It is generally believed that Hakka dialect was originally formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it was not named Hakka until the 20th century. Linguists still have some arguments about whether to classify it as a Chinese dialect or language. Especially in China, it is considered as one of the seven dialects of Chinese. Meixian dialect is a representative in linguistic academic research, but Huiyang dialect has great influence in reality. In Taiwan Province Province, the company is represented by the strong line. Hakka dialect is mainly distributed in eastern Guangdong, western Fujian and southwestern Jiangxi, and is widely used in southern China (including Taiwan Province Province) and Malaysian Chinese communities.
Hakka dialects in various places have strong local characteristics. There are Pingyuan, Tai Po, Jiaoling, Xingning, Wuhua, Fengshun and other counties around Meixian County, and almost every county's Hakka dialect has its own characteristics. For example, there are no words ending in [-m] or [-p] in Xingning dialect, but they are merged into [-n] and [-t]. For another example, far from Meixian's Hong Kong accent, the middle vowel [-u-] has disappeared. So take "light" as an example, Mei Xian pronounces [ku? 44], Hakkas in Hong Kong will pronounce it [k? 33], similar to the Hakka accent in neighboring Shenzhen.
In different Hakka dialects, the tones are different. Most Hakka dialects have entering tones, and * * * has 6-7 tones. Changting Chengguan dialect, the tone disappears; Shuiyuanyin and other dialects retain the tone characteristics of early Hakka dialect, and * * * has seven tones. The Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province moved here from Haifeng and Lufeng. There is a retrogingival sound ([? ],[? ]，[t？ ])。 Another mainstream Hakka dialect in Taiwan Province Province is Jiaoling, Pingyuan, Xingning and Meixian dialects in Jiaying.
First, the possessive case of personal pronouns can be expressed as ([? A 13]) or "you (1)".
Second, there are special interrogative pronouns, such as pulse (what) and pulse (who).
Thirdly, there are special collocations between nouns and quantifiers, and between verbs and quantifiers. For example, a fish is this big.
Fourth, the position of the double object is flexible: the indirect object can be placed before or after the direct object. Predicates can be repeated and added before direct objects and indirect objects respectively. For example:
Give each other a shirt. I gave him a dress. )
Divide your life into a shirt. I gave him a dress. )
You will share a shirt. I gave him a dress. )
(Note: in the above example, read bun 1[pun44])
5. The format of the comparative sentence is a-bi-b- guo-adjective. For example, oil is lighter than water.
Sixth, the expression methods of various forms of verbs:
Add "Zheng [tsa? 53] ",indicating that the action has just begun, for example, Ya is eating rice (I just ate it).
Add "wait [t? N3 1] ",indicating that the action is going on or on, such as waiting for a meal (I am eating) and waiting for a pulse in my hand (what is in my hand).
After the verb, add "ShenShen [? ] "(Yi) or" Guoguo ([? ]), indicating that the action has been completed, such as: Yashiyi (I have eaten).
Add "te [t? T 1] or "completed" means past completion, for example, he ate 40 kilograms of rice a month (he ate 40 kilograms of rice a month).
Adding "Ai" before the verb means that the action has not started, for example, I am eating (not eating yet).
Adding "turn" after the verb indicates the recovery of the action, for example, you turn over your cotton-padded jacket (you put it back).
Adding "Xia Zi" after verbs means giving it a try, for example, seeing Xia Zi (looking) and listening to Xia Zi (listening).
Tone sandhi is used to indicate near finger and far finger. For example:
[k] (here) [k? ]？ There (here,' means stress, the same below)
['k？ ] side (here) [k? ]' Edge (over there)
Eight, in the active sentence, only the preposition "Jiang" is used instead of "Ba". For example, if you move the table around (you take it back), you break the bowl (I break the bowl).
Nine, some words have different word order in the sentence. For example, the adverb "Tian" in Meixian dialect is equivalent to "zai" in Mandarin, but their positions in the sentence are different. The former is placed after the predicate or at the end of the sentence, and the latter is placed before the predicate. For example: listen to music for a while (listen to music again) and add a photo (take another photo). "Duo" and "Shao" used as adverbs are placed after verbs, such as: take more and throw more (take more) and use less and throw more (use less). "Dao" in Meixian dialect is equivalent to "Dao" in Putonghua, but their positions in the sentence are different, for example, learning more knowledge is better than learning less. "Qu" and "Lai" in Meixian dialect come before the object. For example: Yaam went to Guilin (my mother went to Guilin) and my sister came to the factory (my sister didn't come to the factory). Sometimes, the words "go … come" in this kind of sentence should be used together, for example, where have you been (where have you been)?
X. Different degrees of expression. For example, adjectives are used alone to indicate the general degree, adjectives overlap, and then "hey [? ] ",(affected by the previous syllable, the same part of the sound changes), indicating that the degree is weakened. For example: sour nê (sour), adding "[kuat5]" before the adjective means that the degree is strengthened, which is equivalent to "extraordinary". Such as: [kuat5] acid (very acid); Add "I don't know much" before the adjective, and then add "I [? ] ",indicating the highest degree, is equivalent to" very ",such as: I don't know a few acids (very sour); Adding "special" before adjectives means too much, which is equivalent to "too", such as: too sour (too sour).
I hope it can help you solve the problem.
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