he began to withdraw his troops on his way back to Kiev. He would not have thought that the Byzantines had already secretly told the Pechneg people about his withdrawal route. Pace Viateau Slav, a lean man, was killed by the cavalry of Pecheneg, and his skull was made into a wine glass. Sviatoslav was known as a "brave man" in history, and this title was indeed in line with his life. He made expeditions to the east and the west, and almost never suffered defeat in his life. The only defeat was that he was killed by a conspiracy attack. He laid a large piece of land for the Vikings, but it was his son, Vladimir, who was called the Great, who really changed the Vikings. Vladimir's choice has a far-reaching impact on his country and the whole history of Eastern Europe. He not only brought Ross into the Christian world, but also made him a part of Eastern Christianity. Many consequences not only had a great impact at the beginning of the second millennium AD, but also today. Please look forward to the next chapter, the appearance of the Great Emperor.