Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located in the north of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 334 kilometers away from Nanning. It covers an area of 4553 square kilometers. Huanjiang is the only Maonan county in China with a population of 330,000. There are 3 1.3 million Maonan, Zhuang and Yao, and Maonan accounts for 16.2% of the total population. There are Maonan, Zhuang, Han, Miao and Yao. Clear the Anhua Hall. The Republic of China was changed to Yi Bei County. 195 1 is called Huanjiang County. 1986, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County was established.
I. Geographical location
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located in the northwest of Guangxi, on the southeast edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, at the southern foot of 90,000 mountains, with Rongshui and Luocheng counties in the east, Yizhou and Hechi City in the south, Libo and congjiang county in Guizhou Province in the west, and its geographical coordinates are east longitude107O51'-10843'. The maximum horizontal distance between east and west is 89 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance between north and south is 90 kilometers.
Second, the terrain.
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is located on the slope of the southern edge of the central Guizhou Plateau. The overall terrain is high in the north and low in the south, surrounded by mountains on all sides, with hills to the south of the central part, with a slightly higher elevation of 1693 m and the lowest elevation of 149 m.
Third, the mountain system
Northeast Mountain in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is a part of 90,000 mountain systems, with the highest peak of Phoenix Mountain, with an altitude of 1.693 meters. In the northern mountainous area, Dagezhai is the main peak (elevation 1460m), which extends southward and becomes the watershed of large and small rivers. The main mountain peak in the northwest mountainous area is Jin 'ao Mountain (elevation 106 1.4), which extends from northwest to south. The west and south are dominated by karst mountains, with earth mountains, semi-earth mountains and semi-stone mountains in the middle. Qifeng is steep, and the highest peak is Xiaodongpo in Mulun Township, with an altitude of 740.0 meters. Baxian Mountain is the highest mountain in southern Central China, with an altitude of 73 1.9 meters.
Fourth, climate.
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with mild climate, abundant rain and sunshine, no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer, the same season of rain and heat, and a long frost-free period. The annual average temperature in southern Qiu Ling is 19.9℃,15.7℃; In the northern mountains. 1 monthly average temperature 10. 1℃, and the average temperature in July is 28℃; ; The lowest temperature over the years is-5.2℃, the frost-free period is 290, and the annual average sunshine hours 145.438+0 hours. The annual solar radiation is 98.89 kcal/cm2.
The average annual rainfall is1.750mm in the north and 1.389. 1 mm in the south, which is concentrated from April to September, accounting for 70% of the annual rainfall. The minimum rainfall over the years is 922.8 mm, evaporation 1. 1mm, and the average relative humidity of the air is 79.
Five, water characters
The main rivers in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County are Dahuanjiang, Xiaohuanjiang, Zhongzhou and Dagou. All four rivers originate in Guizhou Province and flow from north to south into Longjiang River.
Dahuanjiang River: total length 136.5km, county boundary 147.2km, drainage area of 2,850km2, maximum flow of 3,020s cubic meters (1970) and minimum flow of 3. 1s cubic meters (/kloc-0)
Xiaohuanjiang River: the total length is 136.5km, the county boundary is 94. 1km, the drainage area is 2328km2, and the annual average flow is 39.25s cubic meters.
Zhongzhou River: total length 136.5km, county boundary 17. 1km, with an average annual flow time of 39.45 seconds cubic meters.
Dagou River: Dagou River is located in the west of the county seat, separated from Nandan County, with a total length of 26 kilometers and a rainwater collection area of 804 square kilometers. The above four rivers, except Dagou River, have small water volume, large drop and small economic value, and the large and small rivers and Zhongzhou River have large water volume, all of which have certain development value.
Soil condition of intransitive verbs
There are five soil subtypes in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County: red soil, yellow red soil, yellow soil, brown calcareous soil and black calcareous soil. The parent rocks are mainly sand shale and limestone, followed by sandstone, shale and yellow soil, which are distributed in the middle and low mountains above 800 meters above sea level. Yellow-red soil is distributed in hilly areas and hilly areas at an altitude of 500-800 meters, red soil is distributed in hilly areas or the middle and lower parts of low mountains below 500 meters, and calcareous soil is mainly distributed in limestone areas, with high organic matter content, slight acidity, deep soil layer, strong natural fertility, slight acidity, thin soil layer and high organic matter content.
Seven, animal and plant resources
Huanjiang is a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area with rich forest vegetation and diverse species. There are 9 15 species of vascular plants and 536 species of trees, belonging to 54 families 162 genera. Common tree species are Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Verticillium wilt, Cinnamomum camphora, Toona sinensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fissa, Quercus macrophylla, Phoebe bournei, Liquidambar formosana and Acer negundo. Shrubbery and herbaceous vegetation are commonly found in Myrtle, Vitex negundo, Paulownia leucocephala, Salix bracteata, Song Gang, Yecaocao, Lemna ciliata, Pteridophyte and so on.
Besides abundant forest resources, animal resources are also abundant. There are 260 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the county, belonging to 4 classes, 26 orders and 70 families respectively. Among them, amphibian 17 species, accounting for 6.5% of the total; There are 47 species of reptiles, accounting for 18. 1%, and 48 species of birds/kloc-0, accounting for 56.9%. There are 48 species of mammals, accounting for 18.5%.
Nine, agricultural and sideline products
The unique natural conditions around the Yangtze River have bred many precious agricultural and sideline products, including famous local products at home and abroad, such as Chuanshan sleeping mat, Maonan flower bamboo hat, Xianan beef, mellow Maonan red cellar wine, fragrant pigs, fragrant ducks, fragrant cows, fragrant japonica, mushrooms, etc. The famous local products include Chuanshan sleeping mat, Minglun fragrant japonica, Longyan mushrooms and so on.
economic construction
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is an agricultural county in northwest Guangxi, with a total area of 453,349 hectares, including 22,697 hectares of cultivated land. There are many kinds of crops, including rice, corn, silkworm, watermelon, rape, peanuts, tomatoes, tobacco leaves and fruit trees.
In 2002, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the county was 732.9 million yuan, the grain output reached 6,543.8 0.35 million tons, the cocoon output reached 2,368 tons, the sugarcane output reached 6,543.8 0.55 million tons, the fruit output reached 9,200 tons, the oil output reached 3,843 tons, the vegetable output reached 6,543.8 0 million tons, and the watermelon output reached 654.
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County is a big forestry county, with a land area of 6.855 million mu, including 6.5438+0.893 million mu of woodland, including 654.38+0.10.79 million mu of broadleaf trees, 5.565438+0.000 mu of coniferous forests, 54,000 mu of mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests and 52,000 mu of bamboo forests. Shrub land is 6,543,8+0,670 mu; There are 249,000 mu of woodland. The county's standing stock is 485.8 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 52%.
Since the reform and opening up, especially in the 1990s, the state-owned, collective and private enterprises in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County have developed rapidly, and an industrial system with nonferrous metal mining, smelting, iron ore mining, iron and steel smelting, agricultural products processing, building materials, chemicals and coal-fired electricity as the main industries has been established.
There are more than 20 non-ferrous metal mineral processing enterprises in the county, with an annual raw ore processing capacity of1.2000 tons; There are 5 zinc smelting enterprises with an annual output of 80,000 tons of zinc calcine (metal content) and 6,543,800 tons of industrial sulfuric acid; 3 lead smelting enterprises, with an annual output of crude lead ingots, high lead antimony and electrolytic lead10.5 million tons; Iron and steel smelting enterprises 1 home, with an annual output of more than 80,000 tons. The main products are various specifications and brands of cast pig iron and steel-making pig iron. There are 1 metallurgical enterprises with an annual output of 5000 tons of Si-Mn alloy.
There are 6 coal enterprises with an annual output of 250,000 tons of high-quality anthracite; 3 building materials enterprises, producing 200,000 tons of 4.25 cement and more than 30,000 tons of fly ash; Sugar-making enterprises 1 household, with an annual processing capacity of 250,000 tons of raw sugarcane and 25,000 tons of mixed sugar. The main products are white sugar and brown sugar. Cocoon and silk enterprises 1 family, with an annual output of 200 tons of white silk and 0/10,000 tons of dried cocoon/kloc-0. The production specifications of white factory silk are 19/ID, 20/22D, 27/29 D, 40/44 D, etc. At present, there are 6 food processing enterprises, the main products are canned vegetables, dried products, fresh products, canned fruits, preserved fruits, China famous specialty products such as Huanjiang Xiang pig, vegetable beef and fragrant beef, baked products, fresh-keeping products and other beverage series.
In 2006, Huanjiang County achieved a regional GDP of 654.38 0.98 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38 0.03.5% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries reached 779 million yuan, 634 million yuan and 585 million yuan respectively, up by 13%, 18% and 10% respectively. Fiscal revenue reached 654.38+700.03 billion yuan, an increase of 30.73% over the previous year; The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 91500 million yuan, an increase of 25.3% over the previous year; The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society was 550 million yuan, an increase of14% over the previous year; The per capita net income of farmers was 2 188 yuan, an increase of16% over the previous year; The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 7524 yuan, an increase of16% over the previous year; The natural population growth rate is 7.82‰, which is within the control index issued by the autonomous region.
Science education, culture and health
Medical and health undertakings:
Run well-off, be healthy first. In the process of building a well-off society in a new socialist countryside, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County always puts people's health first. The county's medical and health undertakings have developed rapidly, the people's physical fitness has been continuously improved, and the medical and health work has shown a good development trend.
Education business
Through the joint efforts of the people of the whole county, Huanjiang County has achieved the goal of 1992 basically popularizing primary compulsory education, completed the task of 1998 basically eliminating illiteracy among young people, and passed the national acceptance. From June 5438 to 10, 2005, all towns and villages in the county passed the assessment and acceptance of nine-year compulsory education at the autonomous region level (hereinafter referred to as "Pujiu"), and the population coverage rate of "Pujiu" has reached 100%. In June 2006, 165438+ 10, the county's "popularization" work passed the assessment and acceptance at the autonomous region level.
rural cooperative medical service
In 2006, a total of132,000 farmers in Huanjiang County benefited from the new rural cooperative medical system and paid 6,022,200 yuan to the participating farmers. The vast number of participating farmers in the county benefited from the new rural cooperative medical system, which has played an increasingly obvious role in reducing farmers' medical burden, preventing farmers from becoming poor due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness.
In 2007, 220,000 farmers in the county participated in the new rural cooperative medical system, which will play a greater role in building a new socialist countryside in Huanjiang County and ensuring the health of farmers in the county.
Achievements of health development in the past 20 years
In the past 20 years, with the strong support and guidance of Party committees, governments and health administrative departments at higher levels, with deepening health reform as the driving force, health work has conscientiously implemented the principles and policies of health development in the new period, closely focused on the requirements of the health development plan of Huanjiang County, adjusted the layout, strengthened management, strengthened connotation construction and improved efficiency, and achieved remarkable results in health work.
Tourism services
Surrounded by beautiful scenery and dense caves, it is picturesque; There are many rare and endangered animals and plants; There is a magnificent Longtan waterfall; There are exquisite Maonan tombs that are rare in the world; There is a rough and unconstrained Maonan wooden dance; There is a lively Miao girl dancing.
The main attractions are Xiamiao Tourist Resort, Dacai Shenlong Palace, Xia Lan Wedding Cave, Chuanshan Liang Rui Tourist Area, Changmei Cliff Stone Carving, Minglun Memorial archway in the Northern Song Dynasty, Xian 'an Tomb, etc.
Karst forest and ancient commercial eco-tourism area
Mulun Karst Forest Reserve is located in Mulun and Chuanshan Township in the northwest of Huanjiang River. It is named after its first discovery in Mulun Township, 72 kilometers away from Huanjiang County, with an area of about 90 square kilometers. /kloc-0 was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council in 1998. Experts from China Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Forestry have investigated and demonstrated that Mulun Karst Forest Reserve belongs to the mixed forest ecosystem of evergreen, deciduous and broad-leaved forest in the limestone area of the middle subtropical zone, and it is the largest, well-preserved and most primitive karst forest in the world.
Dongxing Yangmeiao Summer Resort
Yangmeiao Scenic Area is located in Jiuren Forest Farm, Jiuwandashan, Dongxing Town, 20 kilometers away from the county seat/kloc-0 and at the junction with Rongshui County. There are dense forests, towering old trees, well-preserved natural forests and a good ecological environment. At present, Yangmeiao area is an autonomous region-level nature reserve. In 2005, it was declared as a national nature reserve together with Rongshui and Luocheng.
National custom
There are more than 7 1 10,000 Maonan people. Maonan nationality has its own language, belonging to the Zhuang and Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and Chinese is widely used. They mainly live in Maonan Mountain, Jiuwan Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain and Dashi Mountain in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, while Shangnan, Zhongnan, Xian 'an and other mountainous areas in Huanjiang County, Guangxi are called "Three Souths" and "Hometown of Maonan Nationality".
Maonan nationality is mainly engaged in agricultural production and manages various sideline businesses. Beef cattle raised by Maonan nationality are exported to Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places, and have a good reputation. The bamboo wares they woven are exquisite in workmanship, and the famous flower bamboo hat is exquisite, beautiful and practical. It is not only a handicraft of Maonan nationality, but also a precious ornament for girls.
The rooms of Maonan nationality are all in the style of dry fence, and the gables inside and outside the dry fence are made of wood and stone, which are solid and stable. Generally speaking, the dry fence has two floors, above which people live and below which livestock are raised. There is a balcony outside the door, which is suitable for lighting and moisture-proof. This is a masterpiece of China southern dwellings. The pillars of the dry fence are stone pillars, the steps in the building are stone strips, and the foundations and gables are mostly made of stone. Even doorsill, terrace, cowshed, table, stool, water tank, birdbath, etc. They are all made of stone or carved, and the flowers, birds, fish and insects carved on these stone products are even more beautiful.
The carvings on Maonan stone tombs are well known, and the ancient tombs preserved on Fenghuang Mountain today are typical examples of Maonan stone carvings. Masons of Maonan nationality, who have always attached importance to meticulous carving, portray flowers, birds, fish, insects, figures and utensils vividly on cold stones. Masons of Maonan nationality do not draw lines or draft, but improvise on stones with chisels in their hands to create vivid images according to ideas in their minds.
Maonan people live in mountainous areas and lack cultivated land. They developed every inch of land between rocks and paved a stone to protect the soil. It can be said that they cherish the soil as gold. Maonan farming is extremely meticulous. Paddy fields are often ploughed over and over again, and the bumps in the fields are mashed and replanted, so their grain output is very high. Not only that, Maonan people have long used close planting, interplanting and intercropping in mountainous areas, and accumulated rich experience for farming in western Lingnan.
The staple food of Maonan nationality is rice and corn, and the vegetables are peas, cabbage, pumpkin, beans and radish. Tofu is an important non-staple food at holiday banquets. Maonan people are very hospitable, and it is always an honor for guests to get home. They warmly entertain guests with pickled sour meat, sour screws and sauerkraut at home, and also invite guests to taste the most ethnic "Maonan rice".
Maonan men and women like to wear blue or cyan cardigans and sweaters. The woman wears a very beautiful right cardigan with two laces, and her trousers are wide and rolled with lace. Women also like to tie their hair in a bun, wear jewelry, have silver ornaments and jade ornaments on their chests, and especially like to wear hats made of flowers and bamboo.
administrative division
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County governs 7 towns and 7 townships 1 Ethnic townships: Sien, Shui Yuan, Luo Yang, Chuanshan, Minglun, Dongxing, Shang Chao, Dacai, Shangnan, Xianan, Mulun, Daan, Changmei, Longyan and Xunle Miao.
The development of history
1 986165438+1October1,approved by the State Council (Guo Han [1986] 152): Huanjiang County was abolished and Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County was established. The former administrative region of Huanjiang County was the administrative region of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County.
In 2000, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County administered 7 towns and 7 townships 1 ethnic township.
According to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county is 332,067. Population (people) of each township: Sien Town 42736 Shui Yuan Town 32 169 Luo Yang Town 37857 Chuanshan Town 3 1770 Minglun Town 3 1496 Dongxing Town 19383 Shang Chao Town1. 8+07492 Mulun Township 533 1 Daan Township 20667 Changmei Township 2498 1 Longyan Township 19729 Xunle Miao Township 2 1353
Investigation on administrative divisions of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County in 2005 (6 towns and 5 townships 1 ethnic townships);
Sien Town governs: two communities in the north and south of the city; There are 12 village committees in Zhongshan, Dieling, Suong Chen, Zhongxing, Southwest, Naihe, Sanle, Anliang, Renhe, Qingtan, Wenhua and Long Fu.
Shui Yuan Town governs: Shui Yuan Community and Shangnan Community; There are 1 1 village committees in Zhong Jian, Heping, Lira, Xili, Sancai, Sanmei, Han Xiang, Wenping, Yaodong and Quan Min.
Luoyang Town Area: Luoyang Community; Unity, Pule, Shi Miao, Hezuo, Guchang, Jiangkou, Yu He, Monti, Yongquan, Yong 'an, Yamai and Wenyayou 12 village committees.
Chuanshan Town governs: Youdong Community and Mulun Community; There are 18 village committees in Lin Lang, Tongren, Duchuan, Gu Bin, Wuxu, Hedun, Shecun, Baidan, Xia Feng, Xiagan, Xiajiu, Tangwan, Chaleyi, Ding, Donggan, Dongshan and Xiarongjiang.
Minglun Town governs: Minglun Community; There are 15 village committees in Jing Ya, Longshui, Xiangyao, Baoshan, Caibo, Cuishan, Baixiang, Jixiang, Gancheng, Northern Song Dynasty, Hao Ying, Bamian, Heguang, Dong Hao and Liu Ping.
Dongxing Town: Dongxing Community; There are 10 village committees in Cai Wei, Le Cai, Jiaxing, Duya, Longcheng, Daxing, Jiudeng, Ping 'an, Biaoshan and Chashan.
Dacai Township Area: Dacai Community; There are six village committees: Golden Boy, Xinpo, Hemp, Warm and Harmonious, Sanhe and Chonglou.
Xian 'an Township: Xian 'an Community; Bochuan, Yifeng, Zhongnan, Guzhou, Tangba, Yuhuan, Caimen, Xiatang, Jingyang and Xiyuan have 10 village committees.
Daan Township: Daan Community; There are five village committees, which are new, lovely, talented, Tang Fang and Huanjie.
Changmei Township: Changmei Community; Neitong, Fu Ba, Neidian, Gu 'an and Aidong five village committees.
Longyan township jurisdiction: Longyan community; There are 12 village committees in Anshan, Dake, Lejiu, Liangxing, Kenlan, Chao Ge, Glory, Ganyan, Huangzhong, Dadong, Huangcheng and Jiuwei.
Xunle Miao Township Jurisdiction: Fushou Community and Ye Ping Community; There are 10 village committees in Pingmo, Taiping, Quan 'an, Changbei, Shangang, Zhenbei, Kangning, Shunning, Beishan and Daji.
202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and the ranking of Huanjiang County was 100.
On March 5, 20 19, Huanjiang County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.
From 2065438 to March 2009, Huanjiang County was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Huanjiang area).
In September of 20 18, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties of rural e-commerce in 20 18 was released, and Huanjiang County was on the list.
20 18, 18, Huanjiang County won the honor of advanced unit in the fourth batch of national legal county establishment activities.